• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.23-34
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• 1980

The method of principal component analysis is originated by K. Pearson, who considered this as geometrical method Principal component analysis is the most elementary method, and this means that the information having various type of characteristics which have been correlated among themselves, are summarized by orthogonal transformations of characteristics. I: Even though we have different result whether this method is applied to homogeneous population or not. In this research we should deal with the case of homogeneous population only. II: On the other hand, we can have different result whether we start from covariance matrix or matrix of correlation- coefficients. In this research we are studying based on covariance matrix.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제40권3_4호
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• pp.393-407
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• 2022

In this paper, a diffusive predator-prey system with Beddington DeAngelis functional response and the modified Leslie-Gower type predator dynamics when a prey population is infected is considered. The predator is assumed to predate both the susceptible prey and infected prey following the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response and Holling type II functional response, respectively. The predator follows the modified Leslie-Gower predator dynamics. Both the prey, susceptible and infected, and predator are assumed to be distributed in-homogeneous in space. A reaction-diffusion equation with Neumann boundary conditions is considered to capture the dynamics of the prey and predator population. The global attractor and persistence properties of the system are studied. The priori estimates of the non-constant positive steady state of the system are obtained. The existence of non-constant positive steady state of the system is investigated by the use of Leray-Schauder Theorem. The existence of non-constant positive steady state of the system, with large diffusivity, guarantees for the occurrence of interesting Turing patterns.

• 천문학회보
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.38.1-38.1
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• 2013

We present the Yonsei evolutionary population synthesis (YEPS) models based on the high-resolution empirical spectral energy distributions (SEDs). We have adopted the MILES library in the optical wavelength, and our new models based on the MILES library show good agreements with our previous models presented in the YEPS I. The effect of hot horizontal-branch (HB) stars on the integrated properties of simple stellar populations (SSPs) is again confirmed by our models based on empirical SEDs. In addition, we have extended our empirical models to the near-IR wavelength and predicted the strengths of the calcium II triplet (CaT) and the Paschen triplet (PaT) based on the INDO-US and the Cenarro library. We find that the effect of HB stars and the age of SSPs on the CaT is almost negligible. On the other hands, the PaT models are very sensitive to the existence of hot stars, e.g., HB stars and young turn-off stars, and show very similar results with Balmer lines. Interestingly, the CaT distribution of GCs in NGC 1407, which is at odds with the optical (B-I) color distribution, can be explained by the unique feature of the CaT-[Fe/H] relations that show almost the same equivalent widths in the metal-rich regime. We will also discuss the impact of the second-generation populations on the strength of the CaT.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1994

Levels of genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and gene flow in Hosta yingeri, a herbaceous perennial endemic to Taehuksan, Sohuksan, and Hong Islands, were investigated. Starch gel electrophoresis was conducted on leaves for 101 plants collected from three populations. Although the distribution of thespecies is restricted in the islands, it maintains high levels of genetic variatin; 64% of polymorphic loci in at least one population (Ps), the mean number of alleles per locus (Ap) of 1.92, and the mean effective number of alleles per locus (Aep) of 1.52. Overall, mean genetic diversity (Hep=0.250) was substantially higher than mean estimate for species with very similarlife history traits (0.102). Large populaton size, the persistence of multiple generations within populations, high fecundity, predominantly outcrossing breeding system, large size of pollinator visitation areas may be explanatory factors contributing the higher level of genetic diversity maintained within populations. Analysis of fixation indices showed an overall slight excess of heterozygotes (mean FIS=-0.066) relative to Hardy-Weinberg expectations, which may in part be due to the near self-incompatible breeding system in the species. Significant differences in allele frequencies among populaitns were found for 14 out of 16 polymorphic loci (P<0.05). Slightly more than 80% of the total variation in the species was common to all populations (GST=0.198). As expected, indirect estimate of the number of migrants per generation (Nm=0.45, calculated from mean GST) and nine private alleles found in the three populations indicate that gene movement among three isolated island populations was low.

• 기술사
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-50
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• 1982

Following rapid industrial development and urbanization in Korea, there is a need for the Government to implement effective control of pollution and to undertake specific schemes in areas where pollution of the environment is severe. In response to this need, Government of Korea prepare Han River Basin Environmental Master Plan Project for water, air, solid waste to cover environmental protection of the Han River Basin. The Project area is approximately 27,000 sq. Km extending over Seoul, Kyunggi, Kwangwon, Chungbuk Province. The total population of Master Plan Project area is approximately 11.6 million, or one-third of the total population of Korea. There are about 8,000 industries, including those located in 16 industrial complexes, in the project area. The scope of work and terms of reference are the following: (1) A Summary of existing land use and forecasts for changes in land use by the year 2,000. (2) Emission inventories for air, waste water, and solid wastes. (3) Forecasts of future population growth patterns and pollution loadings. (4) Identification of specific projects needs to reduce pollution levels and satisfy the environmental quality standards. (5) A Program of enforcement to include (i) self monitoring, and (ii) governmental inspections and surveillance. (6) A program for quality improvement and quality assurance of environmental measurements. (7) Reports summarizing all data collected analyzed during the study. (8) Conceptual design and feasibility studies, including cost estimates, for needed pollution control projects. (9) A financial plan for future detailed design and construction of public facilities, for financial incentives to industry, and for user charges for industrial use of public treatment of disposal works.

• BMB Reports
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.251-254
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• 2002

The genetic factors that contribute to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) are poorly understood. It is likely that multiple genes that act independently or synergistically contribute to the development of CAD and the outcome. Recently, an insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the human angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a major component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), was identified. The association of the ACE gene D allele with essential hypertension and CAD has been reported in the African-American, Chinese, and Japanese populations. However, other studies have failed to detect such an association. It has been suggested that these inconsistencies may be due to the difference in backgrounds of the population characteristics. In the present study, we investigated the I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene in 103 subjects of both sexes, consisting of 59 normal controls and 44 patients with hypertension. The allele and genotype frequency were significantly different between the hypertensive and control groups (p < 0.01). Among the three ACE I/D variants, the DD genotype was associated with the highest value of the mean systolic blood pressure [SBP] and mean diastolic blood pressure [DBP] (p = < 0.05) in men, but not in women. In the overall population, the mean SBP and DBP was highest in DD subjects, intermediate in I/D subjects, and the least in II subjects.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.459-466
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• 2007

The Korean Musk deer (Moschus Moschiferus) is endangered due to heavy hunting and Massive destructions of natural habitat. They are included in CITES appendix II. In addition they are designated as a precious natural product in 1968 and listed as endangered species by the Government and Cultural Heritage Administration. At present, the number of musk deer in Korea is smaller than minimum viable population. Without increment of the population size, natural restoration is impossible. It is necessary to develop the artificial growth and re-enforcement methods in order to conservation Korean musk deer. Furthermore, It is necessary to ensure that we have an adequate individual group for artificial growth and re-enforcement. To ensure that we have an adequate individual group, it is necessary to know ecology of musk deer. This study is conducted to confirm and investigate of habitat of musk deer in order to capture individual musk deer. we investigated, confirmed habitats, found traces and captured using trap and decoy. Captured musk deer is male and 5.5 kg, this have canine tooth of 1.5cm, is estimated 15 months old. After capture, we measured each parts of body and tested to research of parasite infection. Strongyloides papillous was founded in the feces. It is essential to get healthy individual and establish of artificial growth technique.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Genomic DNA (gDNA) set apart from two populations of Korean Charybdis crab (Charybdis japonica) was augmented by PCR experiments. The five oligonucleotides primers (ONT-primers) were spent to yield the number of unique loci shared to each crab population (ULSECP) and number of loci shared by the two crab populations (LSTCP). 305 fragments (FRAGs) were identified in the Charybdis crab population A (CCPA), and 344 in the Charybdis crab population B (CCPB): 44 number of ULSECP (14.43%) in the CCPA and 110 (31.98%) in the CCPB. 44 number of LSTCP, with an average of 8.8 per primer, were detected in the two crab populations. The bandsharing (BS) value between entity's no. 01 and no. 10 was the lowest (0.371) between the two CCPs. The average bandsharing (ABS) values of individuals in the CCPA (0.575±0.014) were lesser than in those originated from the CCPB (0.705±0.011) (p < 0.05). The polar hierarchical dendrogram (PHD) achieved by the five ONT-primers denotes three genetic clusters (GCs): cluster I (CHARYBCRAB 01, 04, 05, 06, and 08), cluster II (CHARYBCRAB 02, 03, 07, 09, 10, and 11) and cluster III (CHARYBCRAB 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22). The shortest genetic distance (GD) displaying significant molecular difference (MD) was between individuals CHARYBCRAB no. 18 and CHARYBCRAB no. 17 (0.055).

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.2480-2488
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• 2024

Pakistan is a developing country whose maximum amount of mixed energy is provided by electricity, oil, coal, and gas. The study objective is to analyze the six major social factors to describe the significance of nuclear energy and CO₂ emissions at the decisive point coming from income, trade, energy, and urbanization. This study has tried to analyze the impact of different factors (i.e., fossil energy, GDP per capita, overall population, urban population, and merchandise trade) on Pakistan's CO₂ emissions using the extended STRIPAT model from 1986 to 2021. Ridge regression has been applied to analyze the parameters due to the multicollinearity problem in the data. The results show that (i) all the factors show significant results on carbon emissions; (ii) population and energy factors are the huge contributors to raising CO₂ emissions by 0.15% and 0.16%; however, merchandise and GDP per capita are the least contributing factors by 0.12% and 0.13% due to import/export and income level in Pakistan, and (iii) nuclear energy and substitute overall show a prominent and growing impact on CO₂ emissions by 0.16% and 0.15% in Pakistan. Finally, empirical results have wider applications for energy-saving, energy substitution, capital investment, and CO₂ emissions mitigation policies in developing countries. Moreover, by investigating renewable energy technologies and renewable energy sources, insights are provided on future CO₂ emissions reduction.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2022

Background and Objectives: Difficulties often encountered in separating and purifying active muscle satellite cells (MSCs) from skeletal muscle tissues have limited the supply of cells for muscle therapy and artificial meat production. Here, we report an effective isolation protocol to economically and conveniently retrieve active MSCs from skeletal muscle tissues in mice. Methods and Results: We optimized an enzyme-based tissue digestion protocol for isolating skeletal muscle-derived primary cell population having a large number of active MSCs and described a method of differential plating (DP) for improving purity of active MSCs from skeletal muscle-derived primary cell population. Then, the age of the mouse appropriate to the isolation of a large number of active MSCs was elucidated. The best isolation yield of active MSCs from mouse skeletal muscle tissues was induced by the application of DP method to the primary cell population harvested from skeletal muscle tissues of 2-week-old mice digested in 0.2% (w/v) collagenase type II for 30 min at 37℃ and then in 0.1% (w/v) pronase for 5 min at 37℃. Conclusions: The protocol we developed not only facilitates the isolation of MSCs but also maximizes the retrieval of active MSCs. Our expectation is that this protocol will contribute to the development of original technologies essential for muscle therapy and artificial meat industrialization in the future.