• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2004

Background: We previously reported that ginsan, a polysaccharide extracted from Panax ginseng had an immunostimulatory activity such as mitogenic activity, activation of macrophages and killer cells, and production of a variety of cytokines which resulted in antitumor and antiseptic effects. We further purified $\alpha$-(1$\longrightarrow$6)-glucan and $\beta$-(2$\longrightarrow$6)-fructan from the ginsan with size exclusion and ion-exchange column chromatography successively. In this study, we performed the structure-based activity of ginsan by comparison with known polysacchrides such as $\beta$-glucan, curdlan, laminarin, levan, dextran, lentinan and OK-432. Methods: To investigate the immunostimulatory activity of several polysaccharide compounds, we investigated the stimulation of lymphocytes proliferation, the generation of activated killer cells and the secretion of nitrites from activated macrophages. Results: Of polysaccharides tested, curdlan and ginsan stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting that the molecular weight and composition of polysaccharide are dependent on the mitogenic activity. The production of nitric oxide was significantly increased in curdlan, levan, ginsan and its fraction, indicating that fructan has also capacity to activate macrophages and may devote to kill pathogens. In addition, the activation of macrophages was seemed to be independent of molecular weight of polysaccharide. The generation of AK cells was exhibited in order of curdlan, OK-432> F1, ginsan, F3> levan> etc. The AK activity may be dependent on molecular weight and composition of polysaccharides. Conclusion: Unfortunately, purified polysaccharide from ginsan were less active on immunostimulatory activity than mixed compounds of polysaccharides. From the viewpoint of structure and activity relationships, we found several characteristic features.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.430-435
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• 2008

To maximize the obtained polysaccharides from Phellinus linteus mycelia, effects of extraction and purification conditions including dialysis time (8, 16, 24, 48 h) on an amount of the polysaccharides were investigated. As extraction temperature ($50{\sim}95^{\circ}C$), ratio of solvent volume to the dry weight of mycelia (10, 15, 20, 25 ml/g), extraction time(2, 4, 6, 8 h), final concentration of ethanol (70, 75, 80, 85%), and aging time (1, 4, 8, 16 h) increased, an amount of the polysaccharides was increased. An increase in precipitation time up to 24 h increased an amount of the polysaccharides but a further increase in precipitation time after 24 h did not changed largely an amount of the polysaccharides. Three precipitation solvents (ethanol, methanol, acetone) were tested. An amount of the polysaccharides was increased in order to acetone, ethanol, and methanol. On the optimal extraction condition, extraction temperature, ratio of water volume to the dry weight of mycelia, and extraction time were $95^{\circ}C$, 25 ml/g, and 8 h, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.470-477
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to choose prinicipal food components contained in diet foods and food additives used for manufacturing processed foods and elucidate their in vivo effects on the growth pattern of Helicobacter pylori. To do this the antibacterial effects of various sources of carbon nitrogen and mineral as an effect agent on Helicobacter pylori were first assessed based upon bacterial growth degree. results show that the source of carbon tested had different effects on bacterial growth of Helicobacter pylori. It was revealed that a promotional effect of monosaccharides resulted in enhanced growth of Helicobacter pylori compared with disaccharides and polysacchrides, in particular glucose was observed to be most effective in growth of Helicobacter pylori among monosaccharides teste whereas mannose to hinder the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Polyols such as sorbitol mannitol maltitol and xylitol was however observed to show no promotion or suppression effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Apart from these the sources of amino acid and inorganic nitrogen were chosen and tested to assess the promotion or suppression effect of nitrogen sources on growth of helicobacter pylori. It was found that amino acid such as lysine showed its promotion effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori while arginine (NH4)2SO4 and NH4Cl showed no effect on its growth. Ammoia and urea were however observed to have a positive effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori. Among these effect agents lysine and methionine were revealed to show the most positive effect on growth of Helicobacter pylori. Minerals such as MgSO4 KH2PO4 and MgCl2 appered to exert their positive growth effects whereas CaCl2 and CaSo4 had a little effect. In addition FeSO4 FeCl2 and FeCl3 brought suppression on the growth of helicobacter pylori. In studies of the growth of Helicobacter pylori by food additives ascorbic acid showed extreme suppression on its growth,. Sodium nitrate and sodium chloride were also found to be of negative effect on the growth of Helicobacter pylori in rder of degree whereas tocopherol had nothing to do with microbial growth.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2003

Neutral salt soluble [0.9% NaCl (Fr. NaCl)], hot water soluble (Fr. HW) and methanol soluble (Fr. MeOH) materials were extracted from Daedaleopsis tricolor. In vitro cytotoxicity tests, Fr. HW was not cytotoxic against cancer cell lines such as Sarcoma 180, HepG2 and HT-29 at the concentration of $0{\sim}2,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, while Fr. NaCl and Fr. MeOH were cytotoxic to the cell lines. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl showed antitumor effect with life prolongation of 77.4% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NnCl and Fr. HW improved proliferation of spleen cells and the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing spleen cells and the alkaline phosphatase activity by $1.7{\sim}2.4\;and\;2.2{\sim}8.7$ folds, respectively. Fr, NaCl generated $90\;{\mu}M$ of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7 at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, while lipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced $79{\mu}M$. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl (50 mg/kg body weight) increased the numbers of peritoneal exudate cells and circulating leukocytes by 10 folds and two folds, respectively, than in the control group. The antitumor effect of D, tricolor was likely due to immunopotentiation activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2003

Neutral salt soluble [0.9% NaCl (Fr. NaCl)], hot water soluble (Fr. HW) and methanol soluble (Fr. MeOH) materials were extracted from Paecilomyces sinclairii. In vitro cytotoxicity tests. Fr. HW was not cytotoxic against MH3T3, Sarcoma 180 and HepG2 cancer cell lines at the concentration of $0{\sim}2,000\;{\mu}g/ml$, while HT-29 cell line was cytotoxic at the concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. Fr. NaCl and Fr. MeOH were slightly cytotoxic to the cell lines. Intraperitoneal injection with Fr. NaCl and Fr. MeOH exhibited antitumor activity with life prolongation effect of 32.3% in mice inoculated with Sarcoma 180. Fr. NaCl improved proliferation of spleen cells and the immunopotentiation activity of B lymphocyte by increasing spleen cell numbers and the alkaline phosphatase activity by $2.4{\sim}2.6\;and\;2.7{\sim}3.9$ folds, respectively. Fr. NaCl generated $89\;{\mu}M$ of nitric oxide (NO) when cultured with RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, at the concentration of $50\;{\mu}g/ml$, while iipopolysaccharide, a positive control, produced $79\;{\mu}M$. The Fr. NaCl showed the hightest antitumor effect and activation of B lymphocytes and macrophage. From these results, antitumor effect of P. sinclaitii was likely due to immunopotentiation activity.