Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.14479/jkoos.2013.18.2.093

Development of Paper-based Microfluidic Device for Dry Eye Test  

Seo, Young Tae (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science & Technology)
Noh, Hyeran (Dept. of Optometry, Seoul National University of Science & Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society / v.18, no.2, 2013 , pp. 93-99 More about this Journal
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a dry eye test method using a paper based microfluidic device that improves inaccuracy caused by using one of current point-of-care dry eye tests such as Shirmer's. Methods: Wax printed hydrophilic chromatography papers were dyed with anthocyanin extracts to detect colorimetric display of liquid samples with varying pH. Fluid distribution rates were measured using artificial tears and human tears directly from 32 subjects. Results: With Shirmer's, fluid distribution rates with small amount of samples (less than $0.5{\mu}l$) were not displayed. However, with paper based microfluidic device, fluid imbibition distances over time were clearly showed. Also clinical results of dry eye from newly developed paper based microfluidic device showed correlation with the results from tear break up time tests. Conclusions: The newly developed paper based microfluidic devices were easy to use and exhibited more accurate clinical results than current dry eye point of care tests such as Shirmer's.
Keywords
Dry eye test; Shirmer's test; Microfluidics; Capillary action;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Noh H, Phillips ST. Metering the capillary-driven flow of fluids in paper-based microfluidic devices. Anal Chem. 2010;82(10):4181-4187.   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Lemp M, Baudouin C, Baum J, Dogru M, Foulks G, Kinshita S, et al. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop. Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):75-92.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Nichols KK, Foulks GN, Schaumberg DA, Smith JA. The changing times in dry eye research. Optom Vis Sci. 2008;85(8):613-614.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Lee BJ, Hong JH, Jung DI Park MJ. A study on the confidence of dry eye diagnosis methods. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2008;13(1)15-20.
5 Kim SA, Seo ES, Lee YH, JM Kim JM. A comparative study of contact lens wearer with dry-eye patient on tear function tests. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2004;9(2):301-312.
6 Ryu CH, Park HJ, Kim JM, Lee SA Ra, MS. A study on distribution of dry eye and diagnosis methods. J Korean Oph Opt Soc. 2000;5(2):91-98.
7 Mengher LS, Bron AJ, Tonge SR, Gilbert DJ. A noninvasive instrument for clinical assessment of the pre-corneal tear film stability. Curr Eye Res. 1985;4(1):1-7.   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Sahai A, Malik P. Dry eye: prevalence and attributable risk factors in a hospital-based population. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2005;53(2):87-91.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 McMonnies CW, Ho A. Patient history in screening for dry eye conditions. J Am Optom Assoc. 1987;58(4):296-301.
10 Paschides CA, Kitsios G, Karakostas KX, Psillas C, Moutsopoulos HM. Evaluation of tear break-up time, Schirmer's-I test and rose bengal staining as confirmatory tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1989;7(2):155-157.
11 Ali MM, Aguirre SD, Xu Y, Filipe CD, Pelton R, Li Y. Detection of DNA using bioactive paper strips. Chem Commun. 2007;21(43):6640-6642.
12 Martinez AW, Phillips ST, Wiley BJ, Gupta, M, Whitesides GM. FLASH: A rapid method for prototyping paper-based microfluidic devices. Lab Chip. 2008;8(12):2146-2150.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Noh N, Phillips ST. Fluidic Timers for Time-Dependent, Point-of-Care Assays on Paper. Anal Chem. 2010;82(19): 8071-8078.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Kim HS, Noh H. Quantifying the Fluid Volumes in Paper Microfluidic Devices for Dry Eye Test. Macromol Res. 2013;21(7):788-792   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Carrilho E, Martinez AW, Whitesides GM. Understanding Wax Printing: A Simple Micropatterning Process for Paper- Based Microfluidics. Anal Chem. 2009;81(16):7091-7095.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Bohnert JL, Horbett TA, Ratner BD, Royce FH. Adsorption of proteins from artificial tear solutions to contact lens materials. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1988;29(3): 362-373.
17 Washburn, E. The dynamics of capillary flow. Phys Rev. 1923;17(3):273-283.
18 Gilbard JP, Rossi SR, Heyda KG. Ophthalmic solutions, the ocular surface, and a unique therapeutic artificial tear formulation. Am J Ophthalmol. 1989;107(4):348-355.   DOI
19 Washburn, EW. Note on a method of determining the distribution of pore sizes in a porous material. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A, 1921;7(4):115-116.   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Kissa, E. Wetting and Wicking. Tex Res J. 1996;66(10): 660-668.   DOI   ScienceOn
21 McCann LC, Tomlinson A, Pearce EI, Papa V. Effectiveness of artificial tears in the management of evaporative dry eye. Clin. Sci. 2012;31(1):1-5.
22 Frensdorff HK, Watson MT, Kauzmann W. The Kinetics of Protein Denaturation. IV. The Viscosity and Gelation of Urea Solutions of Ovalbumin 1. J Am Chem Soc. 1953; 75(21):5157-5166.   DOI
23 Saleh TA, McDermott B, Bates AK, Ewings P. Phenol red thread test vs Schirmer's test: a comparative study. Eye(Lond). 2006;20(8):913-915.
24 Tomlinson A, Blades, KJ, Pearce EI. What does the Phenol Red Thread Test Actually Measure?. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78(3):142-146.