• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.73-88
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• 2008

The media culture influences upon young people while introducing new cultures by every hour. Considering the mainstream culture, in which media has the greatest effect on young people, this article examines the symbolic significances of youth fashion through media culture. The results of this study can be summarized as the following: First, young people's popular culture ("pop culture") is becoming the medium that leads to the creation of similar cultures of the young people globally through various routes. Culture is being created by integration of diverse media, and not by what is seen through a single medium. Typical young people's culture, which is formed due to the influence of media culture, includes community culture, pun culture, virtual culture and fandom culture. Second, in order to examine youth fashion that is seen in those media, the survey has been conducted on media stars, tecktonik dance groups, fashion models, avatars and online communities, which are fashion icons influencing young people. Third, youth fashion, which has been formed centering on media culture, has the flexible property that varies the symbolic significance according to which culture becomes the main axis. The symbolic significance in fashion, which is seen on media culture young people are contacting, has been examined in the aspects of value orientation, diversity orientation, speed orientation and digital orientation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2000

This paper focuses on the sports look expressed in 20th century fashion. It is Age of Sport just as rock'n roll became dominant cultural form of the 1960's and 1970's . In the 1990's the sportsware is fashion. Designers gazing into the future are inspired by the details and functionality of clothing for snow boarding , skiing , motorbike racing and fitness. No doubt fashion in 2000 will also be full of references to it. Since the late 1960's the sportswear that was originally a term for clothing worn for various sports activities in the 1890's has changed and is now considered as fashion for day as well as evening. This has occurred primarily in the U.S. due to the adoption of less formal lifestyles by Americans. while the sportwear is the term which stemmed from the need for functionality in sports, sports look is the style inspired by the formative elements, that is, the details, the shilhouette, and the colors of the sportswear. New technologies for sports, the powerful influence of youthful culture, and the celebritizations of the sports stars made the sports look much hipper and more popular. It can be categoried into three aesthetic values, I. e., the functional sports look,, purism and no useless ornament, the street sports look with fun, androgynous and unisex mode and the mix and match of different texture and colors, and the futuristic sports look with new high tech fabrics and avant-garde style.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.44.3-44.3
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• 2019

Massive stars, supernovae, and kilonovae are among the most luminous radiation sources in the universe. Observations usually show near- to mid-infrared (NIR-MIR, 1-5~micron) emission excess from H II regions around young massive star clusters (YMSCs) and anomalous dust extinction and polarization towards Type Ia supernova (SNe Ia). The popular explanation for such NIR-MIR excess and unusual dust properties is the predominance of small grains (size a<0.05micron) relative to large grains (a>0.1micron) in the local environment of these strong radiation sources. The question of why small grains are predominant in these environments remains a mystery. Here we report a new mechanism of dust destruction based on centrifugal stress within extremely fast rotating grains spun-up by radiative torques, namely the RAdiative Torque Disruption (RATD) mechanism, which can resolve this question. We find that RATD can destroy large grains located within a distance of ~ 1 pc from a massive star of luminosity L~ 10^4L_sun and a supernova. This increases the abundance of small grains relative to large grains and successfully reproduces the observed NIR-MIR excess and anomalous dust extinction/polarization. We show that small grains produced by RATD can also explain the steep far-UV rise in extinction curves toward starburst and high redshift galaxies, as well as the decrease of the escape fraction of Ly-alpha photons observed from HII regions surrounding YMSCs.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.15-32
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• 2024

This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and preferences of foreigners residing in Korea towards K-fashion. It sought to provide suggestions for the future development of K-fashion targeting this growing demographic. The results revealed that the longer foreigners had lived in Korea, the more positively they rated Korean fashion, shopping, and culture. The majority of foreigners purchased K-fashion items online, with popular choices including T-shirts, jackets, shirts, and jeans. Both men and women identified shoulders as a common problematic area when wearing clothing, with some issues also reported in the lumbar region. In terms of preferences, younger males (teens and twenties) were more inclined towards fads and celebrity wear compared to older males (thirties and forties). Similarly, younger females (teens and twenties) showed a higher preference for functionality and celebrity wear compared to older females (thirties and forties). These findings suggest that men tend to prioritize aesthetic factors when choosing K-fashion, while women prioritize practical considerations. To better cater to foreign consumers, suggestions for the development of K-fashion include promoting it through K-pop stars, considering dimensions related to foreigners' shoulders when designing top items, diversifying colors, sizes, and patterns, and providing English versions of online shopping platforms.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.57-66
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• 1997

This study was carried out to find out some similarities and differences of the ornamental technique and motifs in folk furniture between Denmark and Korea which had quite different background of development of folk furniture as one of a cross-cultural study. Furniture made and used in the 18th and 19th century was investigated in order to eliminate the influence of internationalism in the design area in the 20th century. This study was fulfilled by many study trips all over the districts in Denmark to identify Danish folk furniture as well as literature study. Study trips to folk museums. Insa-dong, Janghanpyung furniture market were done for Korean folk furniture. Characteristics of ornament in Danish folk furniture were as followings; Main materials of the Danish folk furniture were conifers, especially pine tree, as pine was very common and easy to get from their surroundings. The most popular and unique types of decoration in Danish folk furniture was painting. Colors used in painted furniture were very bright and vivid. This might be a reaction to the long and dark winter of Scandinavian countries. Motifs used in Danish folk furniture had been chosen to reflect their surroundings. Flowers, six-angular stars, animals, human figures and Biblical motifs were popular sources of decoration for Danish folk furniture. Characteristics of Korean folk furniture were as followings; Main materials of Korean folk furniture were broad-leaved trees as well as conifers, because of their beautiful wood grain. The Korean ways of decoration were different from Danish ones. The method of painting with bright from Danish ones. The method of painting with bright colors was hardly ever used in Korea, except only in lacquering. The most popular decoration method for Korean folk furniture was revealing the natural wood grain with transparent vegetable oil finish, instead of painting. Metal ornament was unique to Korean folk furniture. therefore a lot of metal ornaments were attached on the furniture. Motifs used in Korean folk furniture were more like symbolic than Danish ones. Korean people tried to express their longings and norms through the motifs, such as longevity, prosperity, good luck, and many sons, etc. Therefore, it was natural for Korean motifs to have special symbolic meanings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.3 s.102
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• pp.1-11
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• 2006

Che Guevara spearheading the Cuban Revolution was not only the icon as the revolutionary to the New-leftists of the 1960s advocating the ideology of Marxism but, as the cultural revolutionary, had a tremendous influence on the younger generation living in the digital age Che Guevara take on a figure of both the symbol of the Leftist but the romantic revolutionary because he had the external features such as black beret, red stars, military upper jackets and trousers, beard and pipe tobacco. In fact, the symbolic image of Che Guevara was made as the popular image by the avantgarde artists and political vanguard forces of the times under the necessity of Cuban government. Afterwards, the image of Che Guevara has been patronized in making people of aware of the resistant and revolutionary image to capital, power and the power of the media and symbolized as the resistant image to the American capital as well as the revolutionary guerrilla. And his image has continued to be reproduced and symbolized for the commercial and political purposes and as the enthusiastic image of youth culture. This can be seen as having been created as a new image by the popular culture formed by the development of the cyber culture and mass media in the cyberspace shaped by contemporary 'N' generations. The use of Che Guevara's symbolic image was made in the fashion field as well as in the cultural and artistic circles. The borrowing of the icon of Che Guevara represented in a fashion field is attributed to his free spirit, and it can be seen that fashion exists as the vehicle for representing both the symbol system and the sign system containing ideologies and texts as the communicator of resistance to the regime and to social issues. Therefore, this study attempted to investigate the commercial iconization of Che Guevara in the 1990s by comparing the ideology of the symbol in the 1960s and the 1990s and inquire into the borrowing of his image by the fashion domain as well as the fashion worn by him by reference to domestic books and materials on the fashion site. Thereby, this study attempted to make clear that the borrowing of Che Guevara in the realm of fashion since the 1990s not only contained the meaningful interpretation as the symbolic code in the culture of young people living in a digital era but fashion performs an intervening role in the cultural phenomenon.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1019-1034
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to grasp creation background and social position of courtesan which is treated in social and cultural context and its effect on fashion and research representative courtesans from ancient hetaera to the 19th century and their costume characteristics. Its another purpose is to analyze the costume of Violetta, who is a heroine of opera and its costume characteristic as a courtesan. Most Courtesan clothing were made from bright color, silk and lace which were light, or transparent materials. Using silk and cashmere which were the symbols of class, she took the cutting edge fashion and struggled to break the social barriers. The clothing which the Courtesan wore always became a gossip among people and popular to the designers who could show their creativities because the Courtesan boldly wore the cloth like movie actresses or stars. The Courtesan who led the fashion not only showed the fashion as a simple expression of the beauty but also as a socio-cultural phenomenon which reflected their social awareness with arts, and changed according to the situations of the time and people. Violetta's party dress which was shown in the first and third acts of showed the shoulders and chest because of the deep and wide cut decollete, the waist was tightened with a corset as much as possible, and the opulent hips were inflated by the crinoline so when they walked it was swaying. Also it was decorated with splendid materials such as silk and lace, and sparkling jewels, fans, and neckless and even in case of the general clothing in the second act, it was decorated with braids and lace, frills and ribbons. In the third act, the weakness of the sick woman who was closing her life as the splendid Courtesan was emphasized by using colors of white and light purple and thin transparent materials.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.175-192
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to provide the characteristics and development direction of K-fashion and to systematize the strategic features performed by government agencies, fashion associations, fashion companies, and other companies to activate K-fashion. This research analyzed K-fashion related articles published in major newspapers and magazines in Korea from the late 1990s to early 2017. The results of the study are as follows. 1. The characteristics of K-fashion are as follows: The first is a trendy and sophisticated design with modern sensibilities, unique designs that reinterpret the latest trends with designer creativity, practical and popular designs that ordinary people can wear comfortably in everyday life. The second is functional and trendy materials. The third is excellent sewing technology. The fourth is rapid turnover of products by quick connections among planning, production and sales. The fifth is a lower price than quality. 2. The direction for K-fashion to pursue was the continuous and ongoing development of the above characteristics and the creation of a 'design with the Korean emotion of its 5,000 year history'. 3. The following projects were carried out to promote K-fashion. 1) Utilization of K-pop, K-drama and other Korean wave content. (1) Holding a fashion concert event that combines Idol's K-Pop performances with fashion shows. (2) Hallyu (Korean wave) star's costume support and design collaboration with Hallyu stars. (3) Collaboration between entertainment companies and fashion companies. 2) Nurturing a global fashion branding project. 3) Business support for overseas expansion of the K-fashion brand. (1) Support project for foreign trade fair participation. (2) Holding a fashion brand fair in Korea. (3) Overseas business support by establishing a showroom and design center 4) Business to discover and nurture new designers

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.159-173
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• 2019

In this paper, we examine the brief history of the ring of four almonds regarding Mesopotamian mathematics, and present reasons why the Omar Khayyam's triangle, a special right triangle in a ring of four almonds, was essential for artisans due to its unique pattern. We presume that the ring of four almonds originated from a point symmetry figure given two concentric squares used in the proto-Sumerian Jemdet Nasr period (approximately 3000 B.C.) and a square halfway between two given concentric squares used during the time of the Old Akkadian period (2340-2200 B.C.) and the Old Babylonian age (2000-1600 B.C.). Artisans tried to create a new intricate pattern as almonds and 6-pointed stars by subdividing right triangles in the pattern of the popular altered Old Akkadian square band at the time. Therefore, artisans needed the Omar Khayyam's triangle, whose hypotenuse equals the sum of the short side and the perpendicular to the hypotenuse. We presume that artisans asked mathematicians how to construct the Omar Khayyam's triangle at a meeting between artisans and mathematicians in Isfahan. The construction of Omar Khayyam's triangle requires solving an irreducible cubic polynomial. Omar Khayyam was the first to classify equations of integer polynomials of degree up to three and then proceeded to solve all types of cubic equations by means of intersections of conic sections. Omar Khayyam's triangle gave practical meaning to the type of cubic equation $x^3+bx=cx^2+a$. The work of Omar Khayyam was completed by Descartes in the 17th century.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.77-100
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• 2014

Many researchers have analyzed the relationship between the financial success patterns of a motion picture and many other factors, such as the production cost, marketing, stars, awards, reviews, genre, and rating. Through these studies, many researchers and investors concluded that big budgets to make a blockbuster movie can serve as an insurance policy to meet their ROI; thus the box office is dominated by blockbuster movies. High-budget blockbuster movies are more likely to receive attention because these movies are more recognizable given their high expenses for production and casting. Therefore, audiences choose blockbusters in an effort to reduce the searching cost and to mitigate the possibility of a regrettable choice. This behavior of consumers, in turn, causes distributors to allocate screens for blockbusters, resulting in "concentration of blockbuster consumption." As such, low-budget films cannot easily become popular due to the lack of distribution. Indeed, low-budget films released on a small number of screens often end up becoming dismal failures. However, there are exceptional examples which are contrary to the general idea in the movie industry that a big budget and showings on a large number of screens can guarantee the success of a movie. Although researchers have attempted to analyze the performances of movies with small budgets, such movies are likely to be regarded as outliers and then be entirely discarded, as they are far from the 'three-sigma' range, especially given that previous research methodologies could not explain the financial success of such unique examples. This study attempts to explain the financial success at the box office of low-budget movies by applying the concept of the tunnel effect in quantum mechanics, as the phenomenon found in the movie industry is similar to a particle's movement in quantum physics. The tunneling effect is a phenomenon by which a particle without enough energy to pass over a potential barrier tunnels through it. Adopting the analogy, this study draws a tunneling probability function and cultural constant to forecast other outliers using the Schrödinger equation. Moreover, the study finds that word-of-mouth creates in the movie industry this phenomenon of finding outliers.