• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

The one way fluid structure interaction analysis on advanced propeller blade for next generation turboprop aircraft. HS1 airfoil series are selected as a advanced propeller blade airfoil. Adkins method is used for aerodynamic design and performance analysis with respect to the design point. Adkins method is based on the vortex-blade element theory which design the propeller to satisfy the condition for minimum energy loss. propeller geometry is generated by varying chord length and pitch angle at design point. Blade sweep is designed based on the design mach number and target propulsion efficiency. The aerodynamic characteristics of the designed Advanced propeller were verified by CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamic) and showed the enhanced performance than the conventional propeller. The skin-foam sandwich structural type is adopted for blade. The high stiffness, strength carbon/epoxy composite material is used for the skin and PMI(Polymethacrylimide) is used for the foam. Aerodynamic load is calculated by computational fluid dynamics. Linear static stress analysis is performed by finite element analysis code MSC.NASTRAN in order to investigate the structural safety. The result of structural analysis showed that the design has sufficient structural safety. It was concluded that structural safety assessment should incorporate the off-design points.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) have been shown to be efficient lateral force-resisting systems, which are increasingly used in new and retrofit construction. These structural systems are designed with either stiffened and stocky or unstiffened and slender web plates based on disparate structural and economical considerations. Based on some limited reported studies, on the other hand, employment of low yield point (LYP) steel infill plates with extremely low yield strength, and high ductility as well as elongation properties is found to facilitate the design and improve the structural behavior and seismic performance of the SPSW systems. On this basis, this paper reports system-level investigations on the seismic response assessment of multi-story SPSW frames under the action of earthquake ground motions. The effectiveness of the strip model in representing the behaviors of SPSWs with different buckling and yielding properties is primarily verified. Subsequently, the structural and seismic performances of several code-designed and retrofitted SPSW frames with conventional and LYP steel infill plates are investigated through detailed modal and nonlinear time-history analyses. Evaluation of various seismic response parameters including drift, acceleration, base shear and moment, column axial load, and web-plate ductility demands, demonstrates the capabilities of SPSW systems in improving the seismic performance of structures and reveals various advantages of use of LYP steel material in seismic design and retrofit of SPSW systems, in particular, application of LYP steel infill plates of double thickness in seismic retrofit of conventional steel and code-designed SPSW frames.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2001-2005
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• 2005

The tensile test is generally used to measure mechanical properties with conventional fracture test. This test is extremely certain method to measure Young's modulus, yield strength, tensile strength and so on. ASTM, by international standard, prescribes two classes of tensile tests in tubular products. One is method that specimens aren't done by any process with Tube-shape. The other is that specimens are made on process for C-shape. In this paper, we would like to present the new-shape specimens for the tensile test. The presented specimen's shape is that put two pieces of C-shape specimens together. Besides a load point and a support point are fixed like Tube-shape specimens. This shape of specimen has a difference that existing specimen is made on one-step process out this specimen is made on two-step process. This shape is considered that stress concentration phenomenon occurs at the reduced section if a specimen is made on one step process.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제29권 6호
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• pp.393-405
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• 2022

Lightweight concrete is a superior material due to its light weight and high strength. There however remain significant lacunae in engineering knowledge with regards to shear failure of lightweight fiber reinforced concrete beams. The main aim of the present study is to investigate the optimum usage of steel fibers in lightweight fiber reinforced concrete (LWFRC). Multi-scale finite element model calibrated with experimental results is developed to study the effect of steel fibers on the mechanical properties of LWFRC beams. To decrease the amount of steel fibers, it is preferred to reinforce only the middle section of the LWFRC beams, where the flexural stresses are higher. For numerical simulation, a multi-scale finite element model was developed. The cement matrix was modeled as homogeneous and uniform material and both steel fibers and lightweight coarse aggregates were randomly distributed within the matrix. Considering more realistic assumptions, the bonding between fibers and cement matrix was considered with the Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) and its parameters were determined using the model update method. Furthermore, conformity of Load-Crack Mouth Opening Displacement (CMOD) curves obtained from numerical modeling and experimental test results of notched beams under center-point loading tests were investigated. Validating the finite element model results with experimental tests, the effects of fibers' volume fraction, and the length of the reinforced middle section, on flexural and residual strengths of LWFRC, were studied. Results indicate that using steel fibers in a specified length of the concrete beam with high flexural stresses, and considerable savings can be achieved in using steel fibers. Reducing the length of the reinforced middle section from 50 to 30 cm in specimens containing 10 kg/m3 of steel fibers, resulting in a considerable decrease of the used steel fibers by four times, whereas only a 7% reduction in bearing capacity was observed. Therefore, determining an appropriate length of the reinforced middle section is an essential parameter in reducing fibers, usage leading to more affordable construction costs.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2004년도 학술대회지
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• pp.408-413
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• 2004

High speed planning boats also have been required more and more the rational strength analysis and evaluation for the optimal structural design in respect of the structural lightness according to the high speed trend. Even though the suggestion of the simple type equation for the equivalent dynamic pressure is reasonable to design the scantling of ship structure conveniently, many research activities for more reasonable improvement of the simple design pressure, have been continued to suggest the more accurate equivalent static description of tire structural response such as the deflection and stress of hull structure. In this research, we focus on the aluminum bottom stiffened plate structure in which structural scantling is mainly depend on the local loads such as dynamic or impact pressure without other load effects and structural response for the simple dynamic equivalent pressure was investigated through the structural analysis. In order to investigate the structural response of the bottom stiffened plate structure subjected to the dynamic equivalent design pressure, linear and nonlinear structural analysis of the bottom stiffened plate structure of 4.3 ton aluminum planning boat was performed based on the equivalent static applied loads which were derived from the KR regulation and representative one among various dynamic equivalent pressure equations. From above analysis results, we found that the response such as deflection and stress of plate member was similar with the response results of one plate member model with fixed boundary, which was published previous paper and in case of KR design loading, all response of stiffened plate structure were within elastic limit. Through the nonlinear analysis, nearly elastic behavior including the slight geometrical nonlinear response was dominant but plastic local zone was appeared at $85\%$ limit load. Therefore, we can say that through tire linear and nonlinear analysis, this stiffened plate member has no structural strength problem based on the yield criteria in case within $60\%$ limit load except the other strength point of view such as the fatigue and buckling problem.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.357-366
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• 2010

이 연구에서는 경계부재내에 다양한 형태의 횡보강근 상세를 가진 전단벽에 대한 실험연구를 다루고자 한다. 연구의 주요 내용은 시공성 개선을 위해 사각나선 횡보강근과 헤드가 있는 크로스타이로 전단벽의 경계부재내 콘크리트를 구속함에 따른 거동을 실험적으로 관찰하는 것이다. 이 두 가지 상세는 공장에서 제작된 후 현장에서 조립만 할 경우, 현장작업량을 줄일 수 있는 상세로 고려될 수 있으며, 이 연구에서는 이 두 가지 상세를 가진 전단벽에 대한 구조성능을 구명하고자 한다. 실험의 주요변수는 경계부재내 횡보강근의 형태로서 기존의 띠철근, 사각나선근, 그리고 기존 크로스타이와 헤드가 있는 크로스타이를 사용한 경우로서, 총 4개의 바벨형상의 전단벽 실험체를 제작하고 일정 축력 아래에서 반복하중 실험을 통하여 그 성능을 평가한다. 콘크리트 공칭강도의 10%의 일정축력 작용상태에서 횡방향 반복가력을 실시하여 구조성능을 평가한다. 실험 결과 전단벽의 경계부재내 시공성 개선을 위해 제안된 사각나선근과 기계적 정착장치를 사용함으로써 재래의 보강방법과 거의 동등한 구조성능을 확보할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 띠철근의 직경이 크고 횡보강근의 체적비가 다소 높은 SW-Hh시험체가 항복 이후 균열이 닫힌 다음 강성이 높아짐으로 인하여 전체적인 소산에너지 면적이 다른 시험체에 비하여 높게 나타났으나 최대강도 도달 이후 내력이 다소 급격히 저하되는 것으로 나타나 강도와 연성의 확보측면에서 횡보강근의 체적비와 함께 간격에 대한 고려가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2017

Objectives: This study assessed the effect of water storage on the flexural strength (FS) of low shrinkage composites. Materials and Methods: A total of 165 bar-shaped specimens ($2{\times}2{\times}25mm$) were fabricated of 2 low shrinkage composites (Filtek P90 [3M ESPE], GC Kalore [GC International]) and a conventional methacrylate-based composite (Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE]). The specimens were subjected to 3-point bending test at 6 time intervals, namely: immediately after curing, at 24 hours, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year following storage in wet and dry conditions. The FS of the specimens were measured by applying compressive load at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Data was analyzed using 3-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. Results: Three-way ANOVA revealed significant interactions between time, type of composite, and storage condition (p = 0.001). Tukey's multiple comparison test revealed significant reductions in FS of all composites after 6 months and 1 year of storage in distilled water compared to dry condition. Conclusions: Filtek P90 showed the highest and GC Kalore showed the lowest FS after 1 year storage in distilled water. The immediate high strength of Filtek Z250 significantly decreased at 1 year and its final value was lower than that of Filtek P90.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.103-112
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• 1992

선박의 최종굽힘 모멘트는 설계에 적용되는 주요강도로써 이를 추정하는 여러방법들이 제안되었는데, 판과 보강재로 이루어진 구조요소의 압축 최종강도에 대한 추징에서 시작되는 것이 일반적이다. 본 논문에서는 최종굽힘 모멘트를 구하기 위해 보강판의 압축 강도추정을 지금까지 제안된 여러가지 방법을 정리하여 소개하고, 실선 설계에 적용될 수 있는 유용성 측면에서 검토하였다. 그 결과를 이용하여 3척의 살물선에 대한 신뢰성 해석을 수행하였다. 선박에 작용하는 파랑굽힘 모멘트는 선급규정에 의해 계산하였다. 본 연구의 신뢰성 해석 문제는 안전여유식의 형태가 비선형임을 고려하여 Advanced First-Order Reliability Method를 이용하였다. 몇가지의 해석예로부터 선체구조의 신뢰성 검토측면에서 최종강도 추정방법을 비교하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.693-696
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• 2008

최근에 개발된 이방향 휨인장 시험법(Biaxial Flexure Test; BFT)을 적용하여 이축 인장강도를 측정한 결과 원형 시편에 1${\sim}$3개의 초기 균열이 불규칙 하게 발행한 후 파괴되는 것이 일반적이며, 실험체의 크기가 증가함에 따라 상대적으로 균열의 개수가 증가하는 양상을 갖는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한, 일방향 휨인장과 마찬가지로 이방향 인장상태의 균열강도의 크기효과에 관한 연구를 위한 각종 변수의 선택에 따른 이방향 휨 인장시험체의 거동을 삼차원 유한요소 해석을 통해 분석하였으며, 지점간의 지름, 하중재하판의 지름, 시험체의 두께와 여유길이 등이 주요변수로 고려되었다. 분석결과 시험체가 b/a>0.4인 경우에서는 h/a가 증가할수록, 여유길이의 크기가 작을수록 이방향 휨인장 응력 산정식과 일치함을 알 수 있었다.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.419-430
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• 2023

In this study, the effect of two types of aggregates (fly ash aggregate and shale aggregate) on the density, strength, and durability of preplaced lightweight aggregate concrete (PLWAC) was studied. The results showed that the 7 - 28 days strength of concrete prepared with fly ash aggregates (high water absorption rate) significantly increased, which could attribute to the long-term water release of fly ash aggregates by the refined pore structure. In contrast, the strength increase of concrete prepared with shale aggregates (low water absorption rate) is not apparent. Although PLWAC prepared with fly ash aggregates has a lower density and higher strength (56.8 MPa @ 1600 kg/m³), the chloride diffusion coefficient is relatively high, which could attribute to the diffusion paths established by connected porous aggregates and the negative over-curing effect. Compared to the control group, the partial replacement of fly ash aggregates (30%) with asphalt emulsion (20% solid content) coated aggregates can reduce the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete by 53.6% while increasing the peak load obtained in a three-point bending test by 107.3%, fracture energy by 30.3% and characteristic length by 103.5%. The improvement in concrete performance could be attributed to the reduction in the water absorption rate of aggregates and increased energy absorption by polymer during crack propagation.