• Membrane Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2011

An amphiphilic graft copolymer consisting of a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone and poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) side chains (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This polymer electrolyte membrane was ion-exchanged to Ag ions by immersing in 10 wt% $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution and templated the growth of Ag nanoparticles by a reducing agent. The formation of Ag nanoparticles was confirmed using UV-visible spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that utilization of $NaBH_4$ was the most effective in the formation of Ag nanoparticles with 10~15 nm in size. The formation of Ag nanoparticles was also strongly affected by the concentration of reducing agent and reduction time.

• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.154-159
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• 2014

In this study, PVC-LMO beads were prepared by immobilizing lithium manganese oxide (LMO) with poly vinyl chloride (PVC) diluted in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent on behalf of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). XRD analysis confirmed that LMO was immobilized well in PVC-LMO beads. The diameter of PVC-LMO beads synthesized by DMSO was about 4 mm. The adsorption experiments of lithium ions by PVC-LMO beads were conducted batchwise. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir model was 21.31 mg/g. The adsorption characteristics of lithium ions by PVC-LMO beads was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. It was considered that the internal diffusion was the rate controlling step.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.46-51
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• 1993

Poly(vinyl chloride) was modified by reacting with sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate or N-methyl-N-carboxymethyldithiocarbamate to obtain crosslinked dithiocarbamated PVC(PMD, PSDC). In addition PSDC were substituted with metal ions of $Ma^+, Li^+$ and $Cs^+$. PLMD and PSDC were reacted with copper ions in alcohol or aqueous solution to produce chelate complexes of dithiocarbanated PVC, respectively(PMD-$Cu^{2+}$, PSDC-$Cu^{2+}$). PSDC was irradiated by ultraviolet light to enhance crosslinking(PSDC-UV).

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.247-255
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• 2015

Poly(1,2-propylene glycol adipate) (PPA) was used as an environmentally friendly plasticizer in flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties of the PVC/PPA blends were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile test, scanning electron microscopy and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheometry. The results showed that PPA lowered the glass transition temperature of PVC. The introduction of PPA could decrease tensile strength and Young's modulus of the PVC/PPA blends; however, elongation-at-break was dramatically increased due to the plastic deformation. The plasticization effect of PPA was also manifested by the decrease of dynamic storage modulus and viscosity in the melt state of the blends. The results indicated that PPA had a good plasticizing effect on PVC.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2009

A series of organic-inorganic composite membranes from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) graft copolymer electrolyte and heteropolyacid (HPA) were prepared for proton conducting membranes. First, poly(vinyl chloride)-g-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of PVC. HPA nanoparticles were then incorporated into the PVC-g-PSSA graft copolymer though the hydrogen bonding interactions, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The proton conductivity of the composite membranes increased from 0.049 to 0.068 S/cm at room temperature with HPA contents up to 0.3 weight traction of HPA, presumably due to both the intrinsic conductivity of HPA particles and the enhanced acidity of the sulfonic acid of the graft copolymer. The water uptake decreased from 130 to 84% with the increase of HPA contents up to 0.45 of HPA weight traction, resulting from the decrease in number of water absorption sites due to hydrogen bonding interaction between the HPA particles and the polymer matrix. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the enhancement of thermal stabilities of the composite membranes with increasing concentration of HPA.

• The monthly packaging world
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• s.94
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• pp.127-133
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• 2001

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.453-458
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• 1997

Many polymeric poly(vinyl chloride) membrane electrodes have been developed for the determination of basic drugs. But relatively little has been roported concerning the behavior of ligand free PVC memebranes. In connection with the evaluation of various ionophores, we bave evaluated a near-Nernstian response and selectivity of these ligand-free PVC electrodes towards basic drugs such as alverine, chlorpromazine and promazine. The electrode membranes were constructed with only several plasticizer and poly (vinyl chloride) matrix. The plasticizer studied were dioctyl phenylphosphonate, 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether, isododecyl phenylphosphate and dioctyl maleate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.1289-1297
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• 2014

In this study, PVC-LMO beads were prepared by immobilizing lithium manganese oxide (LMO) with poly vinyl chloride (PVC) diluted in dioxane solvent. XRD and SEM analysis confirmed that LMO was immobilized well in PVC-LMO beads. The diameter of PVC-LMO beads prepared by dioxane solvent was about 2 mm. The adsorption experiments of lithium ions by PVC-LMO beads were conducted batchwise. The optimum pH was pH 10. The adsorption characteristics of lithium ions by PVC-LMO beads was well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity obtained from Langmuir model was 24.25 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters such as ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$ were evaluated. The calculated ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$ was between -6.16 and -4.14 kJ/mol (below zero), indicating the spontaneous nature of $Li^+$ adsorption on PVC-LMO beads. Also, the results showed that PVC-LMO beads prepared in this study could be used for the removal of lithium ions from seawater containing coexisting ions such as $Na^+$, $K^+$, $Mg^{2+}$ and $Ca^{2+}$.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2001

The miscibility, molecular interaction and tensile properties of the blends of poly (${\varepsilon}$-caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) have been studied. The measured glass transition temperature values of PCL/PVC blends were found to be well fitted by Fox equation. We found that PCL/PVC blends are amorphous up to 23% PCL content. The blends showed the highest Young's modulus and yield strength at 5% PCL content and the highest tensile strength at 11% PCL content. The blends with low contents of PCL(up to 13%) show increased tensile strength and decreased elongation of PCL/PVC blends. Consequently, the antiplasticization phenomenon is observed in the PCL/PVC blends.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.261-267
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• 2008

A graft copolymer consisting of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone and poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA) side chains was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Direct initiation of the secondary chlorines of PVC facilitates grafting of hydrophilic PHEA monomer. This graft copolymer, i.e. PVC-g-PHEA was cross-linked with sulfosuccinic acid (SA) via the esterification reaction between -OH of the graft copolymer and -COOH of SA, as confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) continuously increased to 0.87meq/g with increasing concentrations of SA, due to the increasing portion of charged groups in the membrane. However, the water uptake increased up to 20.0wt% of SA concentration above which it decreased monotonically. The membrane also exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.025 S/cm at 20.0 wt% of SA concentration, which is presumably due to competitive effect between the increase of ionic sites and the crosslinking reaction.