• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.107-152
• /
• 2010

This paper explores the historical process that created a specific understanding of and responses to atopic dermatitis(AD) in Korea. AD hardly has a status of an environmental disease in other societies but it is a representative environmental disease in South Korea in connection with various environmental pollutants, most notably with endocrine disrupting chemicals. This understanding of AD as an environmental disease led to an unprecedented legislation of the Environmental Health Act of 2008, a broad environmental health law with the precautionary principle and the focus on human aspect of environmental problems. In line with the growing body of works that articulate the roles of the public and culture in regulatory process, this paper argues that both the understanding of and the regulatory responses to AD owe greatly to the knowledge and political practice of the public, especially that of the 'Atopy moms'. Their knowledge practice that creatively appropriated scientific uncertainty regarding AD brought unexpected epistemological and political alliances, respectively with alternative medicine and with organic coop movement and an emergent political party and generated enough dynamics for the legislation of the EHA.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.30-39
• /
• 2021

Natural gas is globally emerging as an important energy source for environmental, political and regional reasons. In Korea, natural gas imported from oversea natural gas resources as a LNG, it is increased for an applications as a fuel and feedstock which replace the coal and nuclear energy. Because it is relied on the import market in Korea, it is very important to analyze the security for supply. Therefore, this study suggested a method for reducing supply risk and for providing stable supply and demand through risk analysis of Korea's import structure. In order to reduce the supply risk, the concentration of importing countries should be lowered and it is necessary to lower the proportion of countries with relatively low GSSI and increase the imports from Russia. Finally increasing the number of importing countries or maintaining friendly relations with countries where the supply is stable could give us the positive impact in terms of total GSSI.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.353-364
• /
• 2011

The present study began from the criticism that the discussions related to the existing digital media have focused on the technical productivity and effectiveness to focus on the positive perspective. Therefore, this study will concretely confirm the dangers that may be caused by digital media and confirm the overall risk perception for digital media such as the user's opinions for risk evaluations and risk management for such dangers. As a result of making the digital convergence media, the smart phone, as the detail study subject, the 17 risk types including the 'risks of financial dimensions, risks of social-cultural dimensions, risks of individual dimensions and risks of pathological dimensions' were classified. Furthermore, the users appeared to highly evaluate the seriousness and possibilities of risks as a result of analyzing the risk-factor per each risk type(risk magnitude ${\times}$ development possibility). Next, it appeared that the users did not have high degree of reliability for the government in the aspects of countermeasures and prevention of risks and appeared to highly evaluate their expectation and liability for their individual roles. If the seriousness and development possibilities, the evaluations for liability, preventative measures and post-management methods for the risks of smart phones can be thoroughly analyzed and applied, it will be able to expand them as significant political countermeasures that can reduce the risks of other digital media in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.148-161
• /
• 2018

A traffic fatality by young people marked average annual decrease of 4.5% since 2011. Meanwhile, a traffic fatality by senior over 65 years old marked average annual increase of 7.9% for the last five years which means that the annual increase of traffic fatality by senior will be a serious problem. This study started questioning that senior drivers over 65 years old did not retain the same causal factor of fatal traffic accidents and thus extensively analyzed a risk of it by age group quantitatively, dividing the senior driver group into the early, middle and latter stages. Depending on the aging level, the risk of traffic fatality showed a wide difference in seven different types of traffic accidents generally, and happened to increase with latter and middle parts of the senior driver more than the early part. Therefore, this study proposes four policy suggestions: 1) The senior driver need to be offered customized driving educations and the improvement of road environment is also recommended. 2) Political assistance is needed to support and guide a safety related technology installation for the new or existing car. 3) Renewal of driving license and an aptitude test(physical examination, cognitive test) for drivers over 75 years old should take in a less than 3 years and an additional road test is needed as occasion demands. 4) Like the United States and Europe, development and extension of customized treatment guidebook for medical teams who examine senior drivers is needed and establishment of education and administration system that a supervisor of driving license renewal can impose safety restriction and American anonymity reporting system is considered to institutionalize in the medium to longer term.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
• /
• no.14
• /
• pp.217-245
• /
• 2012

The aim of this paper is to show how the paradigm of disaster resilience may help reorienting urban planning policies in order to mitigate various types of risks, thanks to carefully thought action on heritage and conservation practices. Resilience is defined as the "capacity of a social system to proactively adapt to and recover from disturbances that are perceived within the system to fall outside the range of normal and expected disturbances." It relies greatly on risk perception and the memory of catastrophes. States, regions, municipalities, have been giving territorial materiality to collective memory for centuries, but this trend has considerably increased in the second half of the 20th century. This is particularly true regarding the memory of disasters: for example, important traces of catastrophes such as urban ruins have been preserved, because they were supposed to maintain some awareness and hence foster urban resilience - Berlin's Gedachtniskirche is a well-known example of this policy. Yet, in spite of preserved traces of catastrophes and various warnings and heritage policies, there are countless examples of risk mismanagement and urban tragedies. Using resilience as a guiding concept might change the results of these failed risk mitigation policies and irrelevant disaster memory processes. Indeed, the concept of resilience deals with the complexity of temporal and spatial scales, and with partly emotional and qualitative processes, so that this approach fits the issues of urban memory management. Resilience might help underlining the complexity and the subtlety of remembrance messages, and lead to alternative paths better adapted to the diversity of risks, places and actors. However, when it is given territorial materiality, memory is almost always symbolically and politically framed and interpreted; Vale and Campanella had already outlined this political aspect of remembrance and resilience as a discourse. Resilience and the territorialization of memory are not ideologically neutral, but urban risk mitigation may come at that price.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
• /
• v.5 no.4 s.19
• /
• pp.71-78
• /
• 2005

The principal basic concepts of aseismic design minimize damage of human-life and have little probability during life of structures. For detailed understanding of the design, the best reasonable countermeasure can be possible equally the smallest damage of human-life and economic loss. As a result, it can be achieved by notion of not structure-centered but city-centered, the notion is actualized by development of a macro-level evaluation. A seismic damage between city and country is different. And the larger the city then, the greater the loss by rather collateral hazards than collapse of structures. Hence, the macro-evaluation of an earthquake disaster is suitable for an old city where is center of political and economic activity, and is concentration of population and infrastructure. This study aims to develop comprehensive earthquake desaster risk index, and assesses relative earthquake risk of six zones in Seoul metropolitan area.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.213-236
• /
• 2017

World trade has entered a stagnant state, protection trade measures are spread due to delayed economic recovery in developed countries, sluggish investment in emerging economies such as China, economic recession in resource exporting countries, and geopolitical and political uncertainties along with the election period in the US and other major industrialized countries. Thus, in the economic structure of our country with a focus on export, for small and medium enterprises to grow, efforts for having various markets are necessary. The importance of the trade insurance system, which can support the risk management of enterprises, is emphasized by the fact that the majority of SME exporters have a risk management level and a lack of corporate capacity to enter the global market. This study was surveyed with 87 small and medium export companies in South Korea. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect relationship how service quality of trade insurance and utilization of trade insurance impact on the risk management of trade payment and export performance. The research hypothesis and model was derived from the basis of existing theory and empirical research, and obtained the following results. Firstly, Service Quality of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. Secondly, Utilization of Trade Insurance showed positive (+) effect on Risk Management of Trade Payment. Thirdly, Risk Management of Trade Payment showed positive (+) effect on Export Performance. This study is differentiated from previous research information by empirically evaluating the relationship between the risk management of trade payment and export performance through utilization of trade insurance. This study contributed to academic by examining the research on the risk management of trade insurance and also practically suggested the direction how small and medium export company is to take the advantage of the trade insurance.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.223-242
• /
• 2010

Since the reopening of official relations in 1992, Korean and China have become major trading partners, apart from myriad exchanges in culture and other aspects of society. The subject of this study is to analysis on determinants for China market entry type of the Korean company. This article measure the effects on Korea exporter interests of Korea's trade with china. This paper investigates the determinants of export and FDI referring in entry type in the China's market of Korea company. There are 250 samples and 130 returns, 170 of them are analyzed for a entry competitiveness. This paper has there main a parts, Multiple regression result shows that the export entry competitiveness are positively affected by the product character and market character. However, The enterprise character and location character does not affect in the export competitiveness. Also, the direct investment entry competitiveness are positively affected by the market character and location character. However, The enterprise character and product character does not affect in the direct investment. Logit analysis result show that the direct investment entry does positively affected in CEO international mind and export entry does affect in more than rival competitive products. In addition, the export entry does positively affected in the customer taste diversity, political risk and economical risk, market environment instability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.48
• /
• pp.359-402
• /
• 2002

In Korea we should prepare for the exploding need to nursing according to the rapid change to the aged society. Therefore the german model; of "Pflegeversicherung (a nursing social insurance)" which is introduced in 1995, could help us to plan for the aged society in next Years. In Germany the discussion about the proper measures against the need to nursing as social risk was begun in early 1990s. The need to nursing was thought as social risk because of the aged society, the burden of the family member who take the responsibility for the nursing, and the fiscal crisis of social assistance system which was caused to the exploding cost of nursing for the poor people. Among the some alternatives the "Pflegeversichrung" as a social insurance model! with the' pay-as-you-go system' was introduced step by step in the years of 1995 and 1996. Such german modell was possible on the basis of the stabil social insurance system, especially medical insurance system, the corporatism between the employer and the employee and the developed democratic political system in which the compromise is achieved at the cost of all concerned parties. In Korea we have no experience as like in Germany. But, in Korea, we can start more effectively to look after the possibility of any system which helps the people with need to nursing, when we have understood the factors in policy-making for the introduction of "Pflegeversicherung."

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.231-240
• /
• 2020

E-commerce development led to the explosion of online payment. Consumers have many choices when deciding on the online payment method for each transaction. Using a combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods with the help of SPSS AMOS version 22.0, the article explores the factors that influence consumers' online payment method decision behavior in Vietnam. Research results show that awareness of usefulness, awareness of risk, awareness of trust, awareness ease of use, product uncertainly perception and perceived behavioral control have effects on the behavior of deciding on online payment methods. Awareness of risk has the strongest negative impact on online payment method decision behavior and awareness of usefulness has the strongest positive impact on online payment method decision behavior. Based on these important results, the article proposes a number of implications: (i) continuing to invest and upgrade modern technology to ensure customer information absolutely confidential; (ii) converting all ATM cards on the market to EMV chip standard card technology; (iii) improving service activities, quickly handle things to create confidence for customers; (iv) credit institutions operating in the field of online payment linked to e-commerce sites, supermarkets, convenience stores, restaurants must ask partners to increase transparency for the products.