• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 1998

Egg is an important foods containing many good proteins. But it is well known that egg protein has a lot of allergenicity. The purpose of this study is to develop the methods to reduce the allergenicity of egg. I tried various experimental methods ; For example, heat treatment, irradiation with ultraviolet and microwaves, treatment with polyphosphate, enzyme hydrolysis and PCA inhibition test using guinea pigs and degrees of hydrolysis. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Heat treatment reduced allergenicity of egg protein. The longer the heat time, the better the effect. 2. Irradiating with ultraviolet and microwave increased both the degree of protein hydrolysis and PCA inhibition reduced the allergenicity. Ultraviolet was more effective than microwaves on egg protein. Fertilized eggs did not reduce allergenicity. 3. Enzyme treatment increased the degree of hydrolysis and PCA inhibition, and reduced allergenicity considerably. Alcalase was more effective than neutrase. 4. Adding polyphosphate did not induced protein hydrolysis, but increased PCA inhibition and reduced allergenicity. 5. The picture of various treatments of egg gel by SEM showed a light surface which indicated that protein was desolved. Neutrase was lighter than alcalase, and the longer the heating time, the lighter the surface became. 6. Measurements of the hardness of egg gel by Instron showed that the longer the reaction time with enzyme, the softer it became.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 1985

The effect of exogenous phosphate supply on the regulation of phosphate metabolism was investegated during catabolic repression and catabolic derepression in yeast (Saccharomyces uvarum). As the results, when sugar was supplimented in cells cultivated under phosphate free, the growith rate was low but it was capable of cell division. Polyphosphate "B" was accumulated highly in proportion to amount of phosphate added to the medium. Without regard to phosphate supply of the medium, the total amount of polyphospgate was almost similar, although each polyphosphate was turned over. Activities of all phosphatases remained continuousoy high in the cells cultivated in the phosphate free medium. Especially under catabolic repression, the function of polyphosphate system was shown to compensate the ATP/ADP system as phosphate donor, energy source and regulator.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.498-505
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• 2003

This was studied to evaluate the rheology properties of the Dumpling shell added chitosans(commercial and prepared from fungal), polyphosphate, guargum and tapioca. The physicochemical properties of fungal chitosans (FCs95 and FCs 40) were as follows respectively. The nitrogen was 6.71% and 6.9％, the solubility 99.05% and 99.13％, the viscosity 2.23cps and 2.21cps, the acetylation 12.0% and 12.7% and the molecular weight 3.12${\times}$10$\^$5/Dalton and 3.01${\times}$10$\^$5/Dalton. From the above facts, the components and physicochemical properties of two kinds of fungal chitosan had little difference. The addition of polyphosphate, guargum and tapioca showed effect on the texture parameters(hardness, cohesiveness, springiness and gumminess) of Dumpling shell dough and the optimum addition concentration wag 0.074%, 6.59% and 0.062%(w/w), respectively. In case of chiotsans addition, texture of the dough by added SCs, FCs95 and FCs40 showed effect.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.501-507
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• 2016

The corpus callosum is a bundle of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and is essential for coordinated transmission of information between them. Disruption of early stages of callosal development can cause agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC), including both complete and partial callosal absence, causing mild to severe cognitive impairment. Despite extensive studies, the etiology of AgCC remains to be clarified due to the complicated mechanism involved in generating AgCC. The biological function of PI3K signaling including phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate is well established in diverse biochemical processes including axon and dendrite morphogenesis, but the function of the closely related phosphatidylinositol-3,4,-bisphosphate (PI(3,4)P2) signaling, particularly in the nervous system, is largely unknown. Here, we provide the first report on the role of inositol polyphosphate 4-phosphatase II (INPP4B), a PI(3,4)P2 metabolizing 4-phosphatase in the regulation of callosal axon formation. Depleting INPP4B by in utero electroporation suppressed medially directed callosal axon formation. Moreover, depletion of INPP4B significantly attenuated formation of Satb2-positive pyramidal neurons and axon polarization in cortical neurons during cortical development. Taken together, these data suggest that INPP4B plays a role in the regulating callosal axon formation by controlling axon polarization and the Satb2-positive pyramidal neuron population. Dysregulation of INPP4B during cortical development may be implicated in the generation of partial AgCC.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.1 s.72
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• pp.71-79
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• 1995

The mechanism of cadmium adaptation and detoxification in Rhizopus oryzae was investigated. The lag phase was lengthened as the concentration of cadmium increased. Detoxication of cadmium were postulated to be primarily operated by the induction of two cadmium binding proteins and increment of inorganic polyphosphate pools in adaptation phase. After adaptation, inorganic polyphosphate system has been involved in turnover and compartmentalization. The secondary system for cadmium adaptation and detoxification might be derepression of ACPase activity and the synthesis of phosphatidyl serine. It has been considered that the overall changes for cadmium adaptation and detoxfication eventually influence on the morphology, resulting in the dispersed filamentous type which may be the most advantageous form.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.34 no.3_spc
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• pp.463-470
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• 2021

Objective: This experiment was conducted to find out the immunological effects of wheat phytase when long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) treated with wheat phytase was added to a macrophage cell line, Raw 264.7, when compared to intact long-chain polyP. Methods: Nitric oxide (NO) production of Raw 264.7 cells exposed to P700, a long-chain polyP with an average of 1,150 phosphate residues, treated with or without wheat phytase, was measured by Griess method. Phagocytosis assay of P700 treated with or without phytase in Raw 264.7 cells was investigated using neutral red uptake. The secretion of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) by Raw 264.7 cells with wheat phytase-treated P700 compared to intact P700 was observed by using Mouse TNF-α enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased NO production of Raw 264.7 cells by 172% when compared with intact P700 at 12 h exposure. At 5 mM of P700 concentration, wheat phytase promoted NO production of macrophages most strongly. P700, treated with wheat phytase, stimulated phagocytosis in macrophages at 12 h exposure by about 1.7-fold compared to intact P700. In addition, P700 treated with wheat phytase effectively increased in vitro phagocytic activity of Raw 264.7 cells at a concentration above 5 mM when compared to intact P700. P700 dephosphorylated by wheat phytase increased the release of TNF-α from Raw 264.7 cells by 143% over that from intact P700 after 6 h exposure. At the concentration of 50 μM P700, wheat phytase increased the secretion of cytokine, TNF-α, by 124% over that from intact P700. Conclusion: In animal husbandry, wheat phytase can mitigate the long-chain polyP causing damage by improving the immune capabilities of macrophages in the host. Thus, wheat phytase has potential as an immunological modulator and future feed additive for regulating immune responses caused by inflammation induced by long-chain polyP from bacterial infection.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.1286-1300
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• 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of sodium long chain polyphosphate (SLCPP) and effect of dietary supplementation of SLCPP on growth performance, organ characteristics, blood metabolites, and intestinal microflora of broilers. Antimicrobial activities of SLCPP were observed against Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica ser. Pullorum, Shigella sonnei, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in agar well diffusion assay. In addition, SLCPP demonstrated good anti-biofilm activity against K. pneumonia and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, to investigate the dietary effect of SLCPP, a total of 480 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly allotted to three dietary treatment groups (4 replicates per group, 40 birds in each replicate): an antibiotic-free corn-soybean meal basal diet (NC); basal diet + enramycin 0.01% (PC); and basal diet + 0.1% SLCPP (SPP). The experiment lasted for 35 days. Results showed that birds fed with SLCPP had higher body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), and lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the grower phase (days 7 to 21) (p < 0.05). Except for blood urea nitrogen, all other blood biochemical parameters remained unaffected by the dietary supplementation of SLCPP. Compared to the control group, lengths of the duodenum and ileum in the SPP group were significantly shorter (p < 0.05). Moreover, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), total aerobes, and Streptococcus spp. in jejunum as well as LAB in cecum were increased in the SPP group than in the PC group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary supplementation of SLCPP might promote the growth of broilers in their early growth phase.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.892-901
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• 2022

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the potential effect of wheat phytase on long-chain inorganic polyphosphate (polyP)-mediated interleukin 8 (IL-8) signaling in an intestinal epithelial cell line, HT-29 cells. Methods: Cell viability and the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8 in HT-29 cells exposed to polyP1150 (average of 1,150 phosphate residues) treated with or without wheat phytase were measured by the EZ-CYTOX kit and the IL-8 ELISA kit, respectively. Also, the activation of cellular inflammatory factors NF-κB and MAPK (p38 and ERK 1/2) in HT-29 cells was investigated using ELISA kits. Results: PolyP1150 negatively affected the viability of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent manner. However, 100 mM polyP1150 dephosphorylated by wheat phytase increased cell viability by 1.4-fold over that of the intact substrate. Moreover, the 24 h exposure of cells to enzyme-treated 50 mM polyP1150 reduced the secretion of IL-8 and the activation of NF-κB by 9% and 19%, respectively, compared to the intact substrate. PolyP1150 (25 and 50 mM) dephosphorylated by the enzyme induced the activation of p38 MAPK via phosphorylation to 2.3 and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to intact substrate, even though it had little effect on the expression of ERK 1/2 via phosphorylation. Conclusion: Wheat phytase could attenuate polyP1150-induced IL-8 release in HT-29 cells through NF-κB, independent of MAP kinases p38 and ERK. Thus, wheat phytase may alleviate inflammatory responses including hypercytokinemia caused by bacterial polyP infection in animals. Therefore, wheat phytase has the potential as an anti-inflammatory therapeutic supplement in animal husbandry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 1998

In an attempt to evaluate the effects of alkali agents on properties of Ramyon, cooking quality, textural and sensory properties were examined. The shear extrusion force of Ramyon made from sample A(potassium carbonate 64%, sodium carbonate 14%, sodium pyrophosphate 2% and sodium metaphosphate 20%), sample B(potassium carbonate 31%, sodium carbonate 39% , sodium pyrophosphate 1%, sodium metaphosphate 15%, sodium polyphosphate 8%, sodium phosphate monobasic 4% and sodium phosphate dibasic 2%), sample C(potassium carbonate 60%, sodium carbonate 33% and sodium pyrophosphate 7%), and sample D(potassium carbonate 44%, sodium carbonate 27%, sodium metaphosphate 27% and sodium polyphosphate 2%) were 12.80(kgf), 10.35(kgf), 9.05(kgf) and 8.45(kgf), respectively, but that of control I was 5.24(kgf). The hardness of Ramyon manufactured with sample A, B, C and D were 18.57(kgf), 16.48(kgf), 14.26(kgf) and 12.34(kgf), respectively, but that of control I was 11.23(kgf). At cooking quality examination of Ramyon made from several alkali agents, weight of cooked Ramyon was increased but volume was appeared in vice versa. Extraction amounts of Ramyon manufactured with several alkali agents during cooking were from 35% to 38%, but that of control I was 70%. These changes will provided many advantages in the preparation of Ramyon. The $I_2$ reaction value(${\alpha}-degree$ of noodle) of Ramyon manufactured with several alkali agents and control were shown to almost same values, from 2.10 to 2.20. Sensory properties of cooked Ramyon which was manufactured with several alkali agents showed quite acceptable.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.130-138
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• 1981

Discoloration of canned boiled oysters during storage is one of the serious problems which affect the quality of the products as well as the nutritive value. Usually the factors influencing the quality of canned boiled oysters are the process of pretreatments and the storage temperature of the products. In the present work, the changes of the total chlorophylls and carotenoids in the meat and the viscera of oysters were determined in order to make certain the procedure of the discoloration. In addition, the amino-N and the available lysine as factors of the nutritive value were also checked. In case of treatment with additives, direct addition of syrups containing additives just before seaming or soaking boiled oysters into the solution of additives seemed to have mild effects on retardation of discoloration. The migration of carotenoids from the viscera into the meat was faster than that of chlorophyll resulting in yellowing of the Products preceded greening caused by the chlorophylls. Treatment with $0.5\%\; Na_{2}EDTA\;of\;2.5\%$ brine retarded discoloration and available lysine loss of the Products while sodium-polyphosphate accelerated them. It was probably due to that sodium-polyphosphate could affect the softening or breakdown of the muscle of oysters. But most of all, storage temperature of canned boiled oysters seemed to be the major factor influencing the discoloration and nutritive loss of the products.