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Induction of Apoptosis by Ethanol Extract of Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino in Human Leukemia U937 Cells (인체백혈병 U937 세포에서 부처꽃 에탄올추출물에 의한 apoptosis 유도)

  • Jeong, Jin-Woo;Kim, Chul Hwan;Lee, Young-Kyung;Hwang, Yong;Lee, Ki Won;Choi, Kyung-Min;Kim, Jung Il
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.279-286
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    • 2020
  • Purple loosestrife-Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Lythraceae family. It has been used for centuries in Korea and other Asian traditional medicine. It has been showed pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidant and anti-microbial effects. However, the mechanisms underlying its anti-cancer effect are not yet understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of apoptosis signaling pathways by ethanol extract of Lythrum anceps (Koehne) Makino (ELM) in human leukemia U937 cells. Treatment with ELM significantly inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs), DNA fragmentation and increased populations of sub-G1 ratio. Induction of apoptosis by ELM was connected with up-regulation of death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5, pro-apoptotic Bax protein expression and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins, depending on dosage. This induction was associated with Bid truncation, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteolytic activation of caspases (-3, -8 and -9) and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase protein. Therefore, our data indicate that ELM suppresses U937 cell growth by activating the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways, and thus may have applications as a potential source for an anti-leukemic chemotherapeutic agent.

Controlling of Molecular Weight and Degree of Deacetylation of Chitosan and Its Characteristics in Film Formation (키토산 분자량과 탈아세틸화도 조절 및 이에 따른 필름 특성)

  • Hwang, Kwon-T.;Park, Hyun-J.;Jung, Soon-T.;Ham, Kyung-S.;Yoo, Yong-K.;Cho, Gun-S.
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 1999
  • Applications of chitosan are related to molecular weight and degree of deacetylation(DOD) of chitosan completely. The molecular weight and DOD were greatly affected by the concentration of solution time and temperature. The degree of demineralization was not significantly different at $50^{\circ}C\;and\;70^{\circ}C$ after 30 minutes. Deproteinization decreased as process time increased. The nitrogen content was reached to 6.92% after 90 minute at $80^{\circ}C$, which is similar to theoretical nitrogen content of chitin. The DOD was 82.84% after 2 hours reaction and increased as the reaction time increased in the process. Viscosity and molecular weight are increased as recycling number of concentrated NaOH solution increased. Chemical, biological and physical properties of chitosan depend on the DOD and molecular size of the molecule. Tensile strength of the films from acetic acid solutions was between $28.9{\sim}33.6$ MPa and was generally higher than that of the films from lactic acid. Elongation of the films from lactic acid was between $97.0{\sim}109.7%$ and was generally higher than that of the films from the acetic acid. Water vapor permeability of the films prepared from lcetic acid solutions was between $1.9{\sim}2.3ng{\cdot}m/m^2{\cdot}s{\cdot}Pa$ and was generally higher than that of the films from the acetic acid.

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Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (약제 내성 결핵 환자의 역학적 특징)

  • Lee, Jin-Hwa;Chang, Jung-Hyun
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.49 no.4
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    • pp.412-420
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    • 2000
  • Background : There is increasing concern in many countries about the problem of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Prevalence of primary drug-resistant tuberculosis is the optimal epidemiological indicator for long term monitoring of national tuberculosis control program. Our purpose was The purpose of our study is to assess clinical characteristics and socioeconomic status of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis. Method : We studied 68 cases with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection diagnosed at the Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from March, 1995 to February, 2000. Results : Patients with primary drug-resistant tuberculosis(PDR) were younger (39.6$\pm$16.3 years vs. 48.2$\pm$16.5 years ; p<0.05), had more population of less than more were under the age of 40 years aged -group(62.9% vs. 36.4% ; p<0.05) and were more highly educated than those with acquired drug-resistant tuberculosis(ADR)(38.9% vs. 11.1% ; p<0.05). In patients with ADR, the rates of familial history of tuberculosis and living in a rented house residence in a rented house were increased higher than compared with to those of patients with PDR. Patients with ADR had more involved lobes(2.0$\pm$0.8 vs. 1.4$\pm$0.7 ; p<0.01) and longer treatment duration than those with PDR(18.3$\pm$7.2 months vs. 10.6$\pm$6.3 months ; p<0.05). Patients with ADR showed larger numbers of resistant were resistant to more number of drugs, lower hospitalization rate and higher rate of self-interruption of medication than those with PDR. In patients with PDR, mono-drug resistance was increased, whereas poly- and multi-drug resistances were decreased compared with those with ADR. Resistance to isoniazid was the highest among antituberculosis drugs, and resistance to isoniazid in patients with ADR was higher than that in patients with PDR(90.9% vs. 71.4% ; p<0.05). Conclusions : Patients with ADR were more likely to include more population be of lower socioeconomic class, and patients with PDR seem seemed to be young and socially active population. For control of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, proper isolation and prevention of patient with drug-resistant tuberculosis are needed.

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Inhibition Effect of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)Propionic Acid in Kimchi with Anti-Atherogenic Activity on the Accumulation of Lipids in the Organs of ApoE(-/-) Mice (ApoE(-/-) Mice에서 배추김치 활성 성분인 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxylphenyl)Propionic Acid의 장기 지질저하 효과)

  • Kim, Hye-Yeon;Noh, Jeong-Sook;Song, Yeong-Ok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.37 no.11
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    • pp.1415-1421
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    • 2008
  • Preventive effects of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), an active compound in Korean cabbage kimchi with anti-atherogenic effects, on the accumulation of lipids in the vital organs of $apoE^{(-/-)}$ mice fed atherogenic diet (AD) were studied. Each group of 10 mice was fed AD for 8 weeks with intraperitoneal injection of either HDMPPA (1 mg HDMPPA/100 g BW/day) or phosphate buffered saline as a vehicle. The organs used for this study were liver, kidney, spleen, lung, testis, and brain. Total cholesterol (TC) concentration of lung was the highest followed by spleen and brain. TC level for the liver was the lowest. In contrast to the results of TC, triglyceride (TG) concentration in the liver was the highest followed by kidney and testis. $ApoE^{(-/-)}$ mice did not have any problem uptaking chylomicron remnant by the liver which carries an extra TG after delivering it to the adipose tissue. HDMPPA retarded TC and TG accumulations in the vital organs. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the brain and spleen were the highest and that in the testis were the lowest. Poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the brain and activated peroxisome in the spleen might be responsible for high TBARS levels in these organs. The greatest antioxidant effect of HDMPPA against lipid peroxidation was observed in the spleen, showing 21.47% decrease. The most noticeable effect of HDMPPA was observed in glutathione (GSH) level. GSH levels of six organs in the HDMPPA group were significantly higher than those of the control group. GSH-peroxidase activity was negatively related to GSH level of the organs except liver and spleen. In conclusion, HDMPPA from Korean cabbage kimchi inhibits the lipid accumulation as well as increases the antioxidant status in the vital organs of $apoE^{(-/-)}$ mice fed an atherogenic diet.

Anti-diabetic Activity of Germinated Ilpum Rough Rice Extract Supplement in Mice (C57BL/KsJ-db/db 제2형 당뇨병 마우스에서 발아일품벼 추출물의 항당뇨효과)

  • Lee, Youn-Ri;Woo, Koan-Sik;Hwang, In-Guk;Kim, Hyun-Young;Lee, Sang-Hoon;Kim, Yun-Bae;Lee, Jun-Soo;Jeong, Heon-Sang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.339-344
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    • 2012
  • This study was performed to investigate the effect of germinated Ilpum rough rice extract on blood glucose in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice. The mice were divided into several groups: normal control (NC), diabetic control (DC), those fed with 0.25% germinated Ilpum rough rice extract (DM-0.25%GIRRE), those fed with 0.5% germinated Ilpum roughrice extract (DM-0.5%GIRRE) and those fed with 1% germinated Ilpum rough rice extract (DM-1%GIRRE). After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight, water intake, and diet intake of the DM-1%GIRRE group were significantly lower than the other DM groups. Blood glucose levels of the DM-1%GIRRE group were significantly lower compared to the DC group. Fasting blood glucose HbA1c level and total glucose tolerance test were significantly lower in the DM-1%GIRRE groups compared to the DC group. There was no significant difference in serum insulin level among each group. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that germinated Ilpum rough rice extract alleviates many of the symptoms of diabetes in genetically obese mice and may offer a possibility as a therapeutic supplement for the normalization of blood glucose levels in humans with hyperglycemia. It may also have beneficial effects in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Changes of chemical Composition According to the Ensiling Periods of Total Mixed Fermentation Feeds using Rice Straw and Green Forages (청초와 볏짚을 이용한 완전배합발효사료의 저장기간에 따른 화학조성분의 변화)

  • Lee, H.J.;KIm, W.H.;Kim, H.S.;Lim, K.B.;Ahn, B.S.;Cho, K.K.;Kang, S.H.;Kang, S.K.;Lee, H.G.;Woo, J.H.;Choi, Y.J.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.769-782
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    • 2002
  • Three kinds of green forages(rye, oats and mixed forages) was harvested and mixed with rice straw, wheat bran and 2 grains(corn and soybean), which harvested 2 different dates(common harvesting dates, 7 days early to common harvesting dates). And each mixture was ensiled in 6 poly vinyl chlorides that was 60 liter, immediately. They were opened at 0, 5, 10, 25, 35, 60 and 100 days after ensiling for chemical analysis. And its effects of those TMFFs on feed values were observed. Average contents of water, crude protein, ADF, NDF, Ca and P of formulated TMFs were 72 to 75%, 14.75 to 18.24, 12.47 to 19.07, 39.82 to 47.01, 0.99 to 1.07 and 0.38 to respectively. Crude protein content was the highest in the mixed forages-TMFF and the lowest in the rye-TMFF. The ADF and NDF contents of rye-TMFF were higher than orthers. And CP, ADF, NDF, TDN, P and Ca contents were no significant difference among treatments regardless of storage period and harvest time, but all treatments indicated good quality. Intenal temperatures of TMFF were shown to be 1 to 5$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient temperatures. The temperature of the Oat-TMFF formulated during winter sustained higher to the level of 6${\sim}$9$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The pH of TMFF were 4.0 to 4.2 and the content of $NH_3$-N was shown to be 7.79 to 8.23mg/$d{\ell}$. In the VFA contents, any tendency was not shown at all treatments depending on harvest time. Even though rye-TMFF showed the lowest VFA value. At all treatments except rye-TMFF, propionate production was increased and stable after 25 days of storage. Digestibility of rice straw from TMFF on DM basis was 15${\sim}$20% higher compared with non-treated rice straw.

Effects of Dietary Biotite Powder on Physico-chemical Characteristics of Pork (흑운모 분말 급여 돈육의 이화학적 특성)

  • Jin, S.K.;Kim, I.S.;Song, Y.M.;Lee, S.D.;Hah, K.H.;Kim, H.Y.;Nam, K.Y.;Jang, A.R.
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.499-508
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to analyze the physico-chemical characteristics of the loin from pigs fed biotite. Control was fed diet for piglets and growing pigs, and treatments were fed diet supplemented 1.25% and 1.75% biotite to piglet diet and to growing pigs, respectively. Ratio of carcass grade A was shown as 27.8% and 50% in control group and treatment, respectively. And that of carcass grade A and B was appeared as 52.8% in control and 80% in treatment. The control group showed higher value of water and protein content than treatment. However, fat and ash content of treatment were higher than those of control. Treatment showed lower value than control in shear force and cooking loss, and was higher than control in pH value(p<0.05). L*, a* and b* value of control in meat color were lower than those of treatments. Treatments group was shown lower value than control group in textural gumminess and brittleness. In the sensory test of fresh meat, there was no significant difference between control and treatment group. However, intramuscular fat content and overall acceptability of control were more or less lower than its of treatment. In cooked meat, the meat color of control was lower than those of treatments. Control group was shown higher saturated fatty acid value than treatment group. However, the poly unsaturated fatty acid, essential fatty acid, and the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid and essential fatty acid/saturated fatty acid were low.

Sagantang-induced Apoptotic Cell Death is Associated with the Activation of Caspases in AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells (사간탕 처리에 의한 AGS 인체 위암세포의 caspase 활성 의존적 apoptosis 유발)

  • Park, Cheol;Hong, Su Hyun;Choi, Sung Hyun;Lee, Se-Ra;Leem, Sun-Hee;Choi, Yung Hyun
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.25 no.12
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    • pp.1384-1392
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    • 2015
  • Sagantang (SGT), a Korean multiherb formula comprising six medicinal herbs, Paeonia lactiflora Pall., Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Poria cocos Wolf, Cimicifuga heracleifolia Komarov, and Artractylodes japonica Koidzumi, was recorded in “Dongeuibogam.” The present study investigated the anticancer potential of SGT in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. The results indicated that SGT treatment significantly inhibited the growth and viability of AGS cells in a dose-dependent manner, which was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death, as evidenced by the formation of apoptotic bodies, in addition to chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation, and the accumulation of annexin-V positive cells. The induction of apoptotic cell death by the SGT treatment was associated with up-regulation of Fas protein expression, truncation of Bid, and down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. The SGT treatment also effectively induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was associated with the activation of caspases (caspase-3, -8, and -9) and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. However, a pan-caspase inhibitor significantly blocked the SGT-induced apoptosis and growth suppression in AGS cells. This study suggests that SGT induces caspase-dependent apoptosis through an extrinsic pathway by upregulating Fas, as well as through an intrinsic pathway by modulating Bcl-2 family members in AGS cells. The results suggest that SGT may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human gastric cancer cells. However, further studies will be needed to confirm the potential of SGT in cancer prevention and therapy in an in vivo model and to identify biological active compounds of SGT.

A Study on Changes of Physico-Chemical Properties of Plow Layer Soil and its Response of Tobacco Growth under Polyethylene Film Mulching Condition -3. Effect of Poly Ethylene Film Mulch on the Growth and Nutrients Uptake of Tobacco Plant (연초피복재배(煙草被覆栽培)에서 작토시(作土尸)의 이화학성(理化學性) 변화(變化)와 연초생장반응(煙草生長反應)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) -3. 피복조건(被覆條件)이 연초생장(煙草生長)과 양분흡수(養分吸收)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Hong, Soon Dal;Lee, Yun Hwan;Kim, Jai-Joung;Cho, Seong-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.312-317
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    • 1985
  • Growth response and nutrients uptake of tobacco grown on mulched and non mulched plots were investigated during the growing period. 1. The whole growing time was about 25 days shorter and relative growth rate was faster in the mulched plot than in the non mulched plot. 2. Nitrate content of leaf in the latter stage of tobacco grown on the non mulched plot was more continuously increased compared with mulched plot. As a result in the latter stage of tobacco leaf nitrate form of nitrogen level was much higher on non mulched plot than on mulched plot. 3. Reducing sugar content in cured leaves of tobacco grown on the non mulched plot was lower that of the mulched plot. This difference in reducing sugar content was remarkable in the bottom leaves that nitrate content was highest. 4. Tobacco growing on nonmulched soil may cause to be low quality owing to increasing of nitrogen compound and decreasing of reducing sugar content in cured leaves. 5. As distributions of nitrate and potassium content in leaves at different stalk position was similar each other, nitrate and potassium ion considered to be counter ion in absorption and translocation through the tobacco plant.

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A Novel Chenodeoxycholic Derivative HS-1200 Induces Apoptosis in Human HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells (인체 대장암 세포주(HT-29)에서 담즙산 합성유도체(HS-1200)의 세포 사망 기전)

  • Oh Sin Geun;Yang Kwang Mo;Hur Won Joo;Yoo Young Hyun;Suh Hong Suk;Lee Hyung Sik
    • Radiation Oncology Journal
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.367-374
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    • 2002
  • Purpose : To investigate the growth inhibitory effects, and the underlying mechanism of human colon cancer cell (HT-29) death, induced by a new synthetic bile acid derivative (HS-1200). Materials and Methods : Human colon cancer cells (HT-29), in exponential growth phase, were treated with various concentrations of a new synthetic bile acid derivative (HS-1200). The growth inhibitory effects on HT-29 cells were examined using a frypan blue exclusion assay. The extent of apoptosis was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis, TUNEL assays and Hoechst staining. The apoptotic cell death was also confirmed by Western blotting of PARP, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) analysis. To investigate the involvement of mitochondria, we employed immunofluorescent staining of cytochrome c and mitochondrial membrane potential analyses. Results : The dose required for the half maximal inhibition $(IC_{50})$ of the HT-29 cell growth was $100\~150\;{\mu}M$ of HS-1200. Several changes, associated with the apoptosis of the HT-29 cells, were reveal by the agarose gel eletrophoresis, TUNEL assays and Hoechst staining, following their treatment with $100\;{\mu}M$ of HS-1200. HS-1200 treatment also induced caspase-3, PARP and DFF degradations, and the western blotting showed the processed caspase-3 p20, PARP p85 and DFF p30 and p11 cleaved products. Mitochondrial events were also demonstrated. The cytochrome c staining indicated that cytochrome c had been released from the mitochondria in the HS-1200 treated cells. The mitochondrial membrane potential $(\Delta\Psi_m)$ was also prominently decreased in the HS-1200 treated cells. Conclusion : These findings suggest that the HS-1200 - induced apoptosis of human colon cancer cells (HT-29) is mediated via caspase and mitochondrial pathways.