• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2015

This study reviewed the type of the project and developmental plan related to ocean energy development in the coastal land boundaries and the ocean, and suggested the efficient scoping method through the diagnosis of the key items of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in the coastal area. The major projects are the construction of tidal power plant, tidal current power plant, and offshore wind power plant in the public water, and also those are the construction of solar power plants in the coastal land boundaries. While the project plans on a large scale such as the construction of tidal power plant, it is important to consider both property of usefulness of the designated areas and harmony analysis with marine space availability based on the adequacy of the site selection and relevance of plan with the master plan for reclamation and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). And also it needs to be considered the careful checkup on the EIA checklist referring to the type of project, effective post-monitoring, and suggestion of mitigating methods to minimize the environmental impacts during the stage of actual environmental impact assessment. Introduction of a system of integrated marine environmental impact assessment should be considered for reasonable and effective manage to developmental projects on the marine spatial area.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.54
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• pp.34-47
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• 2004

Although Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been improved markedly over the past two decades, by enlarging the range of projects for assessment, instituting pub lic participation and environmental monitoring, and similar measures, it remains deficient in its coverage of human health in Environmental Impact Statements(EISs). Health Impact Assessment(HIA) can supply the necessary correctives. HIA is a combination of procedures, methods and tools by which a policy, programme, projects or legislative procedure may be judged for its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of these effects within it. The principle of health protection is, however, established as a primary concern in EIA processes, in practice health is scarcely mentioned or the discussion is limited to a description of effects through the biophysical environment. The whole range of possible effects on health, including those mediated by socio-economic factors is often ignored, and no effective mechanism are in place to successfully incorporating health criteria and expertise into environmental, assessment(EA) that include ElA, SEA. These are foremost among the current issues facing EIA in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.103-103
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• 1994

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.165-178
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• 2006

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are perceived by many to be separate environmental tools. EIA serves as a systematic and predictive tool for assessing the potentially significant impacts of developments on the environment. An EMS, on the other hand, is used to consider the key impacts of operational businesses on the environment. The main difference to note is that during the EIA process impacts on developments are predicted. A proposed development has yet to be built and therefore an element of uncertainty is associated with these assessments. With an EMS, the business or organization's processes are already in operation. Even though there is also an element of prediction involved, it is a comparatively easier task to investigate what the environmental impacts of these processes are. However, in contrast with the orientation of EIA to further development actions, EMS involves the review, assessment and incremental improvement of an existing organization's environmental effects. EMS can thus be regarded as a continuation of EIA principles into the operational stage of a policy, plan, program and project. EIA may be carried out without fully supporting necessary informations to EMS.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1995

Public participation in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process has been implemented since the introduction of EIA project on August 1 1991, followed with Environmental Policy Act promulgation on August 1 1990. Though public participation has room for improvement. This study compared before and after the introduction of public participation on EIS preparation cost, project cost, EIS preparation term and project term through 293 EISs analysis. Also public opinions in EIS after introduction of public participation were analyzed. The results are expected to be contributed to the system improvement of public participation.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2002

The choice of big public investment project needs an appropriate feasibility analysis before it is implemented, bemuse a rot wisely chosen one would bring about big and longrun societal costs. But the feasibility analysis for the big public investment project in Korea has been done without linking the economic benefits and environmental damages. Consequently social conflicts arose frequently during and after project implementation, owing to such concerns asincreasing costs and serious ecological damages. The recent social conflict over the Saemangeum Project is a typical case. This reclamation project began in 1991 and finished 60% of the whole process in 1999, when its feasibility was again assessed under the public pressure by the joint assessment team consisting of both citizen's and government's professionals. Even the assessment report by this joint team could not show the convincing results owing to the improper assessment procedure and failure to set proper feasibility criteria. This paper pointed out the limitations of our current procedure of feasibility assessment and identified the concrete problems that atosee during the recent reassessment process of the Saemangeum reclamation project by the joint team. In order to improve the current problem-ridden practices, it is concluded by the policy recommendation for establishing a right feasibility assessment procedure for the public investment projects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.357-365
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• 2010

This study evaluated current status of marine sand mining and related assessment systems in Korea for supporting effective policy development. The estimated total deposit of sand was ca. 10 billion $m^3$, while the estimated minable amount was ca. 5.5 billion $m^3$, in which marine sand accounted for 21%. The proportion of marine sand to the total mined aggregates has steadily increased by 15% in 1992 to 28% in 2002, but recently slightly decreased. Marine sand mining is regulated under a consultation system on the coastal development according to the "Marine Environmental Management Act". During 2002-2009, a total of 184 million $m^3$ of marine sand was mined, and the annual amount ranged from 17,440,000-33,698,000 $m^3$ the coastal area accounted for 64.5% and the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) 35.5%. In the coastal area, the major area supplying the marine sand was Gyeonggi Bay (>62%) followed by some southwestern coastal areas. The South and the West EEZ explained 23.9% and 11.6% of the total mined sand. The extent of marine sand mining in Korea was evaluated to be greater compared with other countries. Large-scale concentrated and repeated sand mining can damage environmental changes and ecology with long-term accumulated impacts.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.69-88
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• 2010

This paper explores the determinants of the innovation impact of publicly funded R&D projects along three broad dimensions, namely project, firm and market-related factors. In addition to these factors we examine the attributes of the research result per se and aspects of the commercialization process. The observations from empirical and qualitative analyses are based on R&D projects funded by the Fifth and Sixth Research Framework Programmes of the European Union. Firm size, prior experience, innovation culture, the nature of the project itself, explicit intension to commercialize, consortium management and strategy are the factors with the strongest effect on project success, defined in terms of product/process innovation and/or technical knowledge creation. The paper provides important implications for the organization, objectives, and management of public programmes that fund R&D and for project and participant selection.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2012

This paper assessed environmental impact of tidal power plant construction in the western sea of Korea, and diagnosed problems of the related assessment. We also proposed key assessment items (scoping) and system improvement for environmental impact assessment (EIA). The establishment of a broad consensus of the appropriateness and a clear purpose for business is an important aspect of the aptness of using the waters, and the aggressive collecting of opinions of the stakeholder and institutions will have to be fulfilled. In addition, we presented the following scoping plan in order to minimize the negative effects of the marine ecosystem and the conflict between the people who work in the fishing industry which result due to the construction of the tidal power plants. (1) the change in seawater exchange rates and the aspect of erosion/sedimentation which result from the change in the velocity of running fluid, (2) the destruction of spawns/habitats of fish due to the damage of tidal flats, (3) fishery resources, impacts of fishing grounds, and the spread of suspended sediments, etc. will have to be applied to the key assessment items(scoping). In addition, every citizen will have work hard for an establishment of an active plan which achieves the harmony and balance of environmental preservation and for the policy to be applied through changing their consciousness of environmental preservation.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2023

This study aims to propose a framework for evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) services, based on the concept of AI service impact. It also suggests a model for evaluating this impact and identifies relevant factors and measurement approaches for each item of the model. The study classifies the impact of AI services into five categories: ethics, safety and reliability, compliance, user rights, and environmental friendliness. It discusses these five categories from a broad perspective and provides 21 detailed factors for evaluating each category. In terms of ethics, the study introduces three additional factors-accessibility, openness, and fairness-to the ten items initially developed by KISDI. In the safety and reliability category, the study excludes factors such as dependability, policy, compliance, and awareness improvement as they can be better addressed from a technical perspective. The compliance category includes factors such as human rights protection, privacy protection, non-infringement, publicness, accountability, safety, transparency, policy compliance, and explainability.For the user rights category, the study excludes factors such as publicness, data management, policy compliance, awareness improvement, recoverability, openness, and accuracy. The environmental friendliness category encompasses diversity, publicness, dependability, transparency, awareness improvement, recoverability, and openness.This study lays the foundation for further related research and contributes to the establishment of relevant policies by establishing a model for evaluating the impact of AI services. Future research is required to assess the validity of the developed indicators and provide specific evaluation items for practical use, based on expert evaluations.