• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1635-1641
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• 2011

본 연구는 가식부위가 20~30%로 과즙 착즙 시 주로 버려지고 있으나 석류의 부위별 추출물 중 가장 항산화성이 우수한 천연식품 소재인 석류 내피를 에탄올로 추출하여 천연항산화제로서의 활용 가능성을 조사하였다. 석류 내피 추출물을 극성이 낮은 용매에서 극성이 높은 용매로 순차적으로 계통 분획하여 항산화능을 분석하였다. 각 측정 방법 별로 항산화 활성에 있어 약간의 차이를 보였으나 전반적으로 ethyl acetate 분획의 항산화능이 높게 측정되었다. DPPH 라디칼 소거활성 측정 결과 ethyl acetate와 butanol 분획물에서 $IC_{50}$이 각각 2.40 ${\mu}g$/mL, 2.88 ${\mu}g$/mL로 기준 물질인 ascorbic acid와 유사한 항산화 활성을 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. Superoxide anion 소거활성에서 ethyl acetate과 butanol 분획물의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 58.94 ${\mu}g$/mL, 61.91 ${\mu}g$/mL로 기준물질인 tannin acid보다 항산화능이 우수하였다. $ABTS^+$ 소거활성에서 ethyl acetate와 butanol 분획물의 $IC_{50}$은 각각 39.26 ${\mu}g$/mL, 40.95 ${\mu}g$/mL로 나타났으며 환원력을 측정한 결과 ethyl acetate 분획물(0.1 mg/mL)의 흡광도가 1.404로 기준물질인 ascorbic acid보다 활성이 높게 측정되었다. SOD 유사활성과 아질산염 소거능에서는 유사한 결과를 나타냈는데 SOD 유사활성은 $42.88{\pm}0.66%$(dichloromethane), $15.43{\pm}0.85%$(butanol), $12.82{\pm}0.68%$(water)이었으며 아질산염 소거능에서 dichloromethane 분획물의 $IC_{50}$은 115.54 ${\mu}g$/mL로 기준물질인 ascorbic acid보다 높게 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구결과 석류 내피 추출물은 높은 항산화 활성을 가지고 있으며, 폐자원으로써 버려지는 석류 내피는 식품첨가물 등의 기능성 소재로의 이용가능성이 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

강한 천연 생리활성물질인 폴리페놀과 탄닌을 다량 함유한 석류를 노화방지제 및 기능성화장품의 화장품 원료로 이용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하고자, 과즙과 과피 및 종자유로 나누어 분리추출한 후, DPPH radical과 superoxide의 소거작용, 세포내 $H_2O_2$와 hydroperoxide 및 superoxide 생성 억제작용에 미치는 영향에 관하여 실험하여 항산화 작용을 비교 평가하였다. 석류과피 메탄올 추출액은 전반적으로 가장 유의성 있는 항산화 작용을 보였다. 자체적인 항산화 작용뿐만 아니라 세포내에서 free radical이 생성되는 것을 억제하는 작용도 있는 것으로 여겨지며, 석류과즙 농축액은 free radical을 소거하는 항산화 작용이 있으며, 또한 석류 종자유는 강한 hydroperoxide 생성 억제효과를 나타내어, 특히 hydroxy기를 가진 readical의 생성을 억제하는데 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이상과 같은 결과로 보아, 석류의 과즙보다는 과피의 추출물이 항산화 작용이 더 뛰어난 것을 알 수 있었으므로 피부미용에 관련된 건강보조식품 개발시 과피성분을 함유한 추출물을 원료로 사용하는 것이 효과적이라고 사료되며, 특히 피부 주름 방지제 등과 같은 기능성 화장품을 개발하고자 할 때는 석류 종자유를 화장품 원료로 하여 개발하는 것이 더 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.414-420
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• 2006

The present study evaluated the effects of pomegranate peel (Granati pericarpium) extract on the lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet: the measured biomarkers included the TBARS value, GPx, GR, SOD and GST activities. Body fat depositions were significantly decreased in the group that received pomegranate peel. In addition, the activities of GPx, GST and SOD were significantly higher in the liver and plasma of the pomegranate peel group than in the control group. Also, the pomegranate peel diet decreased lipid peroxidation of the liver and kidney. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) showed that the DNA damage in the plasma of the pomegranate peel group was decreased compared to that of control. The present results show that a diet with added pomegranate peel exerts protective effects against oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via effects on the free radical levels in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.192-192
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• 2003

Pomegranate, a small tree originating in Orient, belongs to Punicaceae family. The seeds contain an oil of which about 80% is rare trans 18 carbon fatty acid (punicic acid), and have highest botanical concentration of a sex steroid, estrone. Pharmacological properties of pomegranate extract have been studied, with anti-microbial, anti-parasitic, ant-viral, and anti-cancer effects. We have examined the estrogenic activity of the pomegranate extracts using MCP-7-ERE cells. MCF-7-ERE cells, stably transfected with pERE-Luc were treated various amount of pomegranate extract and after overnight treatments, luciferase activity were measured. Estradiol(E2) dose dependently induced luciferase activity in this cell and maximal response is obtained at 100pM E2.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2007

To examine the effects of pomegranate on cerebral blood flow and obesity, we observed regional cerebral blood flow in normal rats, as well as body weight, serum total cholesterol, serum HDL-cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum total lipids, serum phospholipids and serum free fatty acid levels in rats fed a high fat diet. The results were as follows. Pomegranate seed extract significantly increased regional cerebral blood flow and the peel extract increased regional the cerebral blood flow in a dose dependent manner. In addition, the pomegranate extracts(seed, peel, juice) decreased body weight, serum total cholesterol, serum LDL-cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum total lipids, serum phospholipids and serum free fatty acid levels, and increased serum HDL-cholesterol in the rats fed a high fat diet. More specially the seed extract significantly decreased serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum phospholipid levels.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.287-290
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 석류에서 단세포성 곰팡이의 성장을 저해하는 항진균 물질을 탐색하고 새로운 천연 항생물질을 찾기 위한 목적으로 석류를 과피, 씨, 전체로 각각 분리하고 추출하여 항진균 활성을 조사하였다. 고흥에서 생산된 석류를 전체, 과피, 씨로 나누어 70% EtOH로 추출한 후 Candida albicans에 대한 항진균 활성을 측정한 결과, 항진균 활성이 액체배지에서 각각 비슷하게 나왔으며 고체배지에서는 석류 전체 추출물을 사용하였을 때 가장 잘 나타났다. 고체배지에서와 액체배지에서 공통적으로 석류 전체 및 과피 추출물의 chloroform, ethyl acetate 용매 추출물의 C. albicans의 항진균 활성도를 측정한 결과 ethyl acetate 추출물에서 모두 높은 활성도를 나타냈다. C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida lusitaniae에 대한 항진균 활성은 석류 전체 및 석류 과피의 ethyl acetate 용매 추출물에서 각각 36%, 25% 이상의 저해율을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 석류 내 존재하는 항진균 활성 물질은 ethyl acetate에 잘 녹는 지용성 물질인 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2012년도 제46차 학술발표회
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• pp.55-55
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• 2012

To improve the deodorizing and antibacterial performance of various fabrics (cotton, silk and wool) dyed with pomegranate(Punica granatum L.) extract without mordants, natural colorant solutions, which were extracted from pomegranate using water as an extractant at $90^{\circ}C$ for 90 min with a various liquor ratio (solid natural colorant material/solvent water, weight ratio) from 1:100 to 1:5 were used. To achieve the highest K/S and the deodorizing and antibacterial performance, the best liquor ratio, dyeing bath ratio, dyeing temperature and dyeing time were found to be 1:10, 1:50, $80^{\circ}C$ and 60 min, respectively. The deodorizing performance of dyed cotton, silk and wool fabrics against acetic acid vapor were found to be95,70,90%,respectively. However, all the dyed fabrics displayed outstanding deodorizing performance(99%) against ammonia gas and antibacterial performance(bacteriostatic reduction rate:99.9%) against Staphylococcu aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia(bacteriostatic reduction rate: 99.9%). It is worth noting that pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) colorants notably enhanced the deodorizing and antibacterial performance of cotton, silk and wool fabrics.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.577-584
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 수입산 열대 아열대 과일의 항산화 효과를 비교하기 위하여 총 폴리페놀 함량, DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, superoxide anion radical 소거능, FRAP 활성, tyrosinase 저해효과, 환원력 등을 측정하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 석류가 12.22 mg GAE/g으로 가장 높았고 그 다음 순으로 파인애플이 3.77 mg GAE/g이었으며, 용과, 그린키위, 파파야, 옐로우망고가 2.45~2.99 mg GAE/g의 범위로 나타났다. 석류는 DPPH, ABTS, superoxide anion radical 소거능, 환원력에서 다른 과일보다 높은 활성을 보여주었고 그 다음으로 파인애플이 높은 활성을 보였다. 특히 석류는 추출물의 농도가 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 활성이 증가하는 경향을 보였고 시료 농도 5 mg/mL에서는 DPPH radical 소거능과 ABTS radical 소거능 및 환원력이 양성대조군으로 사용한 ascorbic acid와 대등한 효과를 보였다. 반면에, 용과와 파파야는 대부분의 항산화 효과 실험에서 낮은 활성을 나타내었다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2014

Objective : In this study, the addition of dried pomegranate concentrate powder (PCP) was affected the anti-climacterium activity of red clover dry extracts (RC) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and methods : After bilateral OVX surgery, RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg (of body weight) were orally administered, once a day for 84 days, and then the changes on the serum estradiol levels, abdominal fat pad and uterus weights were observed for estrogenic effects. In addition, liver weights, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were also evaluated for hepatoprotective effects, and serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels were monitored for hypolipidemic effects. Results : As a result of OVX, the estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms, increments of abdominal fat pad weights, serum AST, ALT, TC, LDL and TG levels with decrease of uterus and liver weights, serum estradiol levels, were demonstrated. However, these estrogen-deficient climacterium symptoms induced by bilateral OVX in rats were significantly inhibited by continuous oral treatment of RC 40 mg/kg, PCP 20 mg/kg and RC:PCP 2:1 mixture (g/g) 120, 60 and 30 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion : The results suggested that RC:PCP 2:1 mixtures synergistically increased the anti-climacterium effects of RC in OVX rats. It, therefore, is expected that RC:PCP 2:1 mixture will be promising as a new potent protective agents for relieving the climacterium symptoms.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

Objectives : The objective of present study is to evaluate anti-arthritic effects of dried pomegranate concentrate powders (PCP), Eucommiae Cortex aqueous (EC) and ethanolic (ECe) extracts, Achyranthis Radix aqueous (AR) and ethanolic (ARe) extracts on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. Methods : MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium Bromide) assay was performed cytotoxic effect of test substances. In addition, anti-inflammatory effects were also observed on the lipopolysaccaride (LPS) treated chondrocytes through prostaglandin $E_2\;(PGE_2)$ production and 5-lipoxygenase (LPO) activities, and inhibitory effects on metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities were observed on the recombinant human interleukin $(rhIL)-1{\alpha}$ treated chondrocytes with their extracellular matrix (ECM) related mRNA expressions - collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan. Results : As results, ECe and ARe showed obvious cytotoxicity against primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, respectively. However, no obvious cytotoxic effects of PCP, EC and AR were demonstrated at a dose level of 10 mg/ml, on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes. In addition, treatment of LPS $50{\mu}g/ml$ induced significant increases of $PGE_2$ contents and 5-LPO activities indicating inflammatory responses of the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes, and also decreases of cell viabilities, increases of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities with decreases of extracellular matrix (ECM) related collagen type II, SOX9 and aggrecan mRNA expressions were observed by treatment of $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ 50 ng/ml, suggesting damages on the primary cultured rat articular chondrocytes and related ECM degradations. However, these inflammatory responses and related ECM degradations were inhibited by pretreatment of all test substances, in order of PCP > ECe > ARe > EC > AR, and $rhIL-1{\alpha}$ induced chondrocytes deaths are inhibited by treatment in order of PCP > EC > AR > ECe > ARe. Conclusions : Taken together, it is expected that mixed formulation of PCP as main components with appropriate proportion of EC and AR as additional components will be achieved a potent alternative medicinal food for osteoarthritis.