• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.265-266
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• 2001

PCDDS and PCDFs are very stable chcmicals and have very long residence times in the environment and in organisms, including humans. Their hydrophobicity promotes accumulation in sediments and organisms, resulting in high concentrations in both sediments and organisms. Among toxicological effects reports arc teratogenicity, reduce reproduction, liver toxicity, decreased growth rate and behavioral changes (Zeise et al., 1990; Huff, 1992). PCDDs/DFs are inadvertently produced from various combustion sources and manufacturing processes, such as municipal solid waste incineration (Olie et at., 1977), motor vehicles (Marklund et al., 1987), steel mills (Tysklind et al., 1989), and chemical production processes (Hutzinger et al., 1985). (omitted)

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.1078-1085
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• 2010

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) are bioaccumulative chemicals that are considered to be toxic contaminants based on several epidemiological studies. These chemicals in colostrum were investigated and estimated for their residual consistencies by maternal characteristics like parity and maternal ages. Test subjects were healthy primipara and multipara mothers with a mean age of 31.5 (S.D=3.6) in 2007. Seven isomers of PCDDs, 10 of PCDFs, 4 of non-orthopolychlorinated biphenyls(non-ortho PCBs) and 8 of mono-orthochlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls (mono-ortho PCBs) were analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. From the analyzed data, the mean level of total WHO-TEQs was 9.41 pg TEQ/g lipid, which is significantly lower than the level found in individuals from other countries. The main contributors to the total WHO-TEQs with increasing percentages were 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 3,3',4,4',5-PCB (#126), and they accounted for more than 60% of the total WHO-TEQs. PCDFs concentrations and total WHO-TEQs were negatively associated with parity (p<0.05), and maternal age was positively associated with total WHO-TEQs (p<0.01). However, the associations with body mass index (BMI) and fish intake during pregnancy were not significant. These results were suggested that parity and maternal age are an important factor affecting the concentrations of PCDD/DFs and dl-PCBs in these specimens.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

There are among the most relevant toxic emissions from incinerators such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 catalyzed 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase(EROD) activity in mammalian cell culture(EROD bioassay) is thought to be a selective and sensitive parameter used for the quantification of dioxin-like components. In this study, the toxic emissions from several school waste incinerators were evaluated by determination of CYPIA catalytic activity and cytotoxicity using cell culture microbioassay. The incinerator residue and soil samples were collected from the schools located in Kyunggi province from April to June 1999. The samples were extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using toluene for 20 hours. In order to clean-up, concentrated crude extracts were applied to basic alumina column. The EROD activities of extracts in the H4IIE cells were from 1.91$\pm$0.32 ng-TEQ/g to 24.54$\pm$3.48 ng-TEQ/g of biochemical-TEQ value. In soil samples, CYP1A catalytic activity was 0.09~0.64 ng-TEQ/g. EROD bioassay, seems to be a useful short-term bioassay when information about the biological response of complex environmental samples is needed. Although further study is needed, these results indicate that the potent toxic emissions are produced from school waste semi-incinerators.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2003

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) are widespread, persistant, and highly toxic environmental pollutants. TCDD is the most potent congener among PCDDs and the most thoroughly investigated model compound of this class of chemicals. These compounds elicit a variety of common biochemical and toxic response, including specific binding to the cytosolic AHR [1] and induces a variety of biological response ranging from induction of cytochrome P-450 1A (CYP1A) to liver damage and cancer [2]. This study was carried out to investigate the protective effects of YCY, extract of a cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, on hepatotoxicity in 6-week-old SD rat exposured to TCDD (omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.286-293
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• 1999

A comnprehensive process which combines chemical with thermal treatment by controlled counterflow oxidation has been developed for disposal of PCBs in transformer oil. PCBs which not completely removed by chemical treatment, after being filtered with appropriate adsorbent during the oil circulations, was thermally treated. Destruction efficiencies of better than 99.99% was obtained, with no measurable formation of PCDDs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins) or PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofurans). The combination also permits high recovery of oil and inorganic supports from scrap power transformers. The process is environmentally benign, easy to use and less capital intensive than other available technologies.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.513-523
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• 1995

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are the most concerned toxic organic pollutants to human. Because of their extremely high toxicity and uncertain genotoxic potential, their determination in environmental and biological samples is of great interest. Municipal solid waste incinerator facilities have been reported as the major contributors of dioxins and furans to the environment, and their formation from combustion is a universal phenomenon, everywhere. In this study dioxins and furans were analyzed from the bottom ash produced during combustion in an municipal waste incinerator located in Seoul. The EPA method was modified for sample pretreatment: the soxhlet method was used for extraction and clean-up procedures were performed by using silica and basic alumina, excluding active-carbon. The extract was then analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. A general trend of increase in the amounts of 6∼7 chlorine-substituted dioxins and furans was observed. Total dioxins, furans and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were determined as 8.05 ng/g, 4.75 ng/g, and 6.93 pg/g, respectively.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2005

The elution patterns of seventeen 2,3,7,8-substituted PCDDs/Fs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs were studied by both manual open columns and automatic parallel LC columns in cleanup procedure. PCDDs/Fs and non-ortho-PCBs from other mono-ortho-PCBs were separated on automatic LC column, whereas they were not separated on an open manual column. The elution study on two cleanup methods was carried out using the PAR solution of unlabeled congeners and checked the recovery of each congener. Total recoveries of cleanup fractionation were ranged between 61.9 ~ 96.0% for PCDDs/Fs and 70.4 ~ 79.0% for PCBs by manual open columns and 71.8 ~ 104.5% for PCDDs/Fs and 61.3-120.3% for PCBs by automatic parallel LC columns, respectively. Unfortunately, #169-HxCB and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were not separated on DB-5MS capillary column. The ions of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD were selected at M/M+2 instead of M+2/M+4 suggested by EPA method 1613. It is possible to discriminate 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and PCB #169 in HRGC/HRMS analysis.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2004

Dioxin CRM for QA/QC was prepared with fly ash collected from municipal waste incinerator. With that CRM inter-laboratory test was carried out. The collected fly ash was conducted several homogeneity steps including sievings and mixing. Homogeneity test and estimation of uncertainty was performed by one-way ANOVA based on ISO guide 35. Compared concentrations of fly ash of participants to CRM values, PCDDs value was lower than that of CRM in almost participants, and showed higher PCDFs concentration than that of CRM. Although there is a small difference in PCDD/Fs concentrations with congeners of extract, the result was close to mean value.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2015

Objectives: Pine needles were used as a passive air sampler (PAS) of atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study was performed to investigate concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) deposited on pine needles near a waste incinerator and PCDD/Fs source contributions using principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Two-year-old pine needles were sampled at 11 points with respect to distance and wind direction from the incinerator. PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needles were analyzed with HRGC/HRMS. The source contribution of PCA was calculated with SPSS. Results: The average concentration of PCDD/Fs deposited on pine needle was 0.79 (0.27-1.76) pg TEQ/g dry, PCDDs with 0.24 (0.01-0.95) pg TEQ/g dry and PCDFs with 0.56 (0.27-0.82) pg TEQ/g dry, respectively. The average concentration fraction of PCDDs was 29.7%, that of PCDFs was 70.3%, and PCDFs were more prevalent than PCDDs. The contributions of PCDD/Fs sources were estimated as incineration at 58.3% and automobiles at 28.4%. However, a relation and regulation between PCDD/Fs concentrations deposited on pine needles and distance from incinerator or wind direction was not shown. Conclusion: It was concluded that atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentrations near an industrial complex with a waste incinerator were affected by multiple sources. However, PCDD/Fs concentrations were lower than in other inland cities with the exception of background area.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.790-795
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• 1997

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofuransfurans are the archetype of toxic chemicals. So it has absorbed public attention. The majors primary sources of PCDDS and PCDFs are chemical, thermal and photochemical reactions. Municipal solid waste incinerator facilities has been reported as the major contributors of dioxins to the environment. In this paper, Dioxins and furans were examined emission gas and fly ash produced during combustion in municipal solid waste incinerator. More effective method for sampling, extraction was described. The sample was extracted using a soxhlet method and purified using silicagel, alumina and carbon fibre HPLC to remove interfering compound. The extract was then analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. The result of this study showed recovery standard was good and the data resembled those of thermal processes. Total dioxins and furans were $1076.20pg/Nm^3$ and $1452.34pg/Nm^3$ respectively. The amount of highly chlorinated compound was more than that of lowly chlorinated compound. The 2,3,7,8-substituted TCDD was Just 0.34% of the total dioxins/furans amount.