• 응용통계연구
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1347-1359
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• 2016

혼합회귀모형은 반응 변수와 공변량 사이의 관계를 규명하는 유용한 통계적 모형으로 여러 분야에서 사용되어지고 있다. 하지만 실제로 혼합회귀모형을 이용하여 분석을 하는 과정에서 공변량이 결측값을 포함하는 문제는 흔하게 발생하며, 발생하는 결측의 유형 또한 다양하게 나타난다. 이러한 경우에 있어서 본 논문에서는 최대우도추정량을 구하기 위한 EM 알고리즘을 제안하고자 한다. 제안된 EM 알고리즘의 효용성을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였으며 또한 사례연구를 통해 제시된 방법이 어떻게 사용될수 있는지와 그 효용성을 함께 확인하였다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2015

경기침체가 장기화되고 세계적으로 저성장이 지속되면서 미래의 경기동향에 대한 예측의 중요성이 증폭되었다. 정부의 정책이 계획되면서부터 효과가 나타나기까지에는 시차가 존재하므로, 정책목표와 선행적 상관관계를 가지면서 목표의 미래 상황을 예측할 수 있는 유용한 지표의 개발에 관심이 모아진다. 본 연구에서는 통계청이 실시한 소비자 전망조사 결과가 미래의 실질성장에 유용한 선행적 정보를 제공했는지 평가해 보았다. 소비자들의 기대심리를 나타내는 체감지표를 사용하여 예측을 유발하는 통계모형을 설정한 후 미래의 실질성장에 대해 유의한 예측력을 갖는지 추정하였다. 소비자기대심리의 예측력은 먼 미래로 갈수록 정확도가 높아져 미래의 실질성장에 대해 선행적 정보를 주는 변수로 활용할 수 있는 것으로 판별된다.

• 경영과학
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.119-133
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• 2001

It is important to find the equilibrium level of real interest rate for it affects real and financial sector of economy. However, it is difficult to find the equilibrium level because like the most macroeconomic model the real interest model has parameter instability problem caused by structural change and it is supported by various theories and definitions. Hence, in order to cover these problems structural change detection model of real interest rate is developed to combine the real interest rate equilibrium model and the procedure to detect structural change points. 3 equations are established to find various effects of other interest-related macroeconomic variables and from each equation, structural changes are found. Those structural change points are consistent with common expectation. Oil Crisis (December, 1987), the starting point of Economic Stabilization Policy (January, 1982), the starting point of capital liberalization (January, 1988), the starting and finishing points of Interest deregulation (January, 1992 and December, 1994), Foreign Exchange Crisis (December, 1977) are detected as important points. From the equation of fisher and real effects, real interest rate level is estimated as 4.09% (October, 1988) and dependent on the underlying model, it is estimated as 0%∼13.56% (October, 1988), so it varies so much. It is expected that this result is connected to the large scale simultaneous equations to detect the parameter instability in real time, so induces the flexible economic policies.

• 농촌계획
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which traditional stone fences in Korea possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method (DC-CVM). The stone fences is life cultural heritance of regional residents. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from regional visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall. moreover the public commercial value of regional tradition stone was not only 2,900 billion won but also it will increase an economic gain in every year. Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 9 billion won in every year. This is only 0.03% of the income that farmhouse earns per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan can raise green-tour commercial value of inland area as a long-term inside measurement. Those will have to be propelled continuously.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.991-1000
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• 2015

본 논문은 스마트시대의 온라인 학습에 대한 논문으로, 새로운 모델을 제안하고 실증하는데 초점을 두었다. 온라인 학습 클래스 운영에 있어 각 학습 요인들을 통해서 최종 성취도를 예측하는 연구를 진행하였다. 이에 학습 운영 요인 7가지를 정하고 학습자들의 데이터를 수집한 후 의사결정나무방법을 통한 예측 모델을 완성한다. 모델을 통한 예측성을 확인한 후, 일반성 확보를 위해 다른 교과목에도 모델을 적용시켜 예측성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 기존의 온라인 클래스의 정적인 학습 모델을 넘어 객관적인 지표를 이용한 학업성취도를 상시적으로 확인할 수 있게 하였다. 학습자와 교수자 모두가 학습 중 유용하게 활용할 수 있는 스마트시대 새로운 패러다임의 학습 모델을 제안한다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this paper is to estimate the economic value of Multi-functionality Roles including landscape and so on, which the stone fences in Jejudo possess, using Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method(DC-CVM). The stone wall is life cultural heritance of Cheju islanders. It has functions like Development of Favorable Landscapes, Maintenance of Cultural Heritage, and Recreation/Relaxation. Expectation from Cheju visitors shows that the existence and inheritance value of the stone wall is higher then we expected. According to the research that we had done from the people that had agreed to contribute the stone wall, the result was that the public commercial value of Cheju tradition stone will increase every yew(2006: 367 billion won, 2011: 437.1 billion won). Therefore, preserving the stone wall that has Multi-functional Roles and values can lead to huge economic value in the future. But farmhouses in the stone wall conservation area are being supported 6 million won every year. This is only 10% of the income that farmhouse ems per year. Thus, stone wall preservation policy and plan that can raise green-tour commercial value of Cheju Island of long-term inside measurement will have to be propelled continuously.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.11-14
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• 2016

Purpose - Microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Bangladesh have been providing savings services to their clients at least for the past 15 years. However, whether an MFI should have institutional requirement(s) to be a deposit-taker generates interest among academics and policy makers. Thus, this short note aims to provide a brief overview of institutional properties of MFIs. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This study used the existing literature and reports by the Microcredit Regulatory Authority' to investigate institutional properties of MFIs. In doing so, we have used 'institutional theory of saving' as a theoretical ground. Although the 'institutional theory of saving' has several important properties, the existing literature mostly discusses seven features such as information, incentives, facilitation, expectation, access, restrictions and security. Results - It is found that MFIs- in general- should have all the seven important institutional properties to be considered as an ideal savings institution. With regards to the microfinance sector in Bangladesh, this study supports that all the NGO-MFIs have these properties to be considered as an ideal deposit taker. Conclusions - The microfinance sector in Bangladesh needs to design and develop comprehensive and customer friendly savings products to further motivate the poor to save in MFIs.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.279-292
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• 2008

The concept of "new consumer sovereignty" is playing a significant role in having the initiative of production and consumption of technology and culture trend. Today the 'new consumers' positively use digital and information technology in purchasing. To understand these consumers' new purchase tendency, the study examined the actual conditions 1) of consumers' use of digital and information technology, 2) of digital devide between consumers, and 3) the consumer's attitude to changes of their lifestyle which digital convergence could result in. The subjects were thousand male and female adults. The data were collected from a survey conducted by Embrain, a research firm in Seoul, in the period of June 1st, 2007 ${\sim}$ June 10th, 2007. The results show: 1. Most subjects have computers, their Internet use is their general life, and they have lots of exposure opportunities to digital information. They positively and actively use information technology. 2. Between male and female subjects, and between old and young generation there is a significant digital gap. But the gap between regional areas is statistically not significant. 3. The subject's attitude to digital convergence society shows both positive expectation and negative concerns. Concludingly, to embody a desirable digital convergence society, it is necessary to be searched the ways which can decrease the digital gap and policy to share benefit that information technology can give to consumers.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2013

본 연구에서 선행연구를 통해 제시된 ASP 도입요인에 대해서 AHP 기법을 이용하여 그 중요도를 분석하였다. 지금까지 연구된 ASP 도입요인을 조직요인, 품질요인, 환경요인 등 3개의 특성으로 범주화하였다. AHP 기법을 이용하여 ASP 도입요인에 대한 중요도를 분석한 결과 ASP 도입요인에 관한 1차 계층요인 중에서는 조직요인의 중요도가 가장 높게 분석되었으며, 환경요인, 품질요인 순으로 분석되었다. 1차 계층요인의 중요도와 2차 계층요인의 중요도를 동시에 고려해서 분석한 결과에서는 가장 중요한 요인이 최고경영자의 지원 요인이었고, 다음으로 자사 IT능력, 공급자 신뢰성, 비용 절감기대 순으로 분석되었다.

• 한국항공우주법학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항공우주법학회 2008년도 제40회 국제학술발표대회
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

What was once known as common courtesy is rapidly disappearing in the air travel industry, and the violent behavior known as air rage is a constant threat. Once sought after by other industries for advice because of its expertise in customer service, the air travel industry has now slipped to the lowest rungs of companies with unhappy customers. As airlines cut corners in order to avoid bankruptcy, passengers' patience is tested by the stress of flight delays, crowded airports and close packed seating on airplanes. This article examines the situation, strategies used by passengers and ways the airline industry might better inspire courteous behavior in passengers. A cultural expectation of entitlement and competitiveness for limited resources has led to a breakdown in civilized behavior throughout society, both in the United States and internationally. Air travelers faced with rude and intrusive behavior from others on the flight are beginning to find their own ways of coping, such as high quality headphones to block offensive noises, and mechanical devices to keep the seat in front from reclining to the point where it hits their knees. The most potentially effective remedies will come from airlines that enlist cooperation by offering effective passenger education and possibly even incentives. Acceptable airline behaviors need to be plainly defined and stressed for passengers, both before boarding and onboard. In this paper, some methods are suggested to motivate passengers and to inspire courteous behavior.