• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.516-522
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• 2008

Biodegradable polymers have been used extensively as scaffolding materials to regenerate new tissues and the ingrowth of tissue have been reported to be dependent directly of the porosity, pore diameter, pore shape, and porous structure of the scaffold. In this study, porous poly (L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds with five different pore sizes were fabricated to investigate the effect of pore sizes for AF tissue regeneration. Cellular viability and proliferation were assayed by MTT test. Hydroxyproline/DNA content of AF cells on each scaffold was measured. sGAG analyses were performed at each time point of 2 and 6 weeks. Scaffold seeded AF cells were implanted into the back of athymic nude mouse to observe the difference of formation of disc-like tissue depending on pore size in vivo. We confirmed that scaffold with $180{\sim}250{\mu}m$ pores displayed high cell viability in vitro and produced higher ECM than scaffold with other pore sizes in vivo.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.23-32
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• 2004

Metals, ceramics and polymers are widely used as bioimplant materials. However, Ti and Ti alloys are widely used because of its high strength to weight ratio and good biocompatibility when implanted in the body. In this experiment, Ti alloys of Grade-4 (gr4), 0.2 wt % Fe, 0.5 wt % Fe and 2 wt % Fe were studied for their surface morphology and HAp forming ability on the metal substrate for different treatments. Intially, the samples were mechanically polished on silicone carbide paper (No.-2000). The polished samples were treated with 5M NaOH solution at $60^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. The NaOH treated samples were washed gently with distill water and dried at $40^{\circ}C$ for 1 day. The dried samples were heated in air at $600^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The surface morphology of these samples were studied using SEM. The SEM studies showed network of pores in all samples. These samples were immersed in stimulated body fluids (SBF) kept at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for different periods over the length of 1 to 14 days. The apatite formation was confirmed on all Ti-alloys using EDAX.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.182-191
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• 2007

Bioabsorbable devices have been utilized and experimented in many aspects of orthopaedic surgery. Depending upon their constituent polymers, these materials can be tailored to provide sufficient rigidity to allow bone healing, retain mechanical strength for certain period of time, and then eventually begin to undergo degradation. The objective of this study was to estimate extent in which Poly-L-latic acid (PLLA) implants had bioabsorbability and biocompatibility with bone and soft tissue in dogs and also to develop bioabsorbable, biocompatible materials with the appropriate strength and degradation characteristics to allow for regular clinical use for treating orthopedic problems in humans as well as animals. Eighteen dogs were used as experimental animals and were inserted two types of PLLA implants. PLLA rods were inserted into subcutaneous tissue of back or the abdomen wall. And the rods were tested for material properties including viscosity, molecular weight, melting point, melting temperature, crystallinity, flexural strength, and flexural modulus over time. PLLA screws were inserted through cortical bone into bone marrow in the femur of the dogs and stainless steel screw was inserted in the same femur. Radiographs were taken after surgery to observe locations of screw. Histological variations including cortical bone response, muscular response, bone marrow response were analyzed over the time for 62weeks. The physical properties of PLLA rods had delicate balances between mechanical, thermal and viscoelastic factors. PLLA screws did not induce any harmful effects and clinical complications on bone and soft tissue for degradation period. These results suggest that PLLA implants could be suitable for clinical use.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.437-443
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• 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the optical and physical and characteristics of soft contact lens polymerized with addition of 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid in the basic hydrogel contact lens material. In particular, the utility of 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine- 4-carboxylic acid as a hydrogel contact lens material was investigated. Methods: In this study, 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid were used as additives. Also, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and a cross-linker EGDMA were co-polymerized in the presence of AIBN as an initiator. Results: The physical properties of the produced polymers were measured as followings. The water content of 34.54~37.15%, refractive index of 1.4320~1.4342, tensile strength of 0.2872~0.3608 kgf and contact angle of $57.82{\sim}79.57^{\circ}$, UV-B transmittance of 76.8~82.4% and UV-A transmittance of 84.6~86.6% were obtained respectively. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, contact lens material containing 3-chloropyridine-4-carboxylic acid and 3-fluoropyridine-4-carboxylic acid is expected to be able to used as a material for high wettability and UV-block hydrogel contact lens.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.742-748
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• 2005

Transparent conductive indium-tin oxide (ITO) films are widely used as transparent electrodes for flat panel displays. Many of the ITO films for practical use have been prepared by magnetron sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, electron beam evaporation, etc. An oxide target composed of 10 wt% $SnO_2$ and 90 wt% $In_2O_3$ has been deposited onto polycyclic olefin polymer (POP) substrate by electron beam evaporation. POP has a higher glass transition temperature ($Tg=330^{\circ}C$) than other conventional polymers. In this study, the effects of substrate temperature and the $O_2$ introduction flow rate were investigated in terms of physical, electrical and optical properties of deposited ITO films. We investigated the effects of processing variables such as substrate temperature and the oxygen introduction flow rate. The best electrical and optical properties of deposited ITO films obtained from this study were electrical resistivity value of ${\rho}=1.78{\times}10^{-3}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$ and optical transmittance of about 85% at 8 sccm (Standard Cubic Centimeter per Minute) $O_2$ introduction flow rate, $5{\AA}/sec$ deposition rate, $1000{\AA}$ deposited ITO thickness and $200^{\circ}C$ substrate temperature.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.607-611
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• 1999

Carrageenan are sulfated polymers containing galactose and anhydrogalctose units, and is used for its gelling, thickening, stabilizing, emulsifying, and suspending properties. However, carrageenan is limited to use beyond $0.03\%$ as food additives because of its high degree of gelling and viscosity with low solubility. The use of ultrasound significantly reduced the viscosity of $\lambda$-carrageenan solutions. The optimal parameters of ultrasound for reduction of carrageenan molecular weight were temperature, $10^{\circ}C$ ultrasound intensity, 114.7 $W/cm^2$ ; carrageenan concentration, $2\%$; treatment time, 10 min. The molecular weights of control, ultrasound peak 1, and peak 2 were approximately 250,000, 184,000, and 67,000 daltons, respectively. The lower molecular weight of $\lambda$-carrageenan showed the higher solubility, the lower alcohol precipitation ratio and the lower emulsifying capacity. Browning degree of both control and lower molecular $\lambda$-carrageenans was not significantly different.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2014

This study was designed to find an appropriate biomaterial to proliferate Schwann cell (SC). Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films mixed with demineralized bone particle (DBP), small intestine submucosa (SIS), and silk were fabricated by a solvent casting method. Analysis of MTT, SEM and RT-PCR were performed to confirm adhesion and proliferation of SC. Contact angle of films was assayed for hydrophilicity of films. We confirmed that PLGA/DBP 20% film showed higher hydrophilicity, promoted adhesion and proliferation of SC than other films. It was concluded that PLGA/DBP film can be applied for the scaffold biomaterials for the regeneration of central nerve system.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2011

A variety of natural polymers have been used as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery system, and cosmetic materials due to their higher biocompatibility and water uptake. As a major component of extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid consisting of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetylglucosamine has been popularly used as a hydrogel material. Even though it has good properties to be used in the tissue engineering and cosmetic industry, its higher viscosity has limited a potential use in a variety of applications; only low content should be applied in preparing above products. In the present study, we investigated the effect of electron beam irradiation on the properties of hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid paste containing low contents of water changed to solution after electron beam irradiation ranging from 1 to 10 kGy, which didn't exhibit any alteration of surface properties and morphological change after freeze-drying. However, its viscosity was significantly decreased as absorbed dose increased, which was approximately one by hundred in comparison with the viscosity of original hyaluronic acid solution with same concentration. In addition, it can still interact with positive charged chitosan generating polyelectrolyte complex. Therefore, only viscosity was decreased after electron beam irradiation, whereas other properties of hyaluronic acid maintained. Consequently, these hyaluronic acids with lower viscosities can be used in a variety of applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and cosmetic industry.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.217-217
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• 2019

해안과 하천이 위치해 있는 낙동강하구의 담 염수 경계면 추적 연구에서 담 염수 경계면의 담수기원특성을 분석하기 위해서는 담 염수 경계면을 이루는 담수의 기원이 하천 혹은 지하수 인지를 규명하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 담 염수 경계면에 있는 담수는 일반적으로 하천과 지하수에 의한 것으로, 낙동강하구 일원을 대상으로 지하수공 내 해수침투 여부 파악을 위해 화학적(유기물) 분석을 실시하였다. 이와 아울러 낙동강하구 일원에서 담 염수 경계면에서 채취한 수질시료의 담수기원을 분석하기 위하여 K-water연구원 수질안전센터에 지하수공 7개지점(BH-1~7호공)의 심도별 물시료 2~4개지점(총 23개 지점), 하천(1개 지점), 해수 및 해안유출수(각 1개 지점)를 포함한 26개 시료를 LC-OCD(Liquid Chromatography-Organic Carbon Detector)로 분석하였다. LC-OCD 분석결과 특성은 기본적으로 유기물질이 물에서 유래한 aquagenic 혹은 토양층에서 유래한 pedogenic 유기물질 인지에 달려있다. 댐 또는 하천에서 pedogenic 유기물의 농도는 일반적으로 유역분지의 수문 또는 수리지질학적 경로에 의존한다. pedogenic 유기물들은 주로 상대적으로 작은 분자량을 갖는 친수성, 높은 사슬밀도 및 내화성 분자특성을 갖는 펄빅산으로 구성된다. aquagenic 유기물질은 수생 식물성 생물이나 플랑크톤의 분해 산물로서 세포벽에서 유래된 peptidoglycans와 고분자량의 polysaccharides 등을 포함한다(Chio & Jung, 2008; Buffle, 1988). 담 염수 경계면 추적을 위한 7개 관측공의 심도별 수질시료는 하천, 해수, 그리고 해안유출수의 용존유기탄소를 분석하기 위하여 LC-OCD로 정밀분석하였다. 그 결과, humic, 휴믹물질의 산화물질인 building blocks, 생물고분자 물질(bio-polymers), neutrals, acids로 분석되었으며, 일반적인 자연유기물질의 기원은 pedogenic과 aquagenic 유기물질로 분류된다. IHSS 표준물질 분석 등을 통한 SUVA 값으로부터 자연유기물질의 기원정보를 제공하는 HS-Diagram으로 도시한 결과, 2018년 11월 2일 조사한 26개의 원수시료 전체는 pedogenic fulvic acid〉aquagenic fulvic acid으로 하천의 기원이 우세한 것으로 분석되었다. BH-1호공과 BH-6호공의 특정 1개구간 GL.-6m를 제외한 모든 구간에서 aquagenic FA의 지하수 기원으로 분석되었으며, 나머지 지하수공(BH-2, 3, 4, 5, 7)과 하천 및 해안유출수는 유역분지 수문학적 경로인 pedogenic FA의 하천 기원의 담수인 것으로 분석된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

As a part of studies to lower the infrared (IR) emissivity from the surface of exhaust nozzle in the turbo jet engine, stainless steel plate was coated with copper particle/meta-aramid resin composites and the IR emissivity of the plate were investigated. Binders of filler particles based on synthetic polymers generally undergo thermal decomposition before $300^{\circ}C$. It was found that the meta aramid resin was thermally stable after the test at $320^{\circ}C$, confirming the excellent thermal stability. Contents of copper particles in the composites were varied from 0 to 70% by volume. It was observed that the copper particle/meta aramid resin composites showed good adhesion after the tests at $320^{\circ}C$. The specimen coated with the composite containing 50 vol% of copper particles showed the lowest IR emissivity, 0.6, at $320^{\circ}C$.