Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2002.44.6.769

Changes of chemical Composition According to the Ensiling Periods of Total Mixed Fermentation Feeds using Rice Straw and Green Forages  

Lee, H.J. (National Livestock Research Institute)
KIm, W.H. (National Livestock Research Institute)
Kim, H.S. (National Livestock Research Institute)
Lim, K.B. (National Livestock Research Institute)
Ahn, B.S. (National Livestock Research Institute)
Cho, K.K. (Jinju National University)
Kang, S.H. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Kang, S.K. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Lee, H.G. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Woo, J.H. (Section on Biophysical Chemistry, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Mental Health)
Choi, Y.J. (School of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Animal Science and Technology / v.44, no.6, 2002 , pp. 769-782 More about this Journal
Abstract
Three kinds of green forages(rye, oats and mixed forages) was harvested and mixed with rice straw, wheat bran and 2 grains(corn and soybean), which harvested 2 different dates(common harvesting dates, 7 days early to common harvesting dates). And each mixture was ensiled in 6 poly vinyl chlorides that was 60 liter, immediately. They were opened at 0, 5, 10, 25, 35, 60 and 100 days after ensiling for chemical analysis. And its effects of those TMFFs on feed values were observed. Average contents of water, crude protein, ADF, NDF, Ca and P of formulated TMFs were 72 to 75%, 14.75 to 18.24, 12.47 to 19.07, 39.82 to 47.01, 0.99 to 1.07 and 0.38 to respectively. Crude protein content was the highest in the mixed forages-TMFF and the lowest in the rye-TMFF. The ADF and NDF contents of rye-TMFF were higher than orthers. And CP, ADF, NDF, TDN, P and Ca contents were no significant difference among treatments regardless of storage period and harvest time, but all treatments indicated good quality. Intenal temperatures of TMFF were shown to be 1 to 5$^{\circ}C$ higher than ambient temperatures. The temperature of the Oat-TMFF formulated during winter sustained higher to the level of 6${\sim}$9$^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The pH of TMFF were 4.0 to 4.2 and the content of $NH_3$-N was shown to be 7.79 to 8.23mg/$d{\ell}$. In the VFA contents, any tendency was not shown at all treatments depending on harvest time. Even though rye-TMFF showed the lowest VFA value. At all treatments except rye-TMFF, propionate production was increased and stable after 25 days of storage. Digestibility of rice straw from TMFF on DM basis was 15${\sim}$20% higher compared with non-treated rice straw.
Keywords
TMFF2; ADF; NDF; pH; $NH_3$-N; VFA; IVDMD;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 A.O.A.C. 1990. Official method of analysis. 15th ed. Washington, D.C.
2 Bastman, B. 1976. Factors affecting silage effluent production. Experimental Husbandary. p. 31 : 40.
3 Chaney, A. L. and Marbach, E. P. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clinical Chemistry. 8:130.
4 Cussen, R. F., Merry, R. J., Williams, A. P. and Tweed, J. K. S. 1995. The effect of additives on the ensilage of forage of differing perennial ryegrass and white clover content. Grass Forage Sci. 50:249.
5 Dehority, B. A. and Orpin, C. G. 1989. Development of, and natural fluctuations in, rumen microbial populations. In 'The rumen microbial ecosystem' Ed. P. N. Hobson. p. 151. Elsevier applied Sci. London.
6 Erwin, E. S., Maro, G. J. and Emery, E. M. 1961. Volatile fatty acid analysis of blood and rumen fluid by gas chromatography. J. Dairy Sci. 44:1768.
7 Giardini, A., Vecchiettini, M. and Lo Bruno, A. 1976. Energy supplementation of maize silage harvested at different maturity stages. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. 1:369.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Keady, T. W. J. and Murphy, J. J. 1996. Effects of inoculant Treatment on ryegrass silage fermentation, digestibility, rumen fermentation. and performance of lactating dairy cattle. Forage Sci. 51:232.
9 Levy, D., Bar-tsur, A., Holzer, Z. and Samuel, V. 1986. High grain content maize silage in fattening diets of young male cattle. Animal Feed Sci. Tech. 16:63.
10 Martinsson, K. 1991. A comparison between formic acid and an inoculant for the preservation of grass silage for dairy cows. Swedish J. Agric. Res. 21:121.
11 McCullough, M. E. 1986. Feeding Dairy Cows. Wisconsin. Fort Atkinson. p. 10.
12 Holland, C., Kezar, W., Kautz, W. P., Lazowshi, E. J., Mahanna, W. C. and Reinhart, R. 1990. Pioneer forage manual : A nutritional Guide, Pioneer Hi-bred International, Inc. p. 1.
13 NRC(National Research Council). 1988. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle. 6th ed. National Academy Press. Washington, D. C.
14 Pitt, R. E., Muck, R. E. and Leibensperger, R. Y. 1985. A quantitative model of the silage process in lactate silages. Grass and Forage Sci. 40:279.
15 Rskiv, E. R. 1978. Effect of composition of absorbed and products of digestion on energy metabolism. In Ruminant Digestion and Feed evaluation. D. F. Osboum, D. E. Beever and D. J. Thomason(ed). ARC.
16 SAS. 1995. SAS/STAT Software for PC. Release 6.11, SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.
17 Stokes, M. R. 1992. Effects of an enzyme mixture, an inoculant, and their interaction on silage fermentation and dairy production. J. Dairy Sci. 75:764.
18 Thomson, F. and Lamming, G. E. 1972. The flow of digesta, dry matter and starch to the duodenum in sheep given ratios containing straw of varing particle size. Br. J. Nutr. 28:391.
19 須藤 浩. 1971. 사일리지와 건초. 양현당.
20 Woodford, S. T. and Murphy, M. R. 1988. Dietary alteration of particle breakdown and passage from the rumen in lactating dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 71:687.
21 和泉康史. 1979. 조사료와 농후사료의 급여비율이 반추 제1위내 휘발성지방산의 생산에 미치는 영향. 일축일보. 50:443.
22 김영배, 하종규. 1988. 개미산처리 목초사일리지의 급여가 비유능력에 미치는 영향. 한영사지 12(4):214.
23 김종근, 김동암, 정의수, 강우성, 함준상, 서 성. 1999a. 수확시 숙기 및 젖산균제제가 호밀 라운드베일 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향. 한초지. 19(4):347.
24 Gibson, T. and Stirling, A. C. 1959. The bactriology of silage N. AIA. S. quarte Reviews, No. 44. Summer, p. 167.
25 Hobson, P. N. 1972. Physiological characteristics of rumen microbes and relation to diet and fermentation patterns. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 31:136.
26 Holdman, L. V., Coto, E. P. and Moore, W. E. C. 1977. Anaerobic laboratory manual(4th ed), Virginia Polytech. Inct. and State Univ. Black- burg, Virginia.
27 김종근, 김동암, 정의수, 서 성, 김종덕, 함준상. 1999b. 수확시 숙기 및 비닐색이 호밀 라운드베일 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향. 한초지. 19(4):355.
28 McDanald, P. 1981. Clostridia. In the bio-chemistry of silage. Jihn Wiley and Sons. Ltd Pitman Press, Bath, Englands. p. 62.
29 Nicholson, J. W. G., McQueen, R. E., Chan, E. and Bush, R. S. 1991. Forage conservation round bales or silage bags: effect on the characteristics and performance. Anim. Sci. 71:1167.
30 Minato, H., Ishizaki, S., Adachi, Y. and Mitsumor, M. 1989. Effect on rumen microbial populations of ammonia treatment of rice straw forage for steer. J. Gen. Appl. Microbial. 35:113.
31 김종근, 정의수, 서 성, 강우성, 함준상, 이성철. 2000. 제조방법이 라운드베일 연맥 사일리지의 품질에 미치는 영향. 한초지. 20(3):185.
32 맹원재. 1985. 반추동물의 최근 연구동향. 사료기술 단기과정. 한국사료협회 p. 253.
33 이석순, 박찬호, 배동호. 1981. 수확시기에 따른 옥수수의 부위별 건물중과 사료가치의 변화. 월당 박찬호 박사 회갑기념 논문집. p. 40.
34 이형석, 이인덕. 2000. 수입조사료 사료가치비교 연구. 韓草誌 20(4):303.
35 '96한국낙농연감. 1996. 필방. p. 454.