• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.555-566
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to identify the degree of burden and depression according to level of self-care activity and variables to which affect that in family caregivers of patients with stroke. The data were collected from October 23th to November 20th, 1995 The subjects in this study were 80 caregivers, that is, one family member and 80 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in one oriental medicine hospital in D city. The questionnaires consisted of questions regarding burden(13 items, 6 point scale), depression(20 items, 4 point scale), and self-care activity(15 items, 5 point sacle) Data were analyzed using percentages, means, t-test and ANOVA with the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The mean score for client's self-care activity was 2.58. The highest score of the self-care activity item was 'returning'(M=3.604), and the lowest score of the self-care activity item was 'shower or tubbathing'(M=1.925). 2) the degrees of self-care activity according to the general characteristics of patients were tested. It was significantly different by sex(P<0.01), occupation(P<0.05), and relationships with patients(P<0.05). That is, the degree of self-care activity was higher in men than that of women, and caregiver with job than caregiver without that. In the case that caregiver was a patient's spouse, the degree of self-care activity was higher than other case. 3) The score for family caregiver's burden was higher than the mid level for the 13 items and caregiver's depression was relatively low. 4) According to the degree of self-care activity, the group was divided to 3, that is, A( 15-33), B(34-56), and C(57-75). The score of total burden was the highest in group A(M=55.257) and the lowest in group C(M=51.928), but there were no statistically significant differences between groups. The score of objective burden was the highest in group A(M=30.400), and the lowest in group C(M=25.214), and there were statistically significant differences between groups. The score of subjective burden was the highest in group B(M=26.000) and the lowest in group A(M=24.783), but there were no statistically significant differences between groups. The degree of depression was the highest in group A(M=44.750) and the lowest in group C(M=40.751), but there were no statistically significant differences between groups.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-concept and self-care activities of the cerebral palsied adolescents and to gain the baseline data for development of effective rehabilitation nursing intervention program of the cerebral palsied adolescents. The design of this study was a descriptive correlational study. The subjects of the study were 160 cerebral palsied adolescents attending at special schools located in Seoul and Kyonggi and rehabilitation centers located in Seoul, Kyonggi and Kyongnam province. The data was collected from May 20 to July 20, 2000. The instrument used for this study were the self-concept scale(50items 4point scale) and self-care activities scale(29items 4point scale). Self-Concept Scale had developed by Fitt(1965), which was standardized by Chung(1968) and modified by Kim(1984). Self-Care Activities Scale developed by the researcher through out the consulting of expert and pilot study on the basis of ADL check list developed by Kang(1984) and LDSQ-3(Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnair-3) developed by Na et al. (1995). The data was analyzed by the SPSS/PC+program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA & Scheffe test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The mean score of self-concept was $138.55{\pm}17.20$(range: 50-100), which the item mean score was $2.77{\pm}0.34$(range: 1-4). The score of subarea of the self-concept was the highest score in family self ($3.01{\pm}0.54$) and the lowest score in physical self ($2.52{\pm}0.42$). 2. The mean score of self-care activities was $95.25{\pm}21.69$ (range: 29-116), which the item mean score was $3.28{\pm}0.75$ (range: 1-4). The score of subarea of the self-care activities was the highest score in feeding($3.75{\pm}0.59$) and the lowest score in walking($2.64{\pm}1.21$). 3. There were statistically significant difference in the score of self-concept according to the age (F=3.24, P=.04), the grads (F=4.36, P=.01), and types of cerebral palsy (F=2.42, P=.03). 4. There were statistically significant difference in the score of self-care activities according to the age (F=8.29, P=.00), the grads (F=16.05, P=.00), types of living place (F=6.46, P=.00), types of cerebral palsy (F=48.92, P=.00), whether or not receiving a rehabilitation therapy (t=-3.64, P=.00), whether or not receiving a vocational training (t=2.14, P=.03), and whether or not using a device (t=-7.42, P=.00). 5. There was not significant correlation between self-concept and self-care activities (r=.081, P=.311).

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.168-179
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify level of recognition of the importance, satisfaction and contribution of APNs' role by physicians, nurses, and advanced practice nurses. Method: Perceived importance and satisfaction were measured with a 23-item questionnaire on APN role with 5 subcategories. APNs' contribution was investigated using a 13-item outcome questionnaire developed by the researchers. Between August 15 and October 31, 2009, the researchers collected data from 68 physicians, 265 nurses, and 23 APNs all working in a single tertiary hospital. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis Test with Bonferroni's Correction and scatter plot. Result: The importance (3.24~3.39, 4 point scale), satisfaction (3.02~3.13, 4 point scale), and contribution of APNs' role (3.39~4.12, 5 point scale) were well recognized by the health care professionals. All the three health care professional groups rated APNs' contribution high in medical service management, continuity of care, patient accessibility, improvement in patient satisfaction, and patient and family education. 'Importance-Satisfaction Analysis' showed that patient data management by APNs needed greater effort. Conclusions: The findings show that the importance, satisfaction, contribution of APNs' role are recognized, and indicate a need for further development of APNs' role through efforts to overcome the gaps identified through this research.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.875-887
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide basic data needed in developing an educational program designed to upgrade capacity and awareness of preventive dental treatment among oral health workers, by analyzing levels of awareness of preventive dental treatment and educational needs among dentists and dental hygienists. Methods: The collected data was analyzed with SPSS program ver. 19.0. The data was under t-test. Results: The frequency level of giving preventive dental treatment to patients among dentists and dental hygienists is below mid-point, 3 on the 5-point Likert scale. In terms of frequency level per item, scaling & polishing was ranked the highest, followed by periodontal maintenance, tooth-brushing instruction, and prescription and instruction of oral care product in descending order. On the questions asking how important preventive dental care they perceive to be, both dentists and dental hygienists perceived it to be highly important. When they were asked to rank those items by the importance of education, they considered periodontal maintenance as the most important one, followed by individual education of oral health, incremental oral health care, scaling& polishing, toothbrushing instruction, and prescription and instruction of oral care product. Respondents pointed out problems in running a preventive dental treatment program as follows: overwork, lack of dedicated workforce, un-fixed costs, and lack of necessary equipment. When they were asked to point out items needed to run such a program, the largest number of respondents indicated dedicated workforce placement, followed by improving awareness of the customer, and improving awareness of the dental workers. Conclusions: In order to effectively run a preventive dental treatment program, it is necessary for oral health workers to clearly understand the concept of it. It is also necessary to develop and operate an education program on preventive dental treatment targeting oral health professionals.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1619-1627
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the safety awareness and safety practice behavior of adult learners who participated in "civic safety culture college" was held in Changwon city. We carried out a questionnaire survey that was targeted at 150 citizens, but 132 citizens were included finally. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Analysis methods were t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearsons correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The results were as follows. First, safety awareness point was an average of 4.17 point which was higher levels. Area showing the highest safety awareness was fire safety. Safety practice behavior point was an over intermediate level of an average of 3.58 point. Second, safety practice behavior had statistically significant difference according to sex(t=2.58, p=.01), education(t=-2.57, p=.01), job(t=-1.96, p=.05), housing(t=3.65, p<.001). Third, there was a positive correlation between home safety awareness(r=.28, p<.001), traffic safety awareness(r=.37, p<.001), fire safety awareness(r=.37, p<.001), emergency care awareness(r=.45, p<.001) and safety practice behavior. Fourth, safety practice behavior was related to the emergency care awareness(${\beta}$=.34, p=.002), this factor accounted for 19.5% of the variability of the safety practice behavior. These results are expected to be very important baseline data for many different businesses and program development for strengthening of safety awareness and spreading of safety culture in Changwon city.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1614-1628
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the safety awareness and safety practice of international marriage woman in Kimhae and Changwon city. We carried out a questionnaire survey that was targeted at 138 subjects. Data collected were analyzed with SPSS 21.0 statistical program. Analysis methods were t-test, one way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Perarsons correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. The results were as follows. First, safety awareness point was an average of 4.10 point which was higher level. Safety practice point was an over intermediate level of an average of 3.23 point. Second, safety awareness had statistically significant difference according to age, year of Korea residence, born Nation, whether or not Korean citizenshilp, monthly income, temper, satisfaction of marriage. Third, safety practice had statistically significant difference according to housing, monthly income, health state, satisfaction of marriage. Fourth, safety Practice had a positive correlation with home safety awareness, traffic safety awareness, fire safety awareness, and emergency care awareness. Therefore, a higher safety awareness results in having a very well safety practice. Fifth, International Marriage Women from Japan had the highest the level in the Safety Awareness and Safety Practice. From now on, two cities should have a major concern for safety education of fire and emergency care. And the safety education based on learning need analysis need to be done substantially.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.484-493
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of health literacy and self-care performance on health care utilization of medicaid elderly. Methods: A total of 203 medicaid elderly over 65 and living in B-metropolitan city were interviewed. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Hierarchical Multiple regression. Results: The average score of the health literacy was 7.88±2.84 out of 12. The average score of self-care was 3.26±0.77 points on the 5 point scale. The frequency of health care utilization by the subjects was 6.65±5.25 a month. The health literacy and self-care performance showed a statistically significant positive correlation. The health literacy and self-care performance showed a statistically significant negative correlation with health care utilization. The factors affecting health care utilization of the subjects were self-care performance, health literacy, and religion, and the explanatory power was 25%. Conclusion: The results indicate that the self-care performance, health literacy, religion are significant factors of health care utilization in medicaid elderly. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve their self-care performance and health literacy for reasonable health care utilization. Also, it is necessary to provide the elderly with correct information about medical use from accessible religious institutions, senior community center, and welfare centers.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Self-Efficacy Promoting Program on Self-Efficacy, Metabolic Control and Self-Care Behaviors in Patients with NIDDM. Method: Data was collected from March 15th to July 15th, 2001. The subjects of the study consisted of 23 NIDDM patients who had visited regularly the endocrinology out-patient department of Gwangju Christian Hospital. The instrument used in the study Paek's self-efficacy measurement scale, was modified by the researcher, self-care behaviors were created by health care teams, and HbA1c for the sugar metabolic control were measured from the patients blood. The Interventions of the self efficacy promoting program were applied 4 hours a week for 6weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSS/PC+, using T-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. Result: The mean score for self-efficacy was $70.61{\pm}15.48$ of a 140 point scale, the mean score for $HbA_{1c}$ level was $8.07{\pm}1.86%$. The self efficacy promoting program significantly increased the score of self efficacy(Z=-4.198, P=.000). And the self efficacy promoting program was significantly decreased in metabolic control(Z=-2.585, p=.010). Taking medicine and controlling alcohol were the best self care behaviors of this program. Conclusion: It was established that the self efficacy promoting program was effective for improving self efficacy, metabolic level and self care behaviors in patients with NIDDM.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dry eye test method using a paper based microfluidic device that improves inaccuracy caused by using one of current point-of-care dry eye tests such as Shirmer's. Methods: Wax printed hydrophilic chromatography papers were dyed with anthocyanin extracts to detect colorimetric display of liquid samples with varying pH. Fluid distribution rates were measured using artificial tears and human tears directly from 32 subjects. Results: With Shirmer's, fluid distribution rates with small amount of samples (less than $0.5{\mu}l$) were not displayed. However, with paper based microfluidic device, fluid imbibition distances over time were clearly showed. Also clinical results of dry eye from newly developed paper based microfluidic device showed correlation with the results from tear break up time tests. Conclusions: The newly developed paper based microfluidic devices were easy to use and exhibited more accurate clinical results than current dry eye point of care tests such as Shirmer's.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to clarify the correlation between the degree of patients daily activities and that of a sense and social support of families. This study covers families of 252 patients under home health nursing care at 6 University Hospitals during the period of March to May. 1999. The data were collected by using three different questionnaires. Data were analysed by utilizing SAS program such as frequency. average. percentage. t-test. ANOVA. Scheffe test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results were as follows: 1. The average score of patients' daily living activity was $2.36\pm0.67$. $97.2\%$ patients turned out to be. in part. dependent on their family's care. $66.5\%$ of the patients were still dependent on their families in walking: $66.3\%$ In bathing: and $61.0\%$ in using toilet. 2. The average score burdened family caregivers had felt was 2.25 in 4 full point which can be interpreted as average. Among the six burden dimensions. time was said to be the No. 1 burden-yielding factor. When it comes to the characteristics of patients. there were tendencies for patients with lower incomes residing in communal housing. with cerebrovasculal diseases and with higher score of daily living activity to show a higher burden scores. 3. The average score of social support was 2.49 in 5 point. which represents a average score. Among other items. the opportunity of social integration was 2.66. topping the list whereas a chance of upbringing was starkly low at 2.42. The higher scores of social support were shown in cases where the caregiver was male spouse. total care giving duration exceeded 25 months and malignant patients daily living activity scores were low. 4. The score of patients daily activity was positively correlated to the degree of the family burden (r=0.1942). Data indicates there was direct correlation between daily living activity and burden of time consuming, self-improving and physical impairment. 5. The score of the patients daily living was negatively correlated to the social support (r=0.3414), As a whole. there was negative correlation between social support and the formation of intimacy and self-confidence.