• 대한본초학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine new source of Jisil(枳實). Methods : Find out the source of Jisil in the history of herbal medicine. Results : 1. The source of jisil(枳實) is known as the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqul(Rutaceae) in the Korean Pharmacopoeia Eight Edition, the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivars or Citrus sinensis Osbeck(Fam. Rutaceae) in Pharmacopeia of the people's republic of china(English edition 2000). 2. Until Song dynasty, Jisil is the pericarp of the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata 3. From Myeong dynasty the source of jisil(枳實) turn to the immature fruit of C. wilsonii, C. junos, C. aurantiun var. amara Conclusions : The source of Jisil(枳實) is the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.116-128
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• 2000

Anal therapy is another way of taking medicine It is a traditional pathway but not available in common situation. Nevertheless. It has many benefit and usefulness, it has not treated so much. The dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L(Ji-Sil) is widely used to treat urticaria, itch and indigestion in traditional Korean Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate L. on immediate-type allergic reaction by anal administration. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. showed a marked inhibition rate in systemic immediate-type allergic reaction with a dose of 0.1 - 1 g/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus tnjoliata L. (0.1 -1 g/kg) significant1y reduced plasma histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. (10 g/kg) also inhibited to $44.6\%$ (P<0.01) local allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition, Syzygium aromaticum dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results provide evidence that anal therapy of Poncirus trifoliata L. may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2000

The unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Raf has been used for the treatment of allergic disease. Recently it was reported that the fruit inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine release at mast cell. Type I immediate hypersensitivity of anaphylactic type is caused by released mediate chemical at mast cell. Histamine is also known as one of potent mediate chemical. Also release of mediate chemical is affected by specific stimulation of IgE combined with mast cell. Activation of mast cell is known to be stimulated by compound 48/80 and inhibited by increase of cAMP. In this experiment, the effect of water extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf fruit (PT) on a histamine release, cAMP concentration and IgE production was measured. Compound 48/80 was administrated to the mouse peritoneal cell which was pretreated with PT. PT dosedependently inhibited histamine release at peritoneal mast cell and the serum level of histamine induced by compound 48/80. PT also instantly increased cAMP level of peritoneal mast cell right after it was added and the level gradually decreased. Production of IgE induced by antigens at mouse peritoneal cell was inhibited by PT. The IgE synthesis is induced by IL-4 and it is known that lipopolysaccharide(LPS) plus IL-4 cause an increase in IgE secretion by murine B cells. The effects of PT inhibited the production of IgE activated by LPS plus IL-4 at human U266B1 cells. These results indicate that PT has antiallergic activity by Inhibition of IgE production from B cells and histamine release by increase of cAMP.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.188-191
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• 2008

Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been used as the immature fruit of the trifoliate orange tree. This study was carried out to investigate the quality change of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque depending on packing materials (vacuum packing, PP (polypropylene) packing, gunny sack packing), storage places and storage periods up to 12 months. The change of loss on drying content, content of poncirin were measured during the 12 months. As a result, the loss on drying content was decreased rapidly in gunny sack packing after storage of 12 months at room temperature. The content of poncirin was decreased generally according to storage conditions and its average loss percent was 38.8%.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1993

Poncirin which is one of the flavanone rhamnoglucosides showed anti-inflammatory activity as the major component of fruit of Poncirus trifoliata. Poncirin did not show antiinflammatory effect when it was intraperitoneally administered, but it was very effective when orally administered. Poncirin was not metabolized by blood and liver enzymes but by intestinal bacteria of human and rats. Among the human intestinal bacteria, Streptococcus Y-25 converted poncirin to ponciretin through the poncirenin and Staphylococcus Y-88 converted to ponciretin directly.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2010

탱자나무(Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque)는 운향과의 낙엽관목으로 건조된 미성숙 과실은 지실(枳實)이라는 한약 재료로 사용되며, 완숙된 탱자나무의 과실은 지각(枳殼)이란 한약자원의 대용품으로 사용된다. 미성숙된 탱자에 관해서는 항균, 항산화 및 지질저하 효과가 있다고 보고되어 있으나 완숙된 탱자에 대한 생리활성 효능에 대해서는 연구 된 바 없어 이에 본 연구에서는 과피, 과육, 과즙 그리고 씨로 분리하여 물과 에탄올을 용매로 추출하여 생리활성 효능을 측정하였다. 플라보노이드 화합물은 과육에서 20.39 mg/g으로, 과즙 18.72 mg/g를 함유하였으며, 폴리페놀 화합물은 과피의 에탄올 추출물에서 60.54 mg/g, 과피 물 추출물은 45.91 mg/g를 함유하였다. 상이한 농도와 pH 조건에서의 아질산염소거능을 측정한 결과 pH 1.2의 2.0 mg/mL에서 과피 물추출물이 52.27%로 가장 낮았다. Tyrosinase 저해율은 과피에탄올 추출물에서 23.23%였으며, DPPH 라디칼 소거율은 0.5 mg/mL의 농도에서 과피 물 추출물이 약 80%로 $IC_{50}$은 147.73 ${\mu}g$/mL였다. Xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해효과를 $IC_{50}$으로 나타낸 결과 과육 추출물이 대조군이 ascorbic acid (18.68 ${\mu}g$/mL)보다 낮은 18.28 ${\mu}g$/mL였으며, 과피 추출물에서도 비교적 높은 xanthine oxidase 저해율을 보였다. 이상의 결과 탱자나무의 완숙된 과피는 다량의 생리활성 물질을 함유하며 우수한 아질산염 소거능과 전자공여활성을 나타내며, 과육과 과즙은 플라보노이드 함량이 다른 부위보다 높았고 과육에서는 99% 이상의 xanthine oxidase 저해율을 그리고 과즙에서는 전자공여능이 90% 이상으로 기능성 제품의 개발 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2011

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of two major flavonoid glycosides (poncirin and nanringin) in Poncirus trifoliata Raf. by different harvesting times and locations for two years. A SunFire $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm, 5 ${\mu}M$) was used at $40^{\circ}C$ for the determination of poncirin and naringin. The mobile phase using gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was 10 ${\mu}l$. The chromatogram was monitored by photodiode array (PDA) detection at 280 nm for the identification of two flavonoid glycosides in P. trifoliata. The contents of the two components in P. trifoliata ranged from 0.32~13.02%.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.316-325
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• 1997

The dried unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L. is widely used to treat urticaria, itch and indigestion in folk medicine. And recently it was reported the component of the fruit was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on histamine release from mast cells. So to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Poncirus trifoliata L.(PTFE) on compound 48/80-induced histamine release, the study was carried out in rat peritoneal mast cell. PTFE $(10^{-3}{\sim}1mg/ml)$ inhibits the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 $(5{\mu}g/ml)$ in rat peritoneal mast cells. To clarify the mechanism of these inhibition, we investigated the effect of PTFE on cAMP and intracellular calcium content. The increase in cAMP content, when PTFE was added, was transient. At concentration of 1mg/ml, the cAMP content of mast cells was significantly increased at a rate of 53 times of basal cells at 10sec. PTFE inhibits histamine release by augmenting the cAMP content in mast cells. Moreover, PTFE inhibits intracellular calcium release induced by compound 48/80. This result suggests that PTFE may be useful for the prevention and treatment of allergy-related disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Poncirus trifoliata fruit (PTF) affects the digestive and cardiovascular systems, and kidney function. The authors studied the effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of PTF on the activities of osteoblasts and in an animal model. The main compounds of the EtOAc extract, naringin and poncirin have been confirmed by HPLC and NMR analysis. Effects of osteoblastic differentiation were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN) protein expression and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, osteoclast differentiation was measured by multinucleated cells (MNCs) formation through tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive staining. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured before and after treatment with EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. Dexamethasone (DEX) decreased OPN and OPG expression level in MC3T3-E1 cells and ALP activity was decreased by DEX dose-dependently. EtOAc extract of PTF recovered the levels of ALP activity, and the expression of OPN and OPG in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DEX. In osteoclast differentiation, multinucleated TRAP-positive cell formation was significantly suppressed by the EtOAc extract of PTF. Total body BMD was restored by EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. In conclusion, EtOAc extract of PTF recovered DEX-mediated deteriorations in osteoblastic and osteoclastic functions, and increased BMD in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국약용작물학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.202-203
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• 2008