• 전기화학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.137-140
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• 2006

In order to overcome the weak actuation and relaxation problems during the deformation of IPMC actuator, polymeric anion (polystyrenesulfonate)-doped polypyrrole(Ppy(PSS)) was electrodeposited onto IPMC actuator. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study showed that hydrated cations were instilled into Ppy(PSS) film and polymeric-anion dopants introduced during polymerization were not expelled. Ppy(PSS)-coated IPMC actuator formed two electrode/electrolyte interfaces, Pt/nafion and Ppy(PSS)/bulk solution, and additive volume expansion phenomena at interfaces induced the large deformation compensating the relaxation of actuation by back diffusion of water.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1910-1918
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• 2005

Characterizing electrochemical polymerization of polypyrrole film on a substrate depends on many parameters. Among them, potential difference and cumulative charges play important role. The level of potential difference affects the quality of the polypyrrole. On the contrary, cumulative charge affects the thickness of the polypyrrole. The substrate surface is adjusted physically and chemically by treating with sandblasting and the addition of thiol for surface adhesion improvement. Experimental results show that the sandblasted and thiol treated substrate provides better. adhesion than non-sandblasted and non-thiol treated substrate.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제49권12호
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• pp.698-704
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• 2000

Mechanical performances of beam shaped and bridge-shaped conductive polymer actuator have been measured and analyzed varying polymerization conditions and operating conditions such as applied current, polymerizing time, frequency of the current and kinds of electrolytes. For the application of conductive polymer actuator to micropump, the diaphragm structure has been fabricated, which is composed of polypyrrole, solid polymer electrolyte and parylene. Measured results how the possibility of the practical application of conductive polymer actuator.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.826-832
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• 2001

본 연구에서는 폴리피를 (PPy)/gold/mylar 형태의 두 겹의 전기활성 구동기를 제작하였으며, 도판트의 종류에 따른 굽힘 구동 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 전도성 고분자는 전기적으로 산화/환원이 될 때에는 도판트의 이동에 의하여 부피 변화를 수반하게 된다. 도판트의 크기에 따라, 서로 다른 구동 특성을 나타내었는데, toluene sulfonate와 같은 작은 크기의 도판트는 산화/환원에 따라 PPy 필름의 내외로 자체 이동이 가능하며, 산화시에 PPy의 팽창이 관찰되었다. 그러나, dodecylbenzenesulfonate와 같은 커다란 도판트가 함유된 PPy는 산화/환원시에는 이들의 이온들은 움직임이 없는 것으로 나타났으며 환원시에 작은 양이온($Na^+$)이 필름내부로 유입되며 부피가 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.275-278
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• 2004

Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) is attractive for EAP actuator due to its merit in terms of light weight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption. The EAPap is based on cellulose paper, and is shown to involve primarily transport of ions in response to an external electric field. This actuating mechanism is similar to conductive polymer based actuators. For performance improvement of EAPap, hybrid actuators are tried. The actuators based on cellulose paper attached conducting polypyrrole, polyaniline and single wall carbon nanotube/polyaniline(emeraldine base) have been achieved by Electro chemical deposition and mechanical deposition of the polymers onto cellulose paper.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2002

In order to fabricate stable conductive polymer actuators which can be operated in air, conductivity and solidity of polymer electrolyte materials have been studied. It was found that Nafion+LiCl is appropriate material to be used for conductive polymer actuator. Using the Nafion+LiCl solid polymer electrolyte, single layer PPy actuators have been fabricated and their deflection was measured. Double layer PPy actuators make up for shortcoming of single layer PPy actuator and displacement and frequency response can be improved by fabrication of double layer PPy actuator. This kind of all-solid-polymer actuator can be used for practical applications.

• 센서학회지
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.446-451
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• 1998

전도성 고분자는 전기적 에너지를 기계적 에너지로 직접 전환할 수 있는 물질로서 액츄에이터 물질로 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 합성조건에서 합성한 폴리피롤의 두께를 측정하고 여러 두께의 고분자 필름의 기계적 벤딩을 측정하고 해석하였다. 기계적 벤딩의 측정을 위해 bridge 형태의 시편으로 bending beam method를 사용하였다. 폴리피롤의 두께는 합성시간에 선형적으로 비례하며 전류밀도에도 비교적 큰 전류밀도를 제외하고는 선형적으로 증가하였다. 가장 큰 변위는 $5.4{\mu}A/mm^2$, 120분에서 합성된 $18.35{\mu}m$ 두께의 필름이 0.1Hz의 주파수에서 나타났다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.1032-1038
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• 2009

A polypyrrole (PPy)/alumina composite filler prepared via in-situ polymerization of pyrrole on alumina particles was incorporated into $Nafion^{(R)}$ to improve the performance of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators. The IPMCs with the pristine PPy without alumina support did not show bending displacements superior to that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC, except at a high PPy content of 4 wt%. This result was attributed to the low redox efficiency of the PPy alone in the IPMC and may have also been related to the modulus of the IPMC. However, at the optimized filler contents, the cyclic displacement of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler was 2.2 times larger than that of the bare Nafion-based IPMC under an applied AC potential of 3 Vat 1 Hz. Even under a low AC potential of 1.5 V at 1 Hz, the displacement of the PPy/alumina-based IPMCs was a viable level of performance for actuator applications and was 2.7 times higher than that of the conventional Nafion-based IPMC. The generated blocking force was also improved with the PPy/aiumina composite filler. The greatly enhanced performance and the low-voltage-operational characteristic of the IPMCs bearing the PPy/alumina filler were attributed to the synergic effects of the neighboring alumina moiety near the PPy moiety involving electrochemical redox reactions.

• Composites Research
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2010

서로 다른 CNF(탄소 나노섬유) 함유량을 가진 신 재료인 CNF/폴리피롤(PPy) 복합재료 필름들이 세계 최초로 화학적 전해 중합법으로 제조 되었다. 기존의 물리적 혼합법으로 제조된 필름과 비교하면 재료의 유연성이 매우 증가하였다. 복합재료와의 비교를 위해서 순수 폴리피롤 필름 역시 전해중합 방법으로 제조되었다. 전자주사현미경(SEM)으로 재료 샘플의 전극면, 용액면, 단면을 각각 촬영하여 그 재료 특성을 분석하였다. 각 복합재료 샘플의 전기전도성은 4점 탐침법으로 측정 되었다. 각 필름의 전도성은 두께가 0.013cm인 순수 PPy 필름은 79.33S/cm, 두께가 0.018cm이고 CNF 함유량 5% CNF/PPy 필름은 93S/cm, 두께가 0.017cm이고 CNF 함유량 10% CNF/PPy 필름은 126S/cm으로 측정되었다. CNF의 함유량이 증가할수록 PPy의 전도성이 크게 증가하는 것으로 확인되었으며, CNF/PPy 복합재료의 좋은 전도성은 소형의 굽힘 작동기로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 높인다. 이를 입증하기 위해서 공기 중에서 작동 가능한 PPy 굽힘 센서를 설계하여 유한요소법으로 해석하였다.