• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.31-36
• /
• 2008

Larvae of the long-tailed clawed salamander, Onychodactylus fischeri, have a relatively long larval period, spending a year or more within the stream where they hatch; therefore, a well-established larval population could be critical for the conservation of adult populations. To study the population dynamics of long-tailed clawed salamander larvae, we surveyed a field population once or twice a month from September, 2005 to June, 2006, and determined the age of larval clawed salamanders collected from three different populations in October, 2004 using skeletochronology. The age of long-tailed clawed salamander larvae ranged from 0 to 3 years. New recruitment of larvae in the population primarily occurred in November, 2005, and mid-March, 2006. Larvae with a snout-vent length of more than 30 mm disappeared from the streams in September, 2005, suggesting that two to three year-old clawed salamander larvae metamorphosed during this period.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.2528-2534
• /
• 2011

This paper investigates the relationship between the change of age structure of population and the efficiency of education investment, using cross-section of 106 countries. Based on the existing theoretical arguments, we establish a hypothesis concerning the relationship between age structure and education investment efficiency. The regression results suggest that a country's with a higher ratio of young age to total population results in a lower level of the efficiency of education investment. However, there exists a positive and significant relationship between the ratio of old age to total population and the efficiency of education investment. Therefore, it does suggest that countries experiencing reducing in fertility rate and increasing in expected longevity, such as Korea, not only should be maximized the education efficiency but also contrived for the institutional system for maximization the efficiency of education performance.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2009

Population viability analysis of a Gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica) population at Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, in South Korea was conducted and we proposed several suggestions for effective conservation and re-introduction of the species. Simulating a developed model over 1,000 times predicted that the population will exist over 30 years with a relatively low growth rate of 0.113, but with a high probability of extinction as 81.1%. Population growth and extinction probability were the most greatly depended on the rate of successful metamorphosis. In the case of outbreak of amphibian diseases such as Chytridiomycosis and Ranavirus, the population will be easily extinct within 4 years with 100% probability. In a habitat of which carrying capacity is 200, to successfully re-introduce an extinct population, it is initially needed to put 100 individuals of which 83% is males and its age structure is normal-distributed. If we additionally conducts artificial supplementation of 10% individuals every 2 years from 4 years to 10 years after initial reintroduction, the population will become a stable with 0.297 growth rate and 0.290 extinction rate. Our results are the first case of amphibian population viability analysis in Korea and could be used to develop effective conservation and re-introduction plans for endangered Gold-spotted pond frog.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.13-26
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to investigate community health status and related factors using community health and social indicators. Method: Data sources were reviewed and data for 10 categories, 75 indicators were collected. Community health status and health-related factors were categorized, and the means and standard deviation of individual indicators were obtained and standardized scores were calculated. In addition, through factor analysis of individual indicators by category using the scores and using the resultant factor coefficients as weights, indexes were calculated by area. Correlation and regression were analyzed. Result: Each indicator was highly correlated with each index, and the indexes were highly correlated with one another. Correlation coefficients were above 0.8 between community health index and population, education, housing, and economy, between population and education, housing and economy, between education and housing and economy, and between housing and economy, environment and industry. But multicollinearity was not found in the result. Significant factors on community health index were population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy, and R-square were 92.4%. Conclusion: Health determinants such as population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy could be influencing factors on community health in community level. These results showed the importance of intersectoral collaboration within a local government. Overall community health can be enhanced by intersectoral collaboration.

• Animal cells and systems
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.255-259
• /
• 2003

Mutations in the factor Ⅴ gene are major risk markers for venous thrombosis. Several factors for blood coagulation have been related with cardiovascular disease. Ⅰ investigated genotype distribution for three mutations (G1691 A, A2379G and G2391 A) of the factor Ⅴ gene in the Korean population. Genotype frequencies were examined by polymerase chain reaction in 135 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and 116 healthy subjects. For the G1691A mutation (factor Ⅴ

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.31-40
• /
• 2015

This study explored the trend of higher education policy according to the change of productive populations. This study analyzes current problem on higher education policy and suggests direction of higher education policy according to decrease in productive population, focusing on the change in productive populations and related social changes. The major directions of higher education policy are enhancing competitiveness of universities, managing university enrollment quota, and activating education - industry links. This study suggests twelve detailed - policies based on the three major directions of higher education policy.

• Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2001.04a
• /
• pp.18-18
• /
• 2001

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.97-107
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the study was to ascertain the trends of future circumstances in primary education along with population change. These trends, which are subject to change in population and structure, have a great impact on the size and characteristics of primary school-aged children. Accordingly, it is imperative for the government to plan for future conditions involving primary education. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. In the long-term primary school children aged 6-11, which accounted for 17.7% of the total population in 1970, will decline to 8.6% by the year 2000, 6.9% in 2020 and 6.4% in 2030. This drastic reduction in fertility rate is a direct result of pressure by the government to control population. 2. In 1996, the total number of classes in primary schools rose to 106,594. In the future, these numbers will actually decline. By 2003 the total number of classes will peak at 142,605, but until then drop off to 112,288 by 2030-a decrease of over 6,000. 3. The actual number of primary schools in 1997 totaled 5,721. This figure will reach its highest peak, 5,942, in 2003, but it is expected decrease later after declining by 1,263, it will bottom out at 4,679 in 2003. 4. The number of teachers at primary schools increased from 101,095 in 1970, 119, 064 in 1980, 136,800 in 1990 to 138,369 in 1995. Accordingly this means that the ratio of students to teaching staff changed for the better. By the year 2005, if teachers of specialty subjects (music, art, English, physical education) are assigned to every primary school with over 18 classrooms and the number of students per class is 30, it should improve educational surroundings. This is because it is expected that the population of primary school children will continue to grow until 2003 and then decrease. Thus, there is a need to maintain the number of primary school teachers between the years 2003 and 2030 so that the ratio of students to teachers will be reduced to 1/20.25. In considering factors related to migration which influence conditions of education, it is evident that changes have already begun. In the suburbs of Seoul, population shifts are causing overcrowding in classrooms. The government believes it would be inefficient to invest in education because fluctuating migration figures make it impossible. Accordingly, we have to be concerned about stabilizing the population throughout the entire country.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.57-62
• /
• 2007

To obtain demographic information on threatened gold-spotted pond frog (Rana chosenica Okada, 1931) populations, we determined the ages of 45 male and 13 female frogs (20 males and 9 females from Cheongwon and 25 males and 4 females from Tae-an) and compared the age structures and growth patterns of the two populations in 2006. The snout-vent length (SVL) and body weight of female frogs were greater than those of male frogs in both populations. Male frogs' ages ranged 2 to 7 years old and females' ages ranged 3 to 6 years old. In both populations, 4 years old male frogs were the most abundant age-sex class. The age structures of the two populations were significantly different and the growth coefficients of male frogs from the Cheongwon population were greater than those from the Tae-an population. The mean age of males from the Tae-an population was higher than that from the Cheongwon population. However, the SVL and body weights of male frogs were not different between two populations and there was no difference between the two populations in the mean male SVL at any age. The results could increase our understanding of the life-history of this threatened frog and may be useful in conservation planning.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
• /
• v.19 no.4 s.24
• /
• pp.805-822
• /
• 2005

In Korea, many local university mathematics faculty knew that the institution faced serious student shortage problems and the restructuring and cut actions for such a mathematics major programs. In general, undergraduate mathematics education in korea is in the crisis. In general, lots of mathematics departments in korea was not prepared for such a severe risk. In this article, university mathematics education and research business are studied in the context of the size of korea-usa population, economy(such as GDP), SCI indices. Korea-usa university mathematics education profile data are presented to compare korea-usa university mathematics education business. Lots of precious data on mathematics education are being helped to prepare for the university mathematics education crisis.