• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2013

The concentration of organic compounds was analyzed at each step of BAC process though $BDOC_{total/rapid/slow}$. Further, bacteria communities and biomass concentrations measured FISH and ATP methods were analyzed. The bed volume (BV) of steady state is different from that of based on assessment of organic compounds removal. Bed volumes in DOC, $BDOC_{rapid}$ and $BDOC_{total/slow}$ removal at steady state were around 27,500 (185.8 day), 15,000 (101.4 day) and 32,000 (216.2 day), respectively. A biomass didn't change after the bed volume reached 22,500 (152.0 day) according to analyzing ATP concentration of bacteria. The concentration of ATP was 2.14 ${\mu}g/g$ in BV 22,500 (152.0 day). The total bacterial number was $4.01{\pm}0.4{\times}10^7$ cells/g at the bed volume 1,150 (7.8 day) (the initial operation) and the number of bacteria was $9.27{\pm}0.2{\times}10^9$ at the bed volume 58,560 395.7 day) that increased more than 200 times. Bacterial uptrend was reduced and bacterial communities were stabilized since BV 18,720 (126.5 day). When BV were 1,150 (7.8 day), 8,916 (60.2 day), 18,720 (126.5 day), 31,005 (209.5 day), 49,632 (335.3 day), 58,560 (395.7 day), a proportion of total bacteria for the Eubacteria were 60.1%, 66.0%, 78.4%, 82.0%, 81.3% respectively. ${\gamma}$-Proteobacteria group was the most population throughout the entire range. The correlation coefficient ($r^2$) between Eubacteria biomass and ATP concentration was 0.9448.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

본 연구는 항만과 도시기능이 충돌하는 현상을 보이는 인천의 사례를 통하여 항만과 도시기능의 연계 방안을 도출하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 연구의 분석방법으로 다차원 척도분석을 사용하였으며, 유사성을 갖는 항만도시로 그룹핑 하기 위하여 총 5개 지표(컨테이너 물동량, 인구수, 도시면적, 정기취항 선사 수, RCI[Relative Concentration Index])를 사용하였다. 연구대상은 Containerisation International Yearbook (2010)을 통하여 제시된 18개 아시아 항만도시를 연구대상으로 선정하였다. 분석 결과, 동종 항만도시 군내에 연계지수인 RCI가 인천보다 상회하는 요코하마를 벤치마킹 대상으로 선정하였다. 요코하마는 인천에 비해 항만배후단지의 활용 측면에서 다양하며 '미나토미라이 21'과 같은 항만과 도시의 일관된 정책 사례를 펼쳐 항만과 도시기능의 연계성을 높인 것으로 파악되었다.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-64
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• 2016

What government does/fails to do is conveyed to the public largely by records and information of various types in the public service, without which there will be no government. When records are poorly managed, much time is involved in sorting and locating needed information from large volumes of records. The rate of records misplaced or lost from which useful information for decision making is usually obtained makes it difficult to provide concise and up-to-date records of both past and present operations, raising the challenge of effective record-keeping. Thus this study examined records management practices in selected local government councils in Ogun State, Nigeria, adopting the descriptive survey research method using questionnaires for data collection. Its population comprised 415 records of personnel in the selected councils, of which 208 were sampled using simple random technique. From the 208 copies of the questionnaire administered on the registry personnel, 150 copies were useable, with a 72.12% response rate. Descriptive statistics were used for the analysis. The results indicated a prevalence of paper as the dominant medium for recording/conveying information in the councils with most of these being either in active state, semi-active, and vital and were kept and maintained in the registry, while in-active records were kept in the records store. Storage facilities for record-keeping were insufficient. Security measures against unauthorized access to records were by restrictions and subject users to managerial clearance. The study concluded that council records were in chaos and recommended the formulation of coherent records management policy, adequate budgetary provision, and adequate finance.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.989-1009
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• 2018

Rapid advances in science and technology with exponential development of smart mobile devices, workstations, supercomputers, smart gadgets and network servers has been witnessed over the past few years. The sudden increase in the Internet population and manifold growth in internet speeds has occasioned the generation of an enormous amount of data, now termed 'big data'. Given this scenario, storage of data on local servers or a personal computer is an issue, which can be resolved by utilizing cloud computing. At present, there are several cloud computing service providers available to resolve the big data issues. This paper establishes a framework that builds Hadoop clusters on the new single-board computer (SBC) Mobile Raspberry Pi. Moreover, these clusters offer facilities for storage as well as computing. Besides the fact that the regular data centers require large amounts of energy for operation, they also need cooling equipment and occupy prime real estate. However, this energy consumption scenario and the physical space constraints can be solved by employing a Mobile Raspberry Pi with Hadoop clusters that provides a cost-effective, low-power, high-speed solution along with micro-data center support for big data. Hadoop provides the required modules for the distributed processing of big data by deploying map-reduce programming approaches. In this work, the performance of SBC clusters and a single computer were compared. It can be observed from the experimental data that the SBC clusters exemplify superior performance to a single computer, by around 20%. Furthermore, the cluster processing speed for large volumes of data can be enhanced by escalating the number of SBC nodes. Data storage is accomplished by using a Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), which offers more flexibility and greater scalability than a single computer system.

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.448-456
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• 2019

1890년대부터 1900년대에 걸쳐서 일본은 여러 차례 조선의 바다를 조사하였다. 그 조사결과물로는 "조선통어사정"(1893) "조선국원산출장복명서"(1895) "조선수로지"(1894) "조선어업협회순라보고"(1898~1900) "한해통어지침"(1903) "한국수산지"(1908~1911)를 들 수 있다. 비록 이러한 조사들이 100년 이전에 이루어진 것이지만, 당시 조선의 어업 상황은 물론이고 연해지역 주민들의 생활상을 소상히 들여다볼 수 있는 자료이다. 특히 "한국수산지"는 전 4권에 이르는 방대한 분량으로, 연해의 수산물을 비롯하여 조선의 역사와 문화와 관련된 내용도 적지 않다. 특히 연해 마을의 인구, 어업에 종사하는 사람의 수, 어선과 그물 수까지 파악하고 있다. 수산학 발전이라는 관점에서 보면, 이미 린네 이후의 근대적인 수산물 분류법이 적용되고 있으며, 당시의 분류는 현재의 분류와 다른 점도 적지 않아서 동식물 분류학의 관점에서도 흥미로운 자료라고 할 수 있다.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.700-706
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• 2009

Bridges are vital components of any road network which demand crucial and timely decision-making for Maintenance, Repair and Rehabilitation (MR&R) activities. Bridge Management Systems (BMSs) as a decision support system (DSS), have been developed since the early 1990's to assist in the management of a large bridge network. Historical condition ratings obtained from biennial bridge inspections are major resources for predicting future bridge deteriorations via BMSs. Available historical condition ratings in most bridge agencies, however, are very limited, and thus posing a major barrier for obtaining reliable future structural performances. To alleviate this problem, the verified Backward Prediction Model (BPM) technique has been developed to help generate missing historical condition ratings. This is achieved through establishing the correlation between known condition ratings and such non-bridge factors as climate and environmental conditions, traffic volumes and population growth. Such correlations can then be used to obtain the bridge condition ratings of the missing years. With the help of these generated datasets, the currently available bridge deterioration model can be utilized to more reliably forecast future bridge conditions. In this paper, the prediction accuracy based on 4 and 9 BPM-generated historical condition ratings as input data are compared, using deterministic and stochastic bridge deterioration models. The comparison outcomes indicate that the prediction error decreases as more historical condition ratings obtained. This implies that the BPM can be utilised to generate unavailable historical data, which is crucial for bridge deterioration models to achieve more accurate prediction results. Nevertheless, there are considerable limitations in the existing bridge deterioration models. Thus, further research is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of bridge deterioration models.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.420-430
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• 2023

Background: This study provides an update to a landmark 2004 report describing demographics, training, and trends in adherence to thoracic surgery practice standards in Canada. Methods: An updated questionnaire was administered to all members of the Canadian Association of Thoracic Surgeons via email (n=142, compared to n=68 in 2004). Our report incorporates internal data from Ontario Health and the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer. Results: Forty-eight surgeons completed the survey (male, 70.8%; mean±standard deviation age, 50.3±9.3 years). This represents a 33.8% response rate, compared to 64.7% in 2004. Most surgeons (69%) served a patient population of over 1 million per center; 32%-34% reported an on-call ratio of 1:4-1:5 days, and the average weekly hours worked was 56.4±11.9. Greater access to dedicated geographic units per center (73% in 2021 vs. 53% in 2004) has improved thoracic-associated services and house staff, notably endoscopy units (100% vs. 91%), with 73% of respondents having access to both endobronchial and endoscopic ultrasound. Access to thoracic radiology has also improved, particularly regarding positron emission tomography scanners per center (76.9% vs. 13%). Annual case volumes for lung (255 vs. 128), esophageal (41 vs. 19), and mediastinal resections (30 vs. 13), along with hiatal hernia repair (45 vs. 20), have increased substantially despite reports of operating room availability and radiology as rate-limiting steps. Conclusion: This survey characterizes compliance with current practice standards, addressing the needs of thoracic surgeons across Canada. Over 85% of respondents were aware of the 2004 compliance paper, and 35% had applied for resources and equipment in response.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1045-1051
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• 1996

전해 산화수의 식품가공 분야에의 이용가능성을 확인하고자 미생물에 대한 실험적 살균 효과와 배추, 양배추, 케일 및 상치를 대상으로 표면살균 효과를 검토하였다. 전해 산화수는 제조 초기에 산화환원전위 1,100mV-1,200mv를 나타냈으며, 실온에 16일 방치할 경우 1,000 mV, 30일 방치할 경우 600 mV 수준으로 감소되었다. 시험관 내에서 전해 산화수 처리 시간에 따른 미생물 살균 효과는, E. coli는 20분, S. aureus와 S. cerevisiae는 10분, 그리고 S. typhi는 40분 처리하면 완전히 사멸하는 것으로 나타났으나 B. cereus는 전해 산화수 처리 60분 후에도 일부 생존하고 있어 미생물 종류에 따라 살균 효과가 다른 것으로 나타났다. 배추, 양배추, 케일 및 상치와 같은 채소의 종류에 따른 전해 산화수의 표면살균 효과를 검토하고자 이들 채소류를 수도수 및 전해 산화수에 각각 60분까지 침지하여 침지시간에 따른 잔존 미생물수를 측정하였다. 수도수를 대조구로하여 60분까지 침지하였을 경우 배추, 양배추, 케일 및 상치는 모두 초기의 총균수와 대장균군수를 유지하고 있었으나 전해 산화수를 처리하면 채소의 종류에 따라 약간 다르지만 전반적으로 살균 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 즉 전해 산화수를 처리하였을 경우, 배추는 침지 60분 후 초기 총균수의 96% 이상이 감소되었으며 대장균군수는 침지 50분 후부터는 검출되지 않았다. 양배추는 침지 60분 후 초기 총균수의 99% 이상이 감소되었고, 대장균군은 검출되지 않았다. 케일은 침지 60분 후 초기 총균수의 97% 이상이 감소되었고, 대장균군수는 침지 30분 후에는 검출되지 않았다. 한편 상치는 침지 60분 후 초기 총균수의 90%이상이 감소되었고, 대장균군수는 98% 수준이 감소되었지만 배추, 양배추, 케일의 경우와는 달리 완전 사멸하지 않는 것으로나타났다. 이상의 결과는 식품의 종류 및 미생물 종류에 따라 전해 산화수의 살균 효과에 약간의 차이가 있음을 보임과 동시에 식품가공에서의 제균 매체로 그 이용 가능성이 높음을 시사하고 있다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.40-57
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 光州를 중심으로 발생하는 人口流動의 특성에 관하여 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 生殘準法에 의한 이동 및 주거지 이동의 永久的 移動과 고속버스여객의 이동 및 환자의 受診移動의 一時的 移動으로 구분하였다. 分析結果, 1986-1990년 광주시 전출입의 양상은 전남이 규모상 탁월하지만 移動空間이 전국적으로 확산되고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 그리고 1980-1985년 센서스의 생잔율법에 의한 純移動의 분석과 광주시 5개 洞의 표본조사 결과에서는 移動因子로서 敎育因子와 移住者의 距離認知가 중요한 因子로 작용한다는 사실이 판명되었다. 한편, 1日移動의 분석결과, 週末과 休日에는 방문이동이 많고 連休에는 일시적 귀환이동이 탁월하게 나타났다. 환자의 수진이동은 생활환경의 변화에 따라 큰 폭으로 증가하고 있으며, 이런 현상은 광양, 여천의 공업지역에서 현저하게 나타나고 있다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

King of Jujeong(周定王) named Jusuk(朱橚) was thought to be an exemplary character as a scholar and a politician, who was not an Oriental medical doctor but a compiler publishing a set of three medical books and a set of volumes on famine relief to save people in the areas of natural disasters or spring poverty. He was born on July 1, 1361 as the fifth son of Juwonjang(朱元璋), the first Emperor (1368-1398) of the Myeong-dynasty (1368-1644) of China. It was not clearly known about his mother other than assuming, but hard to ascertain, that she was from Goryeo, the ancient country in the Korean Peninsula, and became a loyal concubine of Juwonjang(朱元璋). He was the brother of Yeongrakje(永樂帝), the third Emperor(1402-1424) of the Myeong-dynasty. As a focal figure in the political forces at that time in the Myeong-dynasty, he had a life full of vicissitudes such as being removed from office, being exiled to a remote place, being scattered far and wide between family members, being implicated in the rebellion and so on. It seemed that he brushed up on his study, taking a class on an emir until the year of 1380 at the age of twenty. And he published "Bosaeng-yeorok(保生餘錄)" and "Bojebang(普濟方)" for eight years from 1381 to 1389 (at age 21-29), "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1391 (at 31), and "Guhwangboncho(救荒本草)" in 1406 (at 46), republishing "Sujinbang(袖珍方)" in 1415 (at 65). Endowed with a brilliant talent from early days, Yeong-rakje(永樂帝) wrote the poem(the poem paying a high tribute to a King) well and composed one hundred pieces of poetry on the story of the Won Dynasty (1271-1368) of China. He leaded a quiet life in his later years and died a natural death at Gaebong(開封, a city in China) at 65 in 1425. He had 15 sons including king of Juheon(朱憲王) Yudon(有敦) and 11 daughters. His books contributed absolutely to the growth of Oriental medical field, and also to the increase in population, having influence on bringing about compilation of the books on Oriental medicine and famine relief of the Joseon Dynasty (the old Korean kingdom from AD 1392 to 1910).