• 상하수도학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.533-543
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• 2016

Supplying clean and safe water to people is facing both quantitative and qualitative challenges. Due to climate change, access to freshwater becomes increasingly difficult, while pollution from various sources decreases the public trust in water quality. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) which stores and uses surface water in aquifer is receiving attention as a new technology to secure freshwater. Recently, there is a global expansion in the attempt to combine general purification plants and hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) which manages all the process from raw material to consumer for food safety. This research is about an attempt to apply HACCP to the drinking water supply process using MAR to secure both quantity and quality of drinking water. The study site is a MAR plant being constructed in the downstream area of the Nakdong River Basin, South Korea. The incorporation of HACCP with MAR-based water supply system is expected to enhance the safety and reliability of drinking water.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.179-182
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• 1995

Although air, water, and noise pollutions have been widely recognized, electromagnetic forces(EMF) hazard has been rarely recognized as a pollution and very little studies has been done in this country. Thus, in this study electromagnetic forces radiated by various home appliances, once machines, and communication equipments were measured and so were several places radiating strong EMF such as subway stations and electric substations. Among the home appliances microwave oven senates lots of magnetic field and microwaves, and electric mattress does strong magnetic field. In video game room strong magnetic and considerable electric fields were measured. It was observed strong magnetic field inside of electric powered train and very strong magnetic and electric fields on some platforms. Hand-phone and car-phone radiate very hazardous level of microwaves to brain and that they rapidly come into wide use. In this study data base for various electric machines and places radiating strong EMFs were constructed and could be used for future epidemiological studies.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1993

Two major hazardous gases. SOx and NOx. are emissioned from fossile fuels. SOx has been removed when oil is refined but NOx hasn't. So NOx is very serious problem in air pollution now There are several technologies to remove NOx. e.g. cooling method. scrubbers method. combustion method, polymer membrane method and adsorbent methods. Polymer membrane and adsorbent methods have good economic merit in removal systems of low content hazard gases. Traditional absorbents are porous silicas, aluminas. active carbon and zeolites. But these absorbents act only physisorption which has less removal performance than chemisorption. In this study. polymeric absorbent which has chemisorption as well as physisorption was analyzed about chemical structure and experimented about optimum operation conditions. The results showed that the chemical structure of the polymeric absorbent was expected as polystyrene having -N-CH$_2$COOH absorbent was revealed about 310$m^2$/g. The molar ratio of absored NO to charged NO in absorption experiments was shown 60% of the polymeric absorbent and 45% of zeolite absorbent at 3$0^{\circ}C$.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제56권11호
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• pp.829-834
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• 2018

Although magnesium-based alloys are attractive materials for hydrogen storage applications, their activation properties, hydrogenation/dehydrogenation kinetics, thermodynamic equilibrium parameters, and degradation characteristics must be improved for practical applications. Further, magnesium poses several risks, including explosion hazard, environmental pollution, insufficient formability, and industrial damage. To overcome these problems, CaO-added Mg alloys, also called Eco-Mg (environment-conscious Mg) alloys, have been developed. In this study, $Eco-MgH_x$ composites were fabricated from Mg-CaO chips by hydrogen-induced mechanical alloying in a high-pressure atmosphere. The balls-to-chips mass ratio (BCR) was varied between a low and high value. The particles obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the absorbed hydrogen was quantified by thermogravimetric analysis. The XRD results revealed that the $MgH_2$ peaks broadened for the high BCR. Further, PSA results revealed particles size were decreased from $52{\mu}m$ to $15{\mu}m$.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2022

5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Weather (AR5) predicts that recent severe hydrological events will affect the quality of water and increase water pollution. To analyze changes in water quality due to future climate change, input data (precipitation, average temperature, relative humidity, average wind speed, and solar radiation) were compiled into a representative concentration curve (RC), defined using 8.5. AR5 and future use are calculated based on land use. Semi-distributed emission model Calculate emissions for each target period. Meteorological factors affecting water quality (precipitation, temperature, and flow) were input into a multiple linear regression (MLR) model and an artificial neural network (ANN) to analyze the data. Extensive experimental studies of flow properties have been carried out. In addition, an Acoustic Doppler Velocity (ADV) device was used to monitor the flow of a large open channel connection in a wastewater treatment plant in Ho Chi Minh City. Observations were made along different streams at different locations and at different depths. Analysis of measurement data shows average speed profile, aspect ratio, vertical position Measure, and ratio the vertical to bottom distance for maximum speed and water depth. This result indicates that the transport effect of the compound was considered when preparing the hazard analysis.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2010

Efforts to evaluate water pollution using indicator microorganisms have been underway for decades, and driven by research on water purity control applications, water quality criteria are growing more and more strict. Furthermore, recent reports indicate that high concentrations of antibiotics are not absorbed, and are present in excrement from animals and humans dosed with unnecessarily high levels of antibiotics. This has emerged as very important issue from the standpoint of being an ecological and health hazard. In this study, water pollution was analyzed through physicochemical and microbiological means, and antibiotic resistance in indicator microorganisms was assessed. In physicochemical analysis, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)$_5$ and chemical oxygen demand (COD)$_{Mn}$ evaluation showed that pollution by organisms was highest at the G1 location with a high human population, and the DP location which has many livestock-containing households. The indicator organism levels at the G1 location were: Total Coliforms (1205 colony forming units (CFU)/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (270 CFU/100 ml), Escherichia coli (253 CFU/100 ml) and Fecal Streptococci (210 CFU/100 ml), while for the DP location levels were: Total Coliforms (1480 CFU/100 ml), Fecal Coliforms (438 CFU/100 ml), E. coli (560 CFU/100 ml), and Fecal Streptococci (348 CFU/100 ml). Levels of fecal indicator microorganisms such as Fecal Coliforms, E. coli and Fecal Streptococci were high at all locations in the fall (the period after the rainy season), and the yearly distribution was similar between these organisms. If the number of livestock-containing households was high, almost all strains of E. coli (as distinct from the other indicator organisms) showed resistance to antibiotics, with the degree of resistance varying between areas. E. coli strains from the OY area in particular, which has a high population density, showed strong resistance to AM10 and Va30. While strong antibiotic resistance was observed overall at the DP and OY locations, no resistance was observed at the EB location.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2002

본 연구는 초등학교 학생들의 음식 물쓰레기와 환경과의 관계에 대한 인식과 감량태도를 연구하여 음식물쓰레기로 인한 환경오염에 대한 인식을 고양시키고 학교급식에서의 음식물 쓰레기를 감량시킬 수 있는 대책과 교육자료를 개발하는 데 필요한 자료를 얻고자, 부산지역에서 급식을 실시하고 있는 5개 초등학교의 ,3학년,6학년을 대상으로 조사한 총 519부(97.9%)의 설문지를 분석하였다. 학교급식의 효과 분석에서 조사대상 학생들의 71.9%가 급식시간을 기다리며 63.8%가 편식이 교정 된 것으로 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량 태도는 3학년의 경우는 각각 3.61점, 3.73점이었고 6학년은 각각3.46점 ,3.39점으로 나타났으며 3학년이 6학년보다 유의 적으로(p<0.01)높았다 생활정도가 높은 편인 학생들이 생활정도가 보통인 학생들보다 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량태도가 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높았으며 음식물쓰레기에 대한 교육을 받은 적이 있는 학생들의 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도 및 감량태도가 교육 경험이 없는 학생들보다 유의적으로(p<0.01) 높은 것으로 나타났다. 싫어하는 음식이 급식되었을 때, 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도와 감량태도가 평균 이상인 학생이 평균이하인 학생보다 잔반이 없었고 이들 학생간에는 유의적인(p<0.01) 차이를 보였다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도가 평균이상인 학생들이 평균이하의 학생들보다 밥,국, 일품식, 양식, 채소, 고기, 생선반찬, 김치를 유의적으로(p<0.01) 더 남기지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 급식되는 음식을 남기는 가장 큰 원인은 밥, 일품식의 경우는 '양이 많아서'로 나타났고, 국 및 찌개, 양식, 반찬, 김치의 경우는 '맛이 없어서'가 주원인이었다. 조사대상 학생들은 음식물쓰레기오염(4.22점 ), 공기오염 (4.13점),하천오염(4.12점)에 대해 심각하게 생각하고 있었으나 소음오염(3.55점)과 토양오염(3.70점)은 심각하게 생각하는 정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다 5학년 학생들이 3학년 학생들보다 환경오염에 대한 인식이 높았는데 특히 전반적인 환경문제, 토양오염, 물 오염, 공기오염에서 6학년이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높은 인식 점수를 나타냈다. 생활정도에 따른 차이에서, 생활정도가 높은 편이거나 보통인 학생들이 생활정도가 낮은 편인 학생들보다 음식물쓰레기의 심각성에 대한 인식점수가 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높게 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도가 평균이상인 학생들이 평균이하의 학생들보다 공기오염, 하천오염, 음식물쓰레기오염, 소음오염 에 대한 인식이 유의적(p<0.01)으로 높았다. 조사대상 학생들은 전체적으로 집에서는 '쓰레기를 분리 해서 버린다'가 72.6%, 학교나 집밖에서는 '분리해서 버린다'가 35.2%로 나타나 집보다는 학교나 집밖에서 쓰레기 분리를 잘 하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 음식물쓰레기에 대한 인식도는 음식물쓰레기 감량태도, 환경 문제에 대한 인식도와 유의적인(p<0.01) 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 음식물쓰레기 감량태도도 급식음식 섭취정도와 환경문제에 대한 인식도와 유의적인(p<0.01)양의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.15-25
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• 1979

A study on field bioassay test using four species of commercially important shellfish was carried out to assess the effect of pollutants and determine the extent of marine environmental pollution of the Masan Bay from 9 to 15 August 1978. Water quality analysis and planktological examination of sea water were made during the experiment and the examination gave the following results. The water temperature was so high at 31.7$^{\circ}C$ in maximum and rather subject to change on weather condition of the land than on the effect of the water mass from outer bay. The range of DO,COD and SS at the stations were 0.3-7.08cc/l, 0.07-3.31ppm and 5.5-117ppm, respectively with the high values of COD and SS at the stations 7 and 1. The concentrations of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in sea water, NH$\sub$4/-N, NO$\sub$2/-N, NO$\sub$3/-N, and PO$\sub$4/-P were 18.90-99.80, 2.48- 19.60, 13.00-39.00 and 1.04-14.0$\mu\textrm{g}$ at/l, respectively with decrease of their values in the outer part of the Bay. The high values mentioned above were caused by the sewage and industrial activities. The effects of organic waste are increased oxygen demand, nutrient concentration, turbidity and a higher input of pathogens, leading to structural changes in the marine ecosystems and to a considerable hazard to public health. The percentage composition of phytoplankton standing crop between diatom and dinoflagellate was characterized by making a difference between the two groups in respect of location: a decrease of diatom and a increase of dinoflagellate in numerical abundance toward inner part from outer part of the bay. Namely phytoplankton organisms were composed of 80% of diatom and 20% of dinoflagellate in outer bay, on the contrary, only 4% of diatom and 96% of dinoflagellate occupied by 94% of prorocentrum micans known as tolerant species to polluted reaas in the inner bay. On the occurrence and composition of zooplankton, there are two significant communities in the bay:one is characterized by the predominance of Oithona nana and the other by Favella sp They were composed of a range from 84% to 90% of the total organisms and monotonously constituted of themselves only at most inner station 3 even small numbers. From the results mentioned above, Oithona nana, Favella and prorocentrum micans recommed themselves as valuable indicators for judging the extent of the marine pollution.During the period of the biossays Mytilus edulis showed the highest mortality and Tapes japonica the lowest one between the four test species. The highest death rate by stations was found at most inner stations 3'and 4near Masan Free Export Zone with the most sensitive response and the lowest one occured at outer station 13 where no death specimen of oyster and arkshell was found during the whole test period.As for mussel,85 percent death rate appeared after 72 hours and 100percent rate after 120hours at station 4. It was found that the significant high mortality of the test shellfish mentioned above was caused by severe pollution with mainly organic pollutants from domestic sewage and industrial wastes from the results of too much higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen especially ammonia-N,COD,SS and lack of dissolved oxygen,and furthermore occurrence and abundance composition of Prorcentrum,Favella and Oithona nana by stations, valuable indicator species of coastal pollution by orgnic and boilogical pollutants.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2009

1960년대 이후 국내의 경제성장은 비약적인 발전을 해왔으나, 이로인해 교통량의 급증 및 생활환경오염문제가 크게 급증하고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 급속한 경제성장은 대규모 도로건설 및 물류에필요한 차량의 대형화 및 고속화를 유도하였으나, 이로인해 발생하는 대기오염 및 자동차의 소음, 진동은 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 도심도로의 경우 측정한 차량소음의 57% 이상이 환경기준을 초과하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 저소음 도로포장에 대한 사회적 관심이 커지고 있는 실정이다. 저소음 포장은 기본적으로 배수성포장과 같은 형식을 이용하며, 단지 기능적인 측면에서 소음저감효과부분이 강조된 것이다. 최근 국내에 저소음 포장 기술이 도입되고 있고, 이를 국내 실정에 맞는 기술로 변환하는 것이 시급한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에 적합한 저소음 도로포장 연구중 저소음포장체를 구성하는 골재입도, 아스팔트 혼합물의 기본적인 역학적 특성을 평가하였다. 평가항목은 마샬안정도, 회복탄성계수, 간접인장강도 및 소성변형특성평가를 위한 선회다짐곡선 활용등이 포함되고, 실험을 통해 복층구조의 저소음 포장체를 구현하기 위한 기본자료를 정리하여 제시하였다. 복층형 구조의 저소음 아스팔트 포장체 구성을 위한 아스팔트혼합물의 역학시험결과 기본적인 구조성능은 충분히 만족시킴을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.5203-5209
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• 2016

Objective: To explore the prevalence of malignant tumors in the adult population through 2003-2014 in parts of the Aral Sea region: a zone of ecological disaster, a zone of ecological crisis and a zone of precritical conditions. Methods: The long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity stratified by zones of the Aral Sea region and trends of long-time average annual incidence indicators of malignant tumors were identified. Leading cancer localizations in the adult population was established and associations between cancer incidence and environmental pollution were analyzed. In addition, associations between individual risk factors and cancer incidence in the adult population was established. Correlations between a hazard index and the cancer incidence in the adult population were calculated. Results: In all three Aral Sea regions, as well as in Zhanaarkinskii district, leading cancer in adult population was esophageal, stomach, tracheal, lung, hepatobiliary, and breast. Long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the Aral sea region is 1.5 times higher comparing to the control region. In particular, long-time average annual levels of cancer morbidity in adult population living in the zone of ecological disaster was 57.2% higher, in the zone of ecological crisis - 61.9% higher, and in the zone of precritical condition - 16.8% higher. Long-time average annual levels in the adult population of the Aral Sea region significantly exceeded control levels for brain and central nervous system cancer, cancer of bone and articular cartilage, and thyroid cancer. Conclusion: It has was established that the total cancer morbidity depended on the total hazard index associated with the inhalation of nickel and the combined cadmium intake (r=0.8).