• Title/Summary/Keyword: Poor grade

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Study of Importance of Grade Decision to Enforce the Insurance Policy for Long-Term Care (노인장기요양보험제도 시행에 따른 등급판정의 중요성에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Tae-Sik;Goo, Bong-Oh
    • The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.43-48
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the importance of grade decision and role of physical therapist which follows enforcement of elderly long-term residential care insurance system. Methods: One of the data from grade decision meeting in Bukgu, Busan on 2007 which was 88 case of attached finding of doctor was compared with findings of visited investigator. Result: Eighty-four investigation subjects had 186 diseases that included stroke and arthritis, requiring the need for physical therapeutic approaches. In addition, the results of the door-to-door research project in the northern district of Busan showed that there was no match out of 88 subjects who submitted the viewpoint of the doctor. Such a result was produced as the doctors did not diagnose the patient directly, but rather the diagnoses were obtained from guardians and a door-to-door researcher who had a poor understanding of geriatric motion and function. Conclusion: To enforce long-term care successfully, a re-investigation should be performed for the welfare of the aged.

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The Development of the Elementary Environmental Education Textbook Relevant to Global Warming based on Responsibility Ethics - Focused on 5th, 6th Grade Students - (책임윤리학에 기초한 지구온난화 관련 초등 환경교육 교재 개발 - 초등학교 5, 6학년을 중심으로 -)

  • Jeong, Ha-Na;Chi, Chun-Ho;Lee, Sang-Won
    • Hwankyungkyoyuk
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.31-48
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study is to develop the elementary environmental textbook relevant to global warming based on responsibility ethics. To achieve the purpose, concrete study processes are as follows. First, the theory of responsibility ethics of Jonas was analyzed. Second, contents relevant to global warm ing on textbooks and guide books in the 7th elementary curriculum was analyzed through reference study. Third, the environmental textbook relevant to global warming for 5th and 6th grade in the elementary school was developed which was based on responsibility. The results of this study are as follows. First, responsibility ethics of Jonas has a lot of merit if it is applied to environment education. Second, according to the analysis into textbooks and guide books in the 7th elementary curriculum, the contents concerning global warming are very poor in both quantity and quality. Third, the elementary environmental textbook relevant to global warming for 5th and 6th grade students was developed. This textbook based on responsibility ethics will be expected to be efficient on the learning compared with subsidiary textbook in use.

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Immunohistochemical Detection of p53 Gene Mutation in Urine Samples in the Patients with Bladder Cancer (방광암 환자의 요세포 검사에서 p53 단백 발현의 의의)

  • Lee, Sang-Sook;Bae, Ji-Yeon;Kang, Yu-Na;Cho, Young-Rok;Park, Nam-Jo;Kim, Seun-Young;Kim, Jung-Hi
    • The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 1996
  • Although bladder cancers are very common, little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. It is known that p53 alteration is found in about 60% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, necessiating aggressive therapy and poor outcome. We examined the nuclear expression of p53 protein, using D07 monoclonal antibody in the urine samples from 31 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to investigate the correlation of p53 overexpression with histologic grades and depth of invasion. The positive rate of p53 protein was 27% in superficial bladder tumor, but increased up to 71% in the invasive bladder carcinomas. The overexpression of p53 protein increased according to Mostofi grading system from 18% in grade I, 45% in grade II, and up to 100% in grade III. The p53 expression tended to be higher in the invasive and high grade bladder cancers than in the superficial and low grade ones(p<0.05). These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of the urine specimen in the bladder cancer patients could be a useful method of screening for the presence of p53 mutant protein. The mutant p53 protein expression may be an indicator of bladder cancer with more proliferative potential and/or aggressive biologic behavior.

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Effect of Storage Conditions and Varietal Mixture on Quality of Malting Barley (저장조건 및 품종혼합가공에 따른 맥주맥의 품질변이)

  • Yong-Woong Kwon;Eun-Sup Lee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.35 no.3
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    • pp.259-264
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    • 1990
  • Improvement in production, post-harvest processing, quality grading, storage and malting process of malting barley is apparantly necessary to upgrade the beer quality and to reduce the losses in malt production. To establish the bases for the improvement, the present study examined the effect of storage conditions on the germinability of malting barley by quality grade of barley at production, and feasibility of mixing different varieties and different quality grades. Germinability of malting barley decreased significantly after 13 months of storage in the off-grade grain storage house, and after 15 months in the 1st grade storage house under the climate of Korea. Malting barley that was off-grade at harvest deteriorated faster than the 1st grade during 5 years storage under ordinary conditions. Mixing of varieites, different grain-quality grades or differently stored barleys seems to increase variability in germinating forces and germinability, resulting in uncontrollable malting processes and poor quality of malts and beer.

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Hunt-Hess and Fisher Grades as Predicting Factors for Chronic Hydrocephalus in Surgically Treated Ruptured Aneurysm (수술적 치료를 받은 파열성 뇌동맥류환자에서의 예후와 뇌실-복강 단락술의 예측인자로써의 Hunt-Hess Grade와 Fisher Grade)

  • Hong, Chang Ki;Park, Chong Oon;Hyun, Dong Keun;Ha, Young Soo
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2001
  • Objective : The popular grading systems in use, such as Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher scale score, are based primarily on the patient's clinical conditions or computerized tomography score after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH). The author investigated whether the need for ventriculoperitoneal(VP) shunt for chronic hydrocephalus and outcome can be predicted by Hunt-Hess grade and Fisher scale. Methods : A series of 146 patients admitted to our hospital from August 1991 to July 1999, who presented with SAH and underwent craniotomy for aneurysm clipping were studied retrospectively. Chronic hydrocephalus was defined as clinically and radiographically demonstrated hydrocephalus that lasted 2 weeks or longer after initial hemorrhage which required shunting. Patients were evaluated based on following factors : Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher scale, age, sex, hypertension, aneurysm location, and intervals from aneurysm rupture to operation. Results : The overall mortality rate of the study group was 8.2%. Hunt-Hess grade(p=0.001) or Fisher scale (p=0.001) at all pretreatment times was significantly correlated with outcome. In addition, there was an increased risk of poor outcome in older age(65<). However, there were statistically no significant relationship between outcome and sex, location of aneurysm, hypertension, and interval from aneurysmal rupture to operation(p>0.05). Of 134 surviving patients, 16 patients(12%) underwent VP shunt placement secondary to chronic hydrocephalus. Hunt-Hess grade(p=0.001) is more predictive of chronic hydrocephalus than Fisher scale(p=0.146). Aneurysm location was significantly correlated with development of chronic hydrocephalus (p<0.05), without significant correlations in sex, age, hypertension. IVH, and ICH. Conclusion : This study suggests that there is a high clinical correlation between outcome and Hunt-Hess grades and Fisher scales on admission, but Hunt-Hess grade is more predictive for chronic hydrocephalus than Fisher scale. In addition, age(<65 yrs) is the significant factor for prediction of outcome. There was a trend of increasing risk for chronic hydrocephalus according to aneurymal location.

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Exploration of variables effecting on poor adolescents' self-resilience and self-esteem : Focusing on parents' child-rearing attitudes and the quality of peer and teacher relationships (빈곤가정 청소년의 자아탄력성 및 자아존중감에 영향을 미치는 변인 탐색 : 부모의 양육태도 및 또래.교사관계의 질을 중심으로)

  • Lim, Yang-Mi
    • Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.147-167
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    • 2013
  • This study aimed to analyze the relative effects of parents' child-rearing attitudes and the quality of peer and teacher relationships on poor adolescents' self-resilience and self-esteem. The subjects were 639 1st grade middle school students from the firstly poor, the secondary poor, and the thirdly poor families who participated in the Korea Child Youth Panel Surveys(KCYPS). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and hierarchical regressions. The results of this study were as follows. Firstly, the poor adolescents' self-resilience were influenced by the quality of peer relationships, parents' child-rearing attitudes, and the quality of teacher relationships in order and the specific variables enhancing adolescents' self-resilience were communication between adolescents and peers, trust with peers, parents' love, reasonable explanation, supervision, and teacher-adolescents' friendly relationships. Secondly, the poor adolescents' self-esteem were influenced by parents' child-rearing attitudes, the quality of peer relationships, and the quality of teacher relationships in order and the specific variables enhancing adolescents' self-esteem were parents' love, supervision, inconsistency, senses of non-alienation among peers, communication between adolescents and peers, trust with peers, and teacher-adolescents' friendly relationships. Finally, the future directions of education welfare programs targeting poor adolescents were suggested on the basis of the results.

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Analysis of Factors for Cartilage Regeneration in Patients Who Underwent High Tibial Osteotomy Combined with Microfracture (근위 경골 절골술과 미세 골절술을 함께 시행 받은 환자 군에서 연골 재생에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 분석)

  • Lee, Young Min;Song, Eun-Kyoo;Oh, Ho-Seok;Kim, Yu-Seok;Seon, Jong-Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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    • v.56 no.5
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    • pp.404-412
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This study examined the degree of cartilage regeneration by performing second-look arthroscopy in a group of patients who underwent high tibial osteotomy and microfractures for unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the medial knee joint and to determine the factors affecting cartilage regeneration. In addition, this study analyzed whether there is a relationship between the degree of cartilage regeneration and functional results. Materials and Methods: From 2007 to 2015, this study evaluated 81 cases who underwent second-look arthroscopy at the time of plate removal after a microfracture and high tibial osteotomy with a minimum two-year follow-up. The degree of femoral cartilage injury before surgery was classified by ICRS (International Cartilage Research Society), and all were grade III and IV. After second-look arthroscopy, cartilage regeneration was classified into a well-regenerated group (grade I, II) and a poorly regenerated group (grade III, IV). The independent factors influencing cartilage regeneration were identified through multivariate logistic regression analysis. In addition, the functional results were compared before and after surgery between the two groups using the Knee Society score (KSS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score (WOMAC). Results: Age, sex, body mass index, postoperative radiologic factors, and preoperative joint condition did not affect the degree of cartilage regeneration significantly. The large cartilage defect (≥2.0 cm2) (p=0.011) and the presence of kissing lesions (p=0.027) were associated with poor cartilage regeneration. No significant difference in the KSS and WOMAC scores was observed between the group with good and poor cartilage regeneration. Conclusion: The presence of a large cartilage defect and kissing lesions is associated with poor cartilage regeneration after high tibial osteotomy and microfracture. On the other hand, the degree of the regenerated cartilage did not show any correlation with the functional outcome.

Factors Related to Poor School Performance of Elementary School Children (국민학교아동의 학습부진에 관련된 요인)

  • Park, Jung-Han;Kim, Gui-Yeon;Her, Kyu-Sook;Lee, Ju-Young;Kim, Doo-Hie
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.26 no.4 s.44
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    • pp.628-649
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    • 1993
  • This study was conducted to investigate the factors related to the poor school performance of the elementary school children. Two schools in Taegu, one in the affluent area and the other in the poor area, were selected and a total of 175 children whose school performance was within low 10 percentile (poor performers) and 97 children whose school performance were within high 5 percentile (good performers) in each class of 2nd, 4th and 6th grades were tested for the physical health, behavioral problem and family background. Each child had gone through a battery of tests including visual and hearing acuity, anthropometry (body weight, height, head circumference), intelligence (Kodae Stanford-Binet test), test anxiety (TAI-K), neurologic examination by a developmental pediatrician and heavy metal content (Pb, Cd, Zn) in hair by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. A questionnaire was administered to the mothers for prenatal and prenatal courses of the child, family environment, child's developmental history, and child's behavioral and learning problems. Another questionnaire was administered to the teachers of the children for the child's family background, arithmatic & language abilities and behavioral problem. The poor school performance had a significant correlation with male gender, high birth order, broken home, low educational and occupational levels of parents, visual problem, high test anxiety score, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), poor physical growth (weight, height, head circumference) and low I.Q. score. The factors that had a significant correlation with the poor school performance in multiple logistic regression analysis were child's birth order (odds ratio=2.06), male gender(odds ratio=5.91), broken home(odds ratio=9.29), test anxiety score(odds ratio=1.07), ADHD (odds ratio=9.67), I.Q. score (odds ratio=0.85) and height less than Korean standard mean-1S.D.(odds ratio=11.12). The heavy metal contents in hair did not show any significant correlation with poor school performance. However the lead and cadmium contents were high in males than in females. The lead content was negatively correlated with child's grade(P<0.05) and zinc was positively correlated with grade (P<0.05). among the factors that showed a significant correlation with the poor school performance, high birth order, short stature and ADHD may be modified by a good family planning, good feeding practice for infant and child, and early detection and treatment of ADHD. Also, teacher and parents should restrain themselves from inducing excessive test anxiety by forcing the child to study and over-expecting beyond the child's intellectual capability.

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Diagnosis of the growth status and actual condition of the remaining old trees in the village - Focused on Hyeongok-myeon in Gyeongju-si - (마을 내 잔존 노거수의 생육현황 및 실태진단 - 경주시 현곡면을 중심으로 -)

  • Kim, Young-Hun;Deng, Bei-Jia;Chen, Geng;You, Ju-Han
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.109-123
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the establishment of future countermeasures by diagnosing the growth status and actual condition of undesignated old trees distributed in Hyeongok-myeon, Gyeongju, Gyeongsangbuk-do. The number of old trees surveyed was 2 weeks in Gajeong-ri, 2 weeks in Haguri, 3 weeks in Nae-Tae-ri, 1 week in Nawon-ri, 6 weeks in Oryu-ri, 3 weeks in Sangguri, and 2 weeks in Sohyeon-ri, The trees species composition was 6 trees Celtis sinensis Pers., 1 Diospyros lotus L. trees, 4 trees Salix chaenomeloides Kimura trees, 2 Styphnolobium japonicum L. trees, and 7 Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino trees. Growth status is 7.1~22.0m in height, 14.6~25.1m in long axis, 10.2~19.2m in short axis, root diameter is 76.0~236.4cm, diamter at breast height is 67.0~220.0cm, soil acidity is pH4.9~7.0, soil The hardness was measured to be 4.0-27.0mm. The result grade of the scoring data of health information is represented by monitoring generally, monitoring critically, and absolute monitoring, and it was confirmed that out of the 20 trees population in Hyeongok-myeon, the general monitoring grade was 7 weeks, the major monitoring grade was 13 weeks, and there was no absolute monitoring grade. Accordingly, the number of old trees of the general surveillance level was maintained at the current level, and ecological surgical operations were introduced for the major surveillance level, but the case of village forests should be different, and sequential treatments were the old tree urgently needed. The level and bark of the target tree, the state of the crown, the root exposure, the presence of pests and pests, the vitality and the ground condition, the degree of pollution are normal, poor, or very poor, operation and protection management, soil improvement, removal of cover, and disinfection were urgently needed for the old trees with the surveyed data. In order to compensate for these matters, continuous monitoring and management measures for the old number should be sought.

Circulating Lymphocytes as Predictors of Sensitivity to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Cases

  • Dou, Xue;Wang, Ren-Ben;Yan, Hong-Jiang;Jiang, Shu-Mei;Meng, Xiang-Jiao;Zhu, Kun-Li;Xu, Xiao-Qing;Mu, Dian-Bin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.3881-3885
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    • 2013
  • Objective: The objective of this study was to identify clinical predictive factors for tumor response after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Methods: All factors were evaluated in 88 patients with LARC treated with nCRT. After a long period of 4-8 weeks of chemoradiotherapy, 3 patients achieved clinical complete response (cCR) and thus aggressive surgery was avoided, and the remaining 85 patients underwent a curative-intent operation. The response to nCRT was evaluated by tumor regression grade (TRG) system. Results: There were 32 patients (36.4%) with good tumor regression (TRG 3-4) and 56 (63.6%) with poor tumor regression (TRG 0-2). Lymphocyte counts and ratios were higher in good response cases (P=0.01, 0.03, respectively) while neutrophil ratios and N/L ratios were higher in poor response cases (P=0.04, 0.02, respectively). High lymphocyte ratios before nCRT and good tumor regression (TRG3-4) were significantly associated with improved 5-year disease-free survival (P<0.05). Pretreatment nodal status was also significantly associated with 5-year disease-free survival and 5-year overall survival (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis confirmed that the pretreatment lymphocyte ratio and lymph nodal status were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion: Our study suggested that LARC patients with high lymphocyte ratios before nCRT would have good tumor response and high 5-year DFS and OS.