• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.80-87
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• 1999

Objectives. The Study of Small Area Variation(SAV) is most interesting issue in the health care researches. Most studies of SAV have been concluded the existences of variation on the basis of the magnitude of variation without statistical testing. But it is difficult to explain the existence of variation with this way because variation indicies are easily influenced by several parameters and also their distribution are skewed. So, it needs for the study to investigate the distribution of these indices and develop the statistical testing model. Methods. This study was planned to analyze on the distribution of variation indices such as Extremal Quotient(EQ), Coefficient of Variation(CV), Systematic Component of Variation(SCV) and compare the statistical power among indicies. The simulations was performed on the basis of several assumptions and compared to the empirical data. Results. Main findings can be summarized as follows. 1. If other conditions are constant, the more number of regions, the larger 95 percentile of EQ. But under same situation, 95 percentile of CV and SCV were slightly decreased. 2. If the size of regional population or utilization rate were increased, 95 percentile of all statistics were decreased. Also in the cases of small population size and low utilization rate, 95 percentiles of EQ showed various change contrast to the little change of CV. 3. If the difference at the size of regional population were increased, 95 percentiles of EQ and SCV were increased contrast to the little different of CV. 4. If the utilization rate were increased, 95 percentiles of all indicies were increased. But under the same difference of utilization rate, the power of CV and SCV were increased comparing to no change of the power of EQ. 5. Usually the power of EQ were lower than that of CV or SCV and it is similar between CV and SCV. Conclusions. Therefore, we suggest that in selecting the variation indicies at the SAV, CV or SCV are superior than EQ in terms of significance level and power.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1992

The changes of pectoral muscle size (as an index of protein reserves) and fat reserves (as an index of lipid) were measured in wintering Dunlin during 1988 -1989 on two estuaries located in the south coast of Korea. The mean of lean mass of February population was greater(11.8%) than that of October population. SMI of October population was greater(4.5%) than that of February population and lipid index of October population also greater(1.6%) than that of February population. This show that the body condition of October population is better than February population. The mean of fat and protein reserves of 22 % of Dunlin arriving on October for their wintering were higher than that of others, this group seems to continue their migration to south further and 11% of the wintering population seems to starve during winter.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

우리나라 가문비나무 천연집단의 구과, 종자 및 발아특성에 대한 집단간 및 집단내 개체간 변이를 조사하였다. 지리산과 덕유산 집단의 25개 개체목에서 구과를 채취하여 13가지 구과 및 종자특성과 3가지 발아특성에 대하여 분석하였다. 분산분석 결과 종자의 폭 및 무게, 종자날개지수 및 평균발아일수 특성을 제외한 9개 형질들에서 집단간 및 집단내 개체간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 변이계수 값은 구과와 종자의 무게, 충실율, TTC, 발아율 및 발아속도 형질들에서 29.7%~57.1% 범위의 높은 값을 보였으며, 나머지 형질들에서는 10% 내외의 비교적 변이가 작은 것으로 나타났다. 대체적으로 형태적 특성은 지리산집단의 경우 구과 및 종자날개가 작으며 긴 경향을 보인반면 덕유산 집단이 종자가 크고 긴 형태를 나타냈다. 종자충실율과 TTC 활력은 지리산 집단이 덕유산 집단에 비해 각각 1.79배, 1.87배 정도 우수한 집단간 차이를 나타냈다. 가문비나무의 종자발아에 미치는 온도조건의 영향을 보면 발아적온은 $20^{\circ}C$였으며, 이때의 평균발아일수는 7.5일, 발아속도는 2.9개/일로 나타났다. 지리산 집단의 경우 평균발아율이 40.7%, 발아속도가 0.90개/일로서 덕유산 집단(17.7%, 0.37개/일)보다 발아특성이 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 구과, 종자 및 발아특성에 대한 상관분석 결과 국내 가문비나무 천연집단은 종자활력이 한정된 분포에 따른 근친교배 및 특정 개체의 편중개화 현상에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 추정되어 소멸을 초래할 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1183-1189
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• 2009

조팝나무는 목본이며 약용으로 매우 중요하며 우리나라 산림청 지정 보호수종이다. 이 속내 7집단에서 85개체에 대해 ISSR (inter simple sequence repeats) 마커로 이들 집단에 대한 유전적 변이와 집단구조를 조사하였다. 65개의 다형성 좌위와 78개 ISSR 유전자형을 얻었다. 덕유산 집단과 능동산 집단에는 1개체 이상 공유하는 유전자형이 포함되어 있었다. 전체 유전적 다양도는 종수준과 집단수준에서 각각 0.293과 0.183이였다. 집단의 분화($G_{ST}$)는 0.373으로 나타났다. 따라서 전체 변이의 37.3%는 집단 간에 있었다. ISSR 마커로 한국 내 조팝나무 집단의 분화는 잘 분리되어 ISSR로 조팝나무 집단 연구에 유익하며 유전적 다양도와 집단구조의 통찰은 종보전에 대한 기초 정보로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.513-521
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• 2014

일반적으로 현 시점에서 목표로 하고 있는 추정량의 산포가 지난시점의 추정량의 산포보다 크다면 지난시점과 비교하여 현 시점의 표본의 크기는 줄어드는 것이 타당하다. 계속조사에서 지난 시점의 추정량의 변동계수와 모집단의 크기 변동과 현 시점의 추정량의 목표오차를 이용하여 표본의 크기를 결정하는 것을 연구한 여러 논문들이 있다. 그런데 모집단은 크기의 변동과 산포의 변동이 있을 수 있으므로 본 연구에서는 지난 시점의 추정량의 변동계수와 모집단의 크기, 모집단의 산포 변동과 현 시점의 추정량의 목표오차를 반영하여 현 시점의 표본의 크기를 구하는 문제를 연구한다. 또한 모의실험을 통하여 기존 표본크기의 공식들과 비교분석한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7091-7094
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• 2013

DNA repair capacity is crucial in maintaining cellular functions and homeostasis. However, it can be altered based on DNA sequence variations in DNA repair genes and this may lead to the development of many diseases including malignancies. Identification of genetic polymorphisms responsible for reduced DNA repair capacity is necessary for better prevention. Homologous recombination (HR), a major double strand break repair pathway, plays a critical role in maintaining the genome stability. The present study was performed to determine the frequency of the HR gene XRCC3 Exon 7 (C18067T, rs861539) polymorphisms in Saudi Arabian population in comparison with epidemiological studies by "MEDLINE" search to equate with global populations. The variant allelic (T) frequency of XRCC3 (C>T) was found to be 39%. Our results suggest that frequency of XRCC3 (C>T) DNA repair gene exhibits distinctive patterns compared with the Saudi Arabian population and this might be attributed to ethnic variation. The present findings may help in high-risk screening of humans exposed to environmental carcinogens and cancer predisposition in different ethnic groups.

• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1998

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2014년도 추계학술대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.48-48
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• 2014

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi(AMF) is widespread symbiont forming mutualistic relationship with plant root in terrestrial forest in ecosystem. They provide improved absorption of nutrient and water, and enhance the resistance against plant pathogen or polluted soil, therefore AM fungi are important for survival and maintaining of individual or community of plant. For last decade, many studies about the functional variation of AM fungi on host plant growth response were showed that different geographic isolates, even same species, have different effect on host plant. However, little was known about functional variation of AM fungal isolates originated single population, which provide important insight about intraspecific diversity of AMF and their role in forest ecosystem. In this study, four AM fungal isolates of Rhizophagus clarus were cultured in vitro using transformed carrot (Daucus carota) root and they showed the difference between isolates in ontogenic characteristics such as spore density and hyphal length. The plant growth response by mycorrhizas were measured also. After 20 weeks from inoculation of these isolates to host plants, dry weight, Root:Shoot ratio, colonization rates and N, P concentration of host plant showed host plant was affected differently by AM fungal isolates. This results suggest that AM fungi have high diversity in their functionality in intraspecific level, even in same population.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1986

한국산 퉁가리속 어류의 종간및 종내 집단간의 유전적 근연관계와 변이정도를 알아보기 위하여 남한의 6개 수계의 7개 지역에서 채집된 420개분 표본을 대상으로 전기영동에 의한 유전자분석과 형태비교를 실시하였다. 집단간 유전적 변이정도를 분석한 결과 L. andersoni 3개 집단에서는 P=21.3%, H=0.068이였고 L. mediadiposalis 의 경우는 P=16.3%, H=0.056으로 나타났다. 또 L.andersoni 및 L. mediadiposalis 의 집단간 유전적 평균근연치는 각기 S=0.592, S=0.675이었고 그 중 금강집단이 가장 근연치가 먼 것으로 나타났으며 종간 근연치는 S=0.530이었다. 외부형태형질에 대한 discriminant function analysis를 실시한 결과 L. andersoni 의 금강 집단이 뚜렷하게 구분되어 전기영동결과와 일치함을 보였다. 이상의 결과에서와 같이 종내 집단간에서도 현저한 유전적 차이를 나타내고 었어 같은 수 계안의 집단간에 대하여서도 더욱 자세한 유전적, 형태적 비교분석이 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.811-820
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• 2021

The population variation of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius) according to its major prey abundance was analyzed using monthly catches of coastal set net fisheries in the southern waters off Gyeongsangnam-do and eastern waters off Gyeongsangbuk-do of Korea from 2006 to 2019. The abundance of Spanish mackerel and its prey species fluctuated almost simultaneously with time lags of +2 to -2 months between the set net fisheries in the southern and eastern waters. The generalized additive model revealed that the abundance of Spanish mackerel was influenced by its prey species such as hairtail and anchovy in southern waters, and common mackerel and horse mackerel in eastern waters. The model deviance explained 49% and 42% of Spanish mackerel abundance in southern and eastern waters respectively. These results suggest that the abundance of Spanish mackerel is affected by seasonal migratory prey fish species in the coastal areas and can be linked to their northerly migration.