• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

More than half of the nonpoint sources of polluting water occur in cultivating farmlands in rural areas. Agricultural nonpoint sources are discharged from large areas of farmlands, making it difficult to collect or treat pollutants. Farmland source management is known to be the most effective, and preventive management by improving farming methods is the key to reduce nonpoint pollution. At present, more than 30% of the pollutants flowing into the rivers and lakes are nonpoint pollutants caused by agricultural activities. As a countermeasure, it is more preferable to develop and apply optimal farming management techniques for agricultural nonpoint pollution management basically than to apply existing water quality management techniques. Because of the characteristics of nonpoint source pollution, it is necessary to manage farmlands in rural areas, so the willingness and competence of the residents is most important. The purpose of this study is to analyze and understand the process of changing the cognition of residents through capacity education and survey for nonpoint pollution management in rural areas. This study conducted intensive resident competency education and examined the process of changing resident awareness through three surveys. As a result of this study, it was found that continuous education and activities for rural non-point pollution management are necessary for raising awareness of residents and managing non-point pollution effectively, showing possibility of change residents' perception.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2002

The comparison of the air quality with the evaluation of the environmental assessment before and after operations of the heat source and of the flue-gas desulfurization facilities were studied. First of all, several sites were selected for the representative sample points, and then they were examined air quality of the surroundings. The results were that TSP(total suspended particulate) analysis after an operation of the heat source facility was $74~81{\mu}g/m^3$, PM-10 was $31~94{\mu}g/m^3$, and $SO_2$concentration was 0.002~0.009ppm, respectively. As the result of examination to the concentrations of diffused pollutants, there was no relations between TSP concentration of sample points and the effect of air quality according to the heating source. When we compared the neighbored area of the heating source with the other area, the concentration of air pollutants after an operation of the facility of the heating source was similar to the heating source, the neighbored area, and the other area. So we concluded that there was no the effect of the air pollution by producted pollutants from the heating source.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2015

The trajectory analysis of boundary layer ozone data at four regional sites in the East Asian outflow regions in Japan was carried out together with boundary layer ozone data observed at Mt. Tai and Mt. Huang in the source region of central eastern China during the monsoon onset in May-June 2003 and 2004. At all sites, the influences of anthropogenic emissions from East Asia have been found. During May and June 2004, the evidences of direct pollution transport from central eastern China to Hedo, an outflow site in Okinawa Island were observed. Ozone mixing ratios associated with air masses from central eastern China averaged 45 ppb while those associated with clean air masses from the Pacific were only 14 ppb, which resulted in averaged 31 ppb increase of ozone mixing ratios during the pollution episodes from central eastern China at Cape Hedo. Using transport time analysis and averaging all ozone episodes transported from central eastern China, the ozone dilution rate of 5.4 ppb per day was roughly estimated during air masses transported from source to outflow regions at Hedo. In the regions nearby Japanese mainland, however ozone increases by long-range transports were more related to both domestic and East Asian sources as a whole.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.607-628
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• 2012

The watershed of Gohyeon Stream was divided into the 10 sub-basins, and 19 sampling points were selected in their tributaries, which the characteristics of the water quality and pollution loads variance were investigated for during the rainy and dry seasons. The results of water quality analysis revealed that the upper watershed(T1~T8) of Gohyeon Stream had a feature of rural area, and its lower watershed(T9~T19) had a feature of the municipal area. The non-point pollution loads of the tributaries were estimated with 2,063, 601, 365, and 45 ton/yr of SS, COD, DIN, and DIP, respectively. The pollution loads of the parameters except DIP were generated about 60% during the rainy season, which suggested that a precipitation significantly influenced on the discharge of non-point source pollution. Meanwhile, the non-point pollution load of DIP was generated about 60% during the ordinary and dry seasons, which suggested that control of a phosphorus pollution source was significantly required during these seasons. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that SS pollution source of the upper watershed was definitely different from that of the lower watershed, that is, the pollution load from the upper watershed was mainly caused by the discharge of SS due to soil erosion in the farmland and forest land during the rainy season, and that of the lower watershed by the discharge of sewage and municipal run-off.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 2005

AnnAGNPS model was applied to a catchment mainly occupied with bushland for modeling non-point source pollution. Since the single event model cannot handle events longer than 24 hours duration, the event-based calibration was carried out using the continuous mode. As event flows affect sediment and nutrient generation and transport, the calibration of the model was performed in three steps: Hydrologic, Sediment and Nutrient calibrations. The results from hydrologic calibration for the catchment indicate a good prediction of the model with average ARE(Absolute Relative Error) of $24.6\%$ fur the runoff volume and $12\%$ for the peak flow. For the sediment calibration, the average ARE was $198.8\%$ indicating acceptable model performance for the sediment prediction. The predicted TN(Total Nitrogen) and TP(Total Phosphorus) were also found to be acceptable as the average ARE for TN and TP were $175.5\%\;and\;126.5\%$, respectively. The AnnAGNPS model was therefore approved to be appropriate to model non-point source pollution in bushland catchments. In general, the model was likely to result in underestimation for the larger events and overestimation fur the smaller events for the water quality predictions. It was also observed that the large errors in the hydrologic prediction also produced high errors in sediment and nutrient prediction. This was probably due to error propagation in which the error in the hydrologic prediction influenced the generation of error in the water quality prediction. Accurate hydrologic calibration should be hence obtained for a reliable water quality prediction.

• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2013

This study was purposed and performed to evaluate removal efficiency of non-point source pollution in the process and system based on bio-retention design criteria regulated by EPA. Basic Column Reactors (BCR) were prepared for optimal determinations of inflow rate of first rainfall runoff and composition and ratio of soil layers. Removal efficiencies of non-point source pollution from synthetic runoff and real first rainfall runoff, directly sampled from motor way and parking lot, were analyzed, respectively. Removal efficiency of SS, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P were all shown to be more than 80%.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.585-595
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• 2014

The temporal trends of the prioritized toxic water pollutants generated and discharged from the industrial facilities in the Geum-River basin, Korea were analyzed with the results of the nationwide Water Pollution Source Survey conducted in 2001 - 2012. The statistical results indicated rapid increase in the volume of raw toxic wastewaters whereas the amount of each toxic pollutant kept fluctuating for 12 years. Serious discrepancies in the survey data of the same type of industries demonstrated a low reliability of the survey result, which stemmed from several error factors. A unit-load for each type of industrial facility was devised to estimate the amount of prioritized toxic water pollutant based on the total volume of industrial wastewater generated from the same type of industrial facilities. The supplementary measures with an effective permit issuance policy and adding survey parameters of terminal wastewater treatment plants to use them as references to the Water Pollution Source Survey were suggested as means to minimize the errors associated with the false reports from the industries.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.397-408
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• 2004

Due to the growing impact of non-point source pollution and limitation of water treatment technology, a new policy of water quality management, called a source protection, is now becoming more important in drinking water supply. The source protection means that the public agency purchases the pollution sensitive area, such as riparian zone, and prohibit locations of point and non-point sources. Many studies have reported that this new policy is more economical in drinking water supply than the conventional one. However, it is very difficult to determine location and size of the pollution sensitive zone in the watershed. In this paper, we presented the scientific criteria for the priority of the pollution sensitive zone, along with a case study of the upstream watershed of the Paldang Reservoir, Han River. This study includes applications of the analytical hierarchy process(AHP) and a watershed-based land prioritization(WLP) model. After major criteria affecting water quality were selected, the AHP and geographic analysis were performed. The WLP model allowed us to include both quantity and quality criteria, using AHP as the multi-criteria method in making decision and reflecting local characteristics and various needs. By adding a travel-time function, which represents the prototype effectively, the results secured adaptability and scientific objectivity as well. As such, the WLP model appeared to provide reasonable criteria in determining the prioritization of land acquisition. If the tested data are used with a validated travel-time and AHP method is applied after further discussion among experts in such field, highly reliable results can be obtained.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 2018

The Ministry of the Environment conducts a water environment management plan and TMDL(Total Maximum Daily Load) for integrated watershed management, and determines whether the target water quality is achieved using water quality monitoring data. The concentration of monitoring points located in the downstream of the watershed is the outcome of complicated mechanisms such as influx of pollutants from the tributaries of the watershed and self-purification of river water. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of main stream and tributary water quality on the target water quality point using the water pollution source tracking and exceedance rate of watershed. In this study, FDC and exceedance rate analysis were performed on six water quality items including BOD and T-P, which are the targets of TMDL. Water quality items and points affecting the target water quality point were derived from flow rate. In this study, the pollution source tracking through FDC analysis and exceedance rate analysis will be able to establish more efficiently the water quality management strategy for each branch to achieve the target water quality.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.37-44
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• 2012

This study investigated on the adsorption of nonpoint pollution source using the Sand, hydroxyapatite(HAP), Zeolite and mixed culture. The adsorption of nonpoint pollution source on Sand, hydroxyapatite(HAP), Zeolite and mixed culture was investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. After the batch absorption experiments analysed COD, T-N, T-P on adsorption water. The experimental data was analysed using the pseudo-first-order adsorption kinetic models. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested for their applicability. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of COD were found to be sand 0.0511mg/g, HAP 0.1905mg/g, Zeolite 1.0366mg/g and Mixed media 0.7444mg/g. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of T-N were found to be sand 0.0159mg/g, HAP 0.0537mg/g, Zeolite 0.5496mg/g and Mixed media 0.1374mg/g. The maximum adsorbed amount $(Q_{max})$ of T-P were found to be sand 0.0202mg/g, HAP 0.1342mg/g, Zeolite 0.0462mg/g and Mixed media 0.1180mg/g. As a result, the mixed media was effective to remove nonpoint pollution source.