• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.255-292
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• 2018

This paper evaluates the new food policy adopted by the European Union to enhance the food safety after the mad cow crisis occurred in 1990's. Newly introduced rules at the EU level are characterized by two features. Firstly, an important part of them have the form of Regulation which is a binding legislative to all member countries. Secondly, most of them are horizontally applied to the whole food industry, irrespective of their kinds of performance, hygiene or labelling. According to theoretical studies on this topic, any food safety regulation for solving adverse selection problem or reducing negative externality in food consumption should be fine-tuning depending on the concrete demand and costs conditions of the food sector concerned. In this theoretical perspective, the food safety laws introduced at EU level after mad cow crisis have been over-regulated for improving social welfare. The true motivation for the transfer of the policy competence on food safety to the Union level is political rather than economic. Our analysis with a political economic perspective shows that how the EU food regulations have been embraced not only by the governments of member countries, but also by diverse interest groups like food processor & distributors, consumers and agro-livestock groups, and that they have been used as protectionist purpose specially against non-member developing countries. Taking into account the fact that the basic aim to form the Union is to establish a single market to enhance economic efficiency at the Union level, the EU is required to adopt some policy actions to reduce negative effects of too restrictive food safety regulations.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.4
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• pp.7-32
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• 2006

This study is about the cultural policy related to fine art under the U. S. Military Government in Korea(USAMGIK), from September 8, 1945, to August 15, 1948. Drawing on the previous studies of Korean art history in the 'Liberation Period', this study especially concentrates on intention, attitude and activities of the USAMGIK. Particularly the historical documents, stored at the National Archives at the College Park, Maryland, U.S.A., were valuable to do research on the cultural policy of USAMGIK. The cultural policy was subordinated to the political objectives of occupation that can be summarized to building a stronghold of anti-communism in South Korea. Under the U.S. Military government control, cultural matters were assigned to the Cultural Section, the Bureau of Education, which later turns into the Bureau of Culture, the Department of Education. The Bureau of Culture dealt with matters of the ancient Korean art treasures and of the Korean contemporary art. USAMGIK reopened the Korean National Museum which had been closed by the Japanese since the World War II period. After that, U.S. Department of State sent arts & monuments specialists to South Korea for investigating ancient Korean art and culture. Although some of the destructed art treasures were restored during the occupation, th ere were many negative cases including intentional destruction of historic sites or loot of art treasures by U.S. army. In contrast to their interest in the Korean antiquities, USAMGIK payed little attention to promoting the Korean contemporary artists and their arts. USAMGIK distrusted and suppressed the artists of leftism, while they kept good relations with the pro-American artists and the right-wing artists. In conclusion, the visual-cultural policy of USAMGK was mainly planned and carried out in order to preserve the national interest of the United States. This period produced long-term effects on the fine art and visual culture of South Korea, in terms of institution, policy, and reorganization of art community based on anti-cummunism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.37
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• pp.133-148
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• 1998

This study presents the aspects and changing process of the habiliment from the National Liberation up to now by analyzing the articles of costume found in$\ulcorner$Maeil Shinmun$\lrcorner$from Jan. 1. 1946 to Dec. 31. 1996. In the period of 1946~1959, the political and economic conditions through the National Liberation and Korean war deteriorated and the interest in costumes were weakened. But the economic recovery and social stability in the middle of the 50's made the lost interest in costumes increase. From 1960 to 1969, the high economic growth was achieved by“Five year plans for Economic Development”and the progress of mass media, transportation, communication and education brought western culture to our society. It spread rapidly and changed the way of life and the sence of value. These phenomenon led to a great transition on the Korean costume culture in the 60's In 1970~1979, the articless of costume made a change from the 60's, which focused on women's wear, and tuned to one including general costumes not only women's wear but also men's wear due to the women's social roles, the unisexmode and diverse costume. In 1980~1989, the growth of the consumption, the banning of the school uniform, Asian Games(1986) and Olympic games(1988) caused the high qualification, personalization and diversification in the fashion industry. Further more, the traditional-oriented trend with korean culture was emphasized. It pursued the modernization of the traditional Korean Costume, Hanbok, to introduce the unique Korean Beauty. From 1990 to 1996, in the era of international-ization and open door policy, the competition of nations became intense and the comprehention about environmental destruction highlingted the concerns on ecology. The recognition of environmental protection and recycling were reflected in the fashion. It prevailed that the pursuit of personalization,. diverse style, practicality and the fashion leader called generation appeared.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.31-42
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• 1986

It is generallybelieved that the values of female students are different depending on the cultural enviromment of society. The purpose of this paper is to discern the value orientation of female students in Korea and America, and how they are related to the clothing behavior. 300 female students were selected as sample from the Univ. of Minnesota and 158 students filled out the questionnair. 420 female students were selected from five unversities in Jinju, Taegy and Pusan. RESULTS : 1) Korean students had highly evaluated theaethetic, political, religious and social values, and American students had higher evaluation on the economic and American students had higher evaluation on the economic and theoretical values. 2) Korean students tended to regard modesty, conformity and management as important factors when they chose new clothes, and for American students, appearance and tool were important. 3) The impact of values on clothing vehavior was as follows. a) Korean students who emphasized theoretical values did not use clothes as an instrument of status symbol and modesty. b) American students who emphasized the economic values tended to have an interest in purchase and wearing of clothes on purpose. c) Korean students who had positive attitudes on the aethetic values tended to be conservative, but they wanted to use the clothes as a demonstration of self exaggeraton. d) Korean students who regarded social values important tended to have a higher interest in the management of clothes. e) Korean students who had highly evaluated the religious values tended to be conservative when the selected new clothes. American students did not want to conform to the group norm when they chose new clothes. On the whole, American students did not put on clothes to achieve a specific goal. In short, it can be concluded that Korean students and American students have different values and they have a great impact on their clothing behavior.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.903-941
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• 2012

This essay examines Edward Said's Culture and Imperialism focusing on the concepts of 'culture,' 'empire,' and 'nation'. The approach is critical, theoretical, and historical rather than explicatory. Consequently, the range of the essay is not limited to Said's own explanation and argument about Western imperialism and its culture presented in the book. In doing this, this essay finally purposes to be a discursive resistance to the current global empire, the United States, via a critical reading of Said's work. Said's notion of culture is set upon to disclose the function of culture as an apparatus of ideological consent of the dominated to the dominant. When applied to imperial practice, Western culture functions to subject the colonized to the colonizer. Said's geographical approach to imperialism complements the historical understanding of imperialism. Imperialism is not only the practice of Western-centered historicism but also the spatially mutual interaction between the West and the rest of the world. Along with European imperialism, Said poses the current global empire of the United States as his main target of criticism. Said's problem is that he takes the United States as a nation-state. When examined, the United States is not a nation-state, but today's empire. The empire in the appearance of the nation-state United States does not work for the interest of the American nation, that is, the American people. The empire is the transnational and postnational political and economic institution that works for the interest of global capital. In order to resist the current global empire, this essay suggests that the building or restoration of nation-states with its basic principle of people's sovereignty is in need.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.57
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• pp.202-226
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze how Chinese people perceive the acceptance and spread of Korean popular culture through the analysis of the Korean Wave news frame in Chinese daily newspapers. The result of analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the number of an article appearance in all three daily newspapers by year according to a specific issue including the popularity of Korean Wave-related events, Korean dramas, movies and Korean stars. This reporting trend also appeared in the article format, and all three daily newspapers mainly used an episodic frame to deliver fragmentary Korean Wave trend or personal information emotionally rather than a thematic frame to analyze and interpret the Korean Wave trend in depth. As a result of analyzing dominant news frames using the inductive approach to examine specific contents of the articles, news frames that composed the Korean Wave into the cultural interest frame as 'Interest and attention toward Korean popular culture' and gave positive evaluations were dominant, followed by the economic news frames that explained the Korean Wave from the economic perspective and the political news frames that considered the Korean Wave from the viewpoint of the Chinese Government. These news frames appeared somewhat different according to the publishing purpose of daily newspapers. ${\ll}$People's Daily${\gg}$ which is the official organ of the Chinese Communist Party often covered the political frames to report the policies of Chinese government, ${\ll}$People's Daily (Overseas edition)${\gg}$ often covered economic frames from the overseas perspective and the Jinghua Daily which is a commercial newspaper by nature often handled cultural interest frames to consider Korean Wave as new cultural phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 1998

Interest in weekend farming has been increasing recently among city-dwellers although it is still only in the beginning stages. Weekend farming has been increasing recently among city-dwellers although it is still only in the beginning stages. Weekend farms provide people with new activities and also help to preserve green areas within the city. It is necessary to understand what weekend farm users think and what problems they encounter in order to increase the use of these farms. For this reason, we studied 16 weekend farms in Seoul managed by the Rural Guidance Office and the Agricultural Cooperative. We distributed 24 questionnaires by hand and these were later returned by mail. The questionnaire asked weekend farmers about their motivation for using the farms, about their motivation for using the farms, frequency of use, level of satisfaction, current state of housing and the sort of plants they cultivated, among other things. We found that most of them live in apartments and have little access to green areas,. Weekend farm users were generally satisfied. However, they had a lack of gardening knowledge and reported that facilities such as toilets and water service were unsatisfactory. Political support is needed from the government in order to improve weekend farms. There needs to be a wider range of farm sizes and an increase in the uses of the farms. If these improvements occur, investment in and the development of weekend farming will increase and weekend farms will take root in Korea.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2000

Transboundary air pollution has recently become an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern as countries are receiving air pollutants from their neighbors. In order to gain a better understanding of the long-range transport processes of air pollutants and the source-receptor relationships among neighboring countries, an atmospheric transport model coupled with a RAMS(Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) model was applied to the East Asia region during the entire month of January 1993. The scalar transport option of the RAMS model was used to calculate special atmospheric constituents such as trace gases or aerosols. The sulfate production in clouds and rainwater and its removal processes by dry and wet deposition were considered. The sulfate budget from source regions to receptor regions was estimated by analysing the source-receptor relationships. When a specific receptor site revealed a sulfate value higher than the sulfate concentration based on its own source origin, this was taken to indicate long-range transport from another source region. The contribution ratio from various source region was calculated. The contribution ratio of dry and wet deposition was higher on the main continent of the East region. Furthermore, the high deposition amounts were identified on the west coast of Korea and the East China Sea.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2016

Objectives : Because people have increasingly more interest in their quality of life, the anti-aging industry has grown worldwide. The purpose of this study is to suggest strategies for galvanizing the anti-aging industry in Korea. Methods : To accomplish this aim, we explored the definition, classification, problem and activating strategies of the anti-aging industry through a systematic review. Results : From the results, the following suggestions are given: planning a national strategy to galvanize the anti-aging industry, establishing an anti-aging research institute, developing a business model, developing an anti-aging cluster, statistics development and an information system related to anti-aging, training personnel, and legislation. Conclusions : The anti-aging industry has the potential to reduce health expenses through early intervention of diseases due to aging and through activation of the national economy by win-win growth of the industry related to aging. Therefore, understanding the anti-aging industry as well as political support is critical.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.351-353
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• 2013

Until recently, Pacific equatorial tropical island states were subject of only very limited interest by scientists, government officials, industry and policy makers of Korea. And, comprehensive information and data on these island regions is not very detailed to help better understand their social backgrounds as well as their natural environment. However, these island regions are now in the middle of diplomatic tug-of-war among super powers as well as becoming nucleus of various science-based ocean issues including marine biodiversity, shifting ecosystem, global environmental change including sea level rise and ocean acidification, fisheries, etc. Therefore, rising political and scientific importance of these areas call for better understanding of these regions, in social aspects as well as natural scientific knowledge of the region. To be provocatively prepared to more actively role in these regions, "A study on Establishing Research Infrastructures in the Tropical Pacific" has been supported during 2012-2013 as a mission-oriented in-house project of the KIOST. This project aims to provide various research infrastructure for Pacific island states, to reinforce cooperation with these nations, and to enhance Korea's national prestige. This special issue contains 10 research articles based on the studies conducted in 2012~2013.