• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.659-674
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• 2011

Saccharin was reported to cause urinary bladder cancer in male rats when fed at high doses in a two-generation study, which led to a ban on the use of saccharin in Canada. However, no carcinogenic effect has been observed in other animal experiments conducted with mice, hamsters, or monkeys. Furthermore, numerous epidemiological studies have indicated that there was no relationship between saccharin consumption and the risk of bladder cancer in the human population. Sodium saccharin produces urothelial bladder tumors in rats by the formation of a urinary calcium phosphatecontaining precipitate, which is not relevant to humans because of critical interspecies difference in urine composition. Consequently, in 1999 IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) concluded that saccharin and its salts cannot be classified as to their carcinogenicity in humans. In 2010, the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) of the United States removed saccharin from its list of hazardous substances. It is expected that the use of saccharin in foods might be expanded because saccharin is currently considered safe.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2004

In Korea, the apartment buildings have been constructed recently in large quantities to provide housing due to the gravitation of population towards large cities. However, because of this trend toward high-rise apartment, a number of problems are occurred such as the deterioration of comfort in the dwelling environment and the lack of solar access right in apartment buildings. In the building law, the sunshine hour and the minimal separated distance between apartment buildings as regulated as the criteria for the site planning. Most of site planners, however, designed the apartment site only following minimum separated distance. As a result, the problem of sunshine hours lack is caused and legal dispute concerning solar access right is also arisen. The purpose of this study is to improve solar access right regulation and to help site design of apartment planning. Accordingly, we execute empirical analysis based on computer simulation in order to find suitable separated distance between typically designed apartment buildings. First, we estimated sunshine hours according to independent building orientation, height, and length. Second, we calculated sunshine hours in various case of apartment arrangement; parallel type, courtyard type, tower type and etc. with various separated distance.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.169-172
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• 1995

The changes in blood pressure may relate to the alterations of the responsiveness to vasoconstrictors and vasodilators, and these alterations can arise the modifications in the properties of angiotensin II (AII) receptor. In order to examine the changes of AII receptor in the hypertensive mechanism of renin-dependent hypertensive rats (RHRs; two-kidney, one-ligated type), we compared the equilibrium binding characteristics of $[^3H]$All in adrenal cortex and medulla from RHRs and normotensive rats. The dissociation constants of AII binding in both tissues of RHRs were very similar to those in the respective tissue of normotensive rats. However, the maximum binding was increased from 805 to 1050 fmole/mg protein in the adrenal cortex of RHRs, and decreased from 172 to 126 fmole/mg protein in the adrenal medulla of RHRs. These results imply that the up- and down-regulation of the All receptor population on the cell surface of adrenal glands from RHRs are consorted with the elevation of blood pressure and the activation of renin-angiotensin system.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2011

ent years, the change of urban function and the decrease in birth rate have given rise to merge, abolition and relocation of the existing schools. This study explores the possibilities for various land utilizations of relocated school sites, using the trial case of 'A' elementary school in Eun-pyeong gu, Seoul. 'A' elementary school has happened transfer plan due to the urban development project of the redevelopment area, Eun-pyeong gu in Seoul. Firstly, it studies the land use categories and the development methodologies of 7 relocated school sites happened in Seoul. In addition, it analyzes the land utilization after relocation, development principals, area, building usage and changes in land use regulation. Finally, it proposes the commercial exploitation of school site targeting 'A' elementary school site. Throughout the profit analysis, this study concludes that it is available to exploit the relocated school sites by the variety of development methodologies, especially in a metropolis like Seoul.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.460-467
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• 2018

Metaheuristic optimization approach has become the new framework for control synthesis. The main purposes of the control design are command (input) tracking and load (disturbance) regulating. This article proposes an optimal proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller design for the DC motor speed control system with tracking and regulating constrained optimization by using the cuckoo search (CS), one of the most efficient population-based metaheuristic optimization techniques. The sum-squared error between the referent input and the controlled output is set as the objective function to be minimized. The rise time, the maximum overshoot, settling time and steady-state error are set as inequality constraints for tracking purpose, while the regulating time and the maximum overshoot of load regulation are set as inequality constraints for regulating purpose. Results obtained by the CS will be compared with those obtained by the conventional design method named Ziegler-Nichols (Z-N) tuning rules. From simulation results, it was found that the Z-N provides an impractical PID controller with very high gains, whereas the CS gives an optimal PID controller for DC motor speed control system satisfying the preset tracking and regulating constraints. In addition, the simulation results are confirmed by the experimental ones from the DC motor speed control system developed by analog technology.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.165-185
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• 2004

Assessment in Socio-economic items should be used to estimate social influence when policies and projects were introduced. To estimate current situation of socio-economic items 19 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of large scale projects were analyzed. The projects were selected based on magnitude of social impact when the projects were implemented. Environmental Impact Statement was categorized into line projects(road construction, railroad construction, stream development, etc), and surface projects(energy development, wetland reclamation, recreation and sport development, and housing and residential development, etc) thus being chosen for 19 projects in each categories. This report was based on the analysis of 7 items in socio-economic environmental items(i.e., population, residents, industry, public facilities, education, transport and historical monument). Most EIS did not follow the regulation suggested by Ministry of Environment, and only current circumstances were briefly described. Indifference of in-depth analysis of socioeconomic environmental items would influence the process of social and environment impact negatively in the midst of construction of National Projects such as Outer Circle Seoul Highways, Saemankeum Reclamation Projects, etc. This abrupt halt of construction was mostly based on a lack of public hearing or public participation. Socio-economic items are also very much lacking in quantitative method and strengthening socio-economic environmental items is needed via checklist or matrix that brings decision-makers better ideas objectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.391-401
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• 2021

Technological developments facilitate payment transactions. In 2020, Bank Indonesia issued a regulation that supports QR payments using the Indonesian Standard Quick Response Code (QRIS). PT ABC is one of the banks that launched a QR payment feature on mobile banking with QRIS standards to make it easier for customers to make payment transactions at various merchants. In its implementation, the interest of QR payment users still tends to be small, so an analysis of the interests of QR payment users is carried out. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence user interest by using a modified UTAUT model. The UTAUT model was modified by adding variables to perceived trust, perceived risk, perceived regulatory support, and promotional benefits. The population taken is the company's customers in the DKI Jakarta area and it takes 403 samples for this case study. The results of empirical analysis show that 8 out of 12 hypotheses are considered proven where business expectations, social influence, perceived trust, perceived risk, perceptions of regulatory support, promotion benefits, age-moderated performance expectations, and age-moderate effort expectations have a significant effect on behavioral intentions, while performance expectations, facilitation conditions, business expectations are moderated by experience and social influence.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2019

Two-component systems (TCSs) are critical to the pathogenesis of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). We mutated 55 of 62 genes annotated as responsive regulators (RRs) of TCSs in the genome of Xoo strain PXO99A and identified 9 genes involved in Xoo virulence. Four (rpfG, hrpG, stoS, and detR) of the 9 genes were previously reported as key regulators of Xoo virulence and the other 5 have not been characterized. Lesion lengths on rice leaves inoculated with the mutants were shorter than those of the wild type and were significantly restored with gene complementation. The population density of the 5 mutants in planta was smaller than that of PXO99A at 14 days after inoculation, but the growth curves of the mutants in rich medium were similar to those of the wild type. These newly reported RR genes will facilitate studies on the function of TCSs and of the integrated regulation of TCSs for Xoo pathogenesis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권8_spc호
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• pp.1219-1232
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• 2019

The global goat population continues to grow and is now over one billion. The number of goats raised primarily for milk production is also growing, due to expanding demand. Most of the world dairy goat production and consumption is in Asia, but a global view of the dairy goat sector reveals important lessons about building successful modern dairy goat industries. The most organized market for goat milk is found in Europe, especially in France. The European goat sector is specialized for milk production, mostly for industrial cheesemaking, while also supporting traditional on-farm manufacturing. Government involvement is significant in sanitary regulation, research, extension, support for local producer organizations, and markets, and ensures safety and quality. Nonetheless, producers are still vulnerable to market fluctuations. New dairy goat industries are developing in countries without a long goat milk tradition, such as China, the United States, and New Zealand, due to rising consumer demand, strong prices, and climate change. The mix of policies, management and markets varies widely, but regardless of the country, the dairy goat sector thrives when producers have access to markets, and the tools and skills to sustainably manage their livestock and natural resources. These are most readily achieved through strong and inclusive producer organizations, access to technical services, and policies that enable the poor and marginalized groups to benefit from increasing demand.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2019

The environmental pollution which is global warming and abnormal climate is caused by increasing population and activated economics. To reduce environmental pollution, we have being efforts into reducing $CO_2$ emission and use of energy, resources. Especially, for the sake of light weight and fuel efficiency of automotive industry, many countries have defined the restrict environmental regulation which stipulate high magnitude of reducing $CO_2$ emission. In this study, we have predicted the problem of Mu-cell injection molding through the finite element analysis as a function of temperature controlled by Joule heating or in terms of mold temperature. From the result of finite element analysis, we have determined the optimized process and made the injection mold included electric current heating system with Mu-cell manufacturing. Lastly, we analyzed the surface characteristics of the injection products with mold temperature.