• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to determine new source of Jisil(枳實). Methods : Find out the source of Jisil in the history of herbal medicine. Results : 1. The source of jisil(枳實) is known as the immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesqul(Rutaceae) in the Korean Pharmacopoeia Eight Edition, the dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivars or Citrus sinensis Osbeck(Fam. Rutaceae) in Pharmacopeia of the people's republic of china(English edition 2000). 2. Until Song dynasty, Jisil is the pericarp of the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata 3. From Myeong dynasty the source of jisil(枳實) turn to the immature fruit of C. wilsonii, C. junos, C. aurantiun var. amara Conclusions : The source of Jisil(枳實) is the ripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.116-128
• /
• 2000

Anal therapy is another way of taking medicine It is a traditional pathway but not available in common situation. Nevertheless. It has many benefit and usefulness, it has not treated so much. The dried immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L(Ji-Sil) is widely used to treat urticaria, itch and indigestion in traditional Korean Medicine. So this study was carried out to examine the effect of an aqueous extract from immature fruit of Poncirus trifoliate L. on immediate-type allergic reaction by anal administration. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. showed a marked inhibition rate in systemic immediate-type allergic reaction with a dose of 0.1 - 1 g/kg 1 hr before intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus tnjoliata L. (0.1 -1 g/kg) significant1y reduced plasma histamine contents induced by compound 48/80. Anal administration of Poncirus trifoliata L. (10 g/kg) also inhibited to $44.6\%$ (P<0.01) local allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. In addition, Syzygium aromaticum dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from the peritoneal mast cells by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results provide evidence that anal therapy of Poncirus trifoliata L. may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local immediate-type hypersensitivity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.156-161
• /
• 2000

The unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata Raf has been used for the treatment of allergic disease. Recently it was reported that the fruit inhibits passive cutaneous anaphylaxis and histamine release at mast cell. Type I immediate hypersensitivity of anaphylactic type is caused by released mediate chemical at mast cell. Histamine is also known as one of potent mediate chemical. Also release of mediate chemical is affected by specific stimulation of IgE combined with mast cell. Activation of mast cell is known to be stimulated by compound 48/80 and inhibited by increase of cAMP. In this experiment, the effect of water extract of Poncirus trifoliata Raf fruit (PT) on a histamine release, cAMP concentration and IgE production was measured. Compound 48/80 was administrated to the mouse peritoneal cell which was pretreated with PT. PT dosedependently inhibited histamine release at peritoneal mast cell and the serum level of histamine induced by compound 48/80. PT also instantly increased cAMP level of peritoneal mast cell right after it was added and the level gradually decreased. Production of IgE induced by antigens at mouse peritoneal cell was inhibited by PT. The IgE synthesis is induced by IL-4 and it is known that lipopolysaccharide(LPS) plus IL-4 cause an increase in IgE secretion by murine B cells. The effects of PT inhibited the production of IgE activated by LPS plus IL-4 at human U266B1 cells. These results indicate that PT has antiallergic activity by Inhibition of IgE production from B cells and histamine release by increase of cAMP.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.188-191
• /
• 2008

Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been used as the immature fruit of the trifoliate orange tree. This study was carried out to investigate the quality change of Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque depending on packing materials (vacuum packing, PP (polypropylene) packing, gunny sack packing), storage places and storage periods up to 12 months. The change of loss on drying content, content of poncirin were measured during the 12 months. As a result, the loss on drying content was decreased rapidly in gunny sack packing after storage of 12 months at room temperature. The content of poncirin was decreased generally according to storage conditions and its average loss percent was 38.8%.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.262-269
• /
• 1993

Poncirin which is one of the flavanone rhamnoglucosides showed anti-inflammatory activity as the major component of fruit of Poncirus trifoliata. Poncirin did not show antiinflammatory effect when it was intraperitoneally administered, but it was very effective when orally administered. Poncirin was not metabolized by blood and liver enzymes but by intestinal bacteria of human and rats. Among the human intestinal bacteria, Streptococcus Y-25 converted poncirin to ponciretin through the poncirenin and Staphylococcus Y-88 converted to ponciretin directly.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.698-705
• /
• 2010

Ripe fruits of Poncirus trifoliata were examined with a view to development of functional foods and physiological activities were assessed. The flavonoid compound of the sarcocarp extract (SC), at 20.39 mg/g, was the highest of all extracts studied, whereas that in fruit juice extract (FJ) was 18.72 mg/g. The total polyphenol content of pericarp ethanol (PE) and water (PW) extracts were 60.54 mg/g and 45.91 mg/g, respectively. The nitrite scavenging ability of PW (2.0 mg/mL) was 52.27% at pH 1.2. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of PE (2.0 mg/mL) was 23.23%, but SW showed no such activity at any tested concentration. The electron donating abilities of PW, SC, and FJ were greater than 50% when tested at 0.5 mg/mL. Notably, the $IC_{50}$ of PW was 147.73 ${\mu}g$/mL. Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by PW and SE (0.5 mg/mL) were more than 90%, whereas the $IC_{50}$ of SC was 18.28 ${\mu}g$/mL. These results indicate that P. trifoliate ripe fruits may potentially serve as components of valuable new functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2011

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of two major flavonoid glycosides (poncirin and nanringin) in Poncirus trifoliata Raf. by different harvesting times and locations for two years. A SunFire $C_{18}$ column (4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm, 5 ${\mu}M$) was used at $40^{\circ}C$ for the determination of poncirin and naringin. The mobile phase using gradient flow consisted of two solvent systems. Solvent A was 1.0% (v/v) aqueous acetic acid and solvent B was acetonitrile with 1.0% (v/v) acetic acid. Flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and injection volume was 10 ${\mu}l$. The chromatogram was monitored by photodiode array (PDA) detection at 280 nm for the identification of two flavonoid glycosides in P. trifoliata. The contents of the two components in P. trifoliata ranged from 0.32~13.02%.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.316-325
• /
• 1997

The dried unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata L. is widely used to treat urticaria, itch and indigestion in folk medicine. And recently it was reported the component of the fruit was found to exhibit an inhibitory effect on histamine release from mast cells. So to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Poncirus trifoliata L.(PTFE) on compound 48/80-induced histamine release, the study was carried out in rat peritoneal mast cell. PTFE $(10^{-3}{\sim}1mg/ml)$ inhibits the histamine release induced by compound 48/80 $(5{\mu}g/ml)$ in rat peritoneal mast cells. To clarify the mechanism of these inhibition, we investigated the effect of PTFE on cAMP and intracellular calcium content. The increase in cAMP content, when PTFE was added, was transient. At concentration of 1mg/ml, the cAMP content of mast cells was significantly increased at a rate of 53 times of basal cells at 10sec. PTFE inhibits histamine release by augmenting the cAMP content in mast cells. Moreover, PTFE inhibits intracellular calcium release induced by compound 48/80. This result suggests that PTFE may be useful for the prevention and treatment of allergy-related disease.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.89-95
• /
• 2012

Poncirus trifoliata fruit (PTF) affects the digestive and cardiovascular systems, and kidney function. The authors studied the effects of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of PTF on the activities of osteoblasts and in an animal model. The main compounds of the EtOAc extract, naringin and poncirin have been confirmed by HPLC and NMR analysis. Effects of osteoblastic differentiation were measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, osteopontin (OPN) protein expression and osteoprotegerin (OPG) mRNA expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Also, osteoclast differentiation was measured by multinucleated cells (MNCs) formation through tartrate resistance acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive staining. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured before and after treatment with EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. Dexamethasone (DEX) decreased OPN and OPG expression level in MC3T3-E1 cells and ALP activity was decreased by DEX dose-dependently. EtOAc extract of PTF recovered the levels of ALP activity, and the expression of OPN and OPG in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with DEX. In osteoclast differentiation, multinucleated TRAP-positive cell formation was significantly suppressed by the EtOAc extract of PTF. Total body BMD was restored by EtOAc extract of PTF in prednisolone-induced osteoporotic mice. In conclusion, EtOAc extract of PTF recovered DEX-mediated deteriorations in osteoblastic and osteoclastic functions, and increased BMD in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.05a
• /
• pp.202-203
• /
• 2008