• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2010

Piglet health at weaning is compromised due to several stress factors. Following the ban of antibiotic growth promoters new alternatives are required to control these problems. This paper reviews the evidence available for the use of spray dried animal plasma (SDAP) as an alternative to antibiotics in weaning pigs. Data from 75 trials in 43 publications involving over 12,000 piglets (mean values) have been used to calculate the performance responses of piglets according to several factors including SDAP origin, protein source from the control diet being replaced, dose of inclusion, age and weight of the piglets at weaning, sanitary conditions and simultaneous use or not of medication. Although the use of SDAP of all origins results in positive responses, it appears that plasma from porcine origin has the highest efficacy. This could be explained by the specificity of its IgG against porcine pathogens. During the first week post-weaning the response to plasma appears to increase with the inclusion dose, although over the two-week pre-starter period an optimal inclusion level of 4-8% is suggested. SDAP improves feed efficiency more markedly when the piglets are challenged with an experimental infection or when feed does not contain medication, which could be indicative of a lower expenditure of energy and nutrients to build an immune response against the challenge. There is evidence supporting that SDAP IgG and other bioactive substances therein prevent the binding of pathogens to the gut wall and reduce the incidence of diarrhoea in the post-weaning phase. Overall, plasma can be postulated as an excellent alternative to in-feed antimicrobials for piglets in the post-weaning phase.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2020

생체 조직 내에서 표지인자의 발견은 해당 세포의 특성과 기능을 이해하는 데 매우 중요하다. 기존에 밝혀진 돼지 정원세포의 표지인자로는 PGP9.5, PLZF, NANOG, SSEA1 등의 단백질이 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근 새로이 발굴된 돼지 정원세포 표지인자인 IGFBPs 의 기능을 분석하기 위해 IGFBPs 의 발현과 이를 조절하는 단백질인 PAPP-A 단백질의 발현을 5일령 돼지 정소에서 확인하였다. IGFBP 2, 3, 4, 6 의 발현이 돼지 정원세포 특이적으로 높게 나타났으며 PAPP-A의 발현은 세르톨리세포 특이적으로 나타났다. PAPP-A 의 발현을 PGP9.5, GATA4 등의 표지 인자와 함께 확인해 본 결과 PGP9.5를 발현하는 정원세포에서는 발현하지 않았으며, 세정관 내의 세르톨리세포 특이적으로 발현하였다. 이러한 사실로 미루어 볼 때 세르톨리세포에서 발현하는 PAPP-A 단백질은 정원세포에서 발현하는 IGFBPs 의 조절을 통하여 알려진 바와 같이 IGF axis 를 통해 정소내 세포들의 발달 및 분화를 조절할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of taurine and vitamin E on ovarian granulosa cells damaged by bromopropane (BP) in pigs. We evaluated cell viability, plasma membrane integrity (PMI) and apoptotic morphological change in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. The cells were treated with 1-BP (0, 5.0, 10, and $50{\mu}M$), 2-BP (0, 5.0, 10, and 50 mM), taurine (0, 5.0, 10, and 25 mM), and vitamin E (0, 100, 200, and $400{\mu}M$) for 24 h. $10{\mu}M$ 1-BP and $50{\mu}M$ 2-BP inhibited viability and PMI, and induced apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells (p < 0.05). Cell viability and PMI were increased by taurine (10 and 25 mM) and vitamin E (100 and $200{\mu}M$), and apoptosis decreased (p < 0.05). Finally, the porcine ovarian granulosa cells were co-treated with BPs ($10{\mu}M$), taurine (10 mM) and/or vitamin E ($200{\mu}M$). Cell viability and PMI in the co-treated cells were increased, and apoptosis was decreased. In conclusion, taurine and vitamin E can improve cell viability and inhibition of apoptosis in porcine ovarian granulosa cells damaged by bromopropane.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to prepare a binder containing porcine blood transglutaminase (TGase), thrombin and fibrinogen. Extracted TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen were used alone or mixed with different proportions of their volume (v/v/v) by nine combinations as follows were 0.5:1:15, 0.5:1:20, 0.5:1:25, 1:1:15, 1:1:20, 1:1:25, 1.5:1:15, 1.5:1:20 and 1.5:1:25, respectively. Five ml of each combination were mixed with 0.6 ml of 0.25 M calcium chloride before experiment. After storage at 4C for 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 weeks, enzyme activity, total plate count, pH value, and SDS-PAGE of TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen were tested and pH value, clotting time and gel strength of the nine combination binders were determined. The results showed that total plate count of thrombin and pH value of TGase were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in other treatments. SDS-PAGE results showed that purified TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen from porcine blood plasma compared with commercial products (Sigma) had the same band patterns and nine different combination binders had no significant effect. Enzymatic activity of TGase and thrombin decreased as storage time increased. Total plate count of TGase, thrombin and fibrinogen and clotting time of the binder increased as storage time increased. The higher amount of fibrinogen in combinations, the stronger the gel strength.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.275-286
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• 1994

Plasma protein which has been known as one of nonspecific immunostimulators was added to feedstuff to examine its effect on the enhancement of cellular immune response in porcine immune system. A total of 40 piglets, 20 male and 20 female each, were fed for 30 days with or without plasma protein. The peripheral blood were collected and analyzed for the investigation of leukocyte subpopulations and their activities by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific to porcine leukocyte differentiation antigens and flow cytometry. The results obtained as follows. 1. Total weight gain, daily feed intake and feed conversion rate for 10 days were significantly improved to 56%, 20% and 22% in the piglets fed plasma protein, respectively. 2. A significant increase in N (null or non T/non B) cells was also noticed. Leukocyte proportion from piglets fed plasma protein was 20.2-24.7%, otherwise that from piglets fed without plasma protein was 12.3-13.4%, respectively. 3. A significant increase in the proportion of B cells and cells expressing poCD1 was not found in piglets fed plasma protein. 4. Reaction with monoclonal antibodies specific to adhesion molecules, poCD11a, poCD11b, poCD44 and poCD45A and poCD45B, has shown that leukocyte subpopulation from piglets fed plasma protein did not significantly higher than that from piglets fed without plasma protein. 5. Total proportion of granulocytes and monocytes was about 50% in both group and the proportion after treated with Hypaque/Ficoll was 2.7% and 5.8% in each group, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.988-991
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• 1998

소와 돼지 혈액중의 혈장 단백질을 분리하여, 성분 분석과 단백질 함량을 정량했으며 혈장단백질의 식품 기능성에 관하여서는 기존 유화제로서 활용되는 유청 단백질인 WPC와 비교하여 유화능력을 비교 검토하였다. FPLC 및 SDS-PAGE에 의한 성분분석 결과 혈장 알부민(SA)은 돈혈장단백질(PPP), 우혈장단백질(BPP), 유장단백질(WPC)의 순서로 많이 함유되었으며, 혈장 단백질에는 ${\beta}-globulin$분획(주로 transferrin)이 다량 포함되어 있고, 그외 미량성분(fibrinogen, immunoglobulin)들이 확인되었다. 단백질 함량은 BPP (85%) 및 PPP (82%) 모두 높은 함량을 보여 우수한 단백질원으로 이용 가능할 것으로 보였다. 유화력도 혈장단백질들이 단백질 농도 2% 이하에서는 WPC보다 높았으며, 4% 이상에서는 WPC보다는 약간 낮았다. 또한 염농도 및 pH 의존성에 관하여 유화력에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, PPP 및 BPP의 pH 영역에 대한 유화활성은 WPC와는 상이하게 산성쪽의 pH에서 염기성쪽보다 더 높은 활성을 보였으며, 염(NaCl)첨가로 인한 유화 활성의 영향은 WPC와 비교하여 pH 의존성이 상당히 높았으며, 특히 산성쪽에서 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과들을 살펴볼 때 소 및 돼지의 혈액에서 제조한 혈장단백질들은 우수한 유화특성을 갖는 식품소재로 확인되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.1054-1058
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to use pig blood plasma transglutaminase (TGase) combined with thrombin and fibrinogen as a binder, which was applied to restructured meat, and to investigate its effect on the restructured meat quality. Pig meat was obtained 10 h post mortem from a traditional market was ground using a 10 mm aperture plate. A binder admixture was added (TGase:thrombin:fibrinogen mixed as 0.5:1:20 (v/v/v) to which was added 12% of its volume of 0.25 M calcium chloride) at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of meat weight. Measurements included cooking loss, shrinkage rate, shear value, total plate count, pH value, TBA value, color difference, tension strength and sensory evaluation. The results showed that ground meat containing 20% w/w of binder admixture had higher cooking loss, shrinkage rate and shear value (p<0.05). Addition of different percentages of binder admixture did not affect total plate count, pH value, TBA value, and sensory evaluation of restructured meat (p>0.05). Tension strength was increased with increased level of binder admixture. Addition up to 15% binder admixture to restructured meat showed better scores of sensory texture, flavor and total acceptability (p<0.05).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2021

This study was conducted to determine the effects of addition of porcine blood plasma (PBP) to the emulsified pork batter as a substitute for the soy protein isolate (SPI) or sodium caseinate (SC) on the emulsion stability and physicochemical and textural properties of the emulsified pork batter. A total of 10 treatments were no addition and 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% addition with each of SPI, SC, and PBP. The moisture and fat losses of the pork emulsion after cooking decreased with increasing percentage of any of SPI, SC, and PBP (p < 0.05). Further, moisture loss was less for the PBP treatment than for SPI and SC (p < 0.05). The lightness, redness, and whiteness of the emulsified pork batter decreased (p < 0.05) due to any of the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments whereas the yellowness and the chroma and hue values increased. The lightness, redness, yellowness, and chroma and hue values differed also among the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments (p < 0.05); however, the numerical difference between any two types of substitutes was less than 8% of the two corresponding means in all of these variables. Textural properties, including the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and adhesiveness, were not influenced by any of the SPI, SC, and PBP treatments (p > 0.05), except for greater gumminess and chewiness for the PBP treatment than for SC. The present results indicate that PBP is comparable or even superior to SPI or SC in its emulsion-stabilizing effect and therefore could be used a substitute for the latter as a non-protein ingredient of pork emulsion batter.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2018

A preliminary study into the protective mechanisms of adaptive immunity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in piglets (n = 9) born to a gilt challenged intranasally with a type-2 PRRSV. Immune parameters (neutralizing antibodies, $CD3^+CD4^+$, $CD3^+CD8^+$, $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocytes, and PRRSV-specific interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$ secreting T-lymphocytes) were compared with infection parameters (macro- and microscopic lung lesion, and PRRSV-infected porcine alveolar macrophages ($CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$) as well as with plasma and lymphoid tissue viral loads. Percentages of three T-lymphocyte phenotypes in 14-days post-birth (dpb) peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) had significant negative correlations with percentages of $CD172{\alpha}^+PRRSV-N^+\;PAM$ (p < 0.05) as well as with macroscopic lung lesion (p < 0.01). Plasma and tissue viral loads had significant (p < 0.05) negative correlations with $CD3^+CD4^+CD8^+$ T-lymphocyte percentage in PBMC. Frequencies of $CD3^+CD8^+$ and $CD3^+CD4^+$ T-lymphocytes in 14-dpb PBMC had significant negative correlations with of lymph node (p = 0.04) and lung (p = 0.002) viral loads. $IFN-{\gamma}$-secreting T-lymphocytes frequency had a significant negative correlation with gross lung lesion severity (p = 0.002). However, neutralizing antibody titers had no significant negative correlation (p > 0.1) with infection parameters. The results indicate that T-lymphocytes contribute to controlling PRRSV replication in young piglets born after in-utero infection.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.177-183
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• 2018

생체 조직 내에서 표지인자의 발견은 해당 세포의 특성과 기능을 이해하는 데 매우 중요하다. 이전의 연구에서 본 연구진은 돼지정원줄기세포에서 특이적으로 IGFBP 3가 발현되어 표지인자로의 가능성을 보고한 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 IGFBP 3이외의 다른 family member가 정원줄기세포에서 특이적으로 발현하는 지와, 이의 발현을 조절하는 PAPP-A의 조직학적인 측면에서의 발현 양상을 5일령 돼지 정소에서 확인하였다. 그 결과 IGFBP 1, 2, 3, 4, 6의 발현은 정소 전체에서 발현되는 수준보다 돼지 정원줄기세포에서 더 높은 수준에서 발현하고 있음을 확인하였다. PAPP-A는 sertoli cell에서 특이적으로 발현하며, 정원줄기세포에서는 발현하지 않는 것을 PGP9.5와의 동시-조직염색으로 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 Sertoli cell에서 발현하는 PAPP-A 단백질은 미성숙 돼지 정소에서 IGFBP family를 통해 정소 세포의 발달과 분화를 조절할 것으로 판단된다.