• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.121-137
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• 1998

This paper is a study of clothing recorded in$\boxDr$Shin Ching$\boxUl$.$\boxDr$Shin Ching$\boxUl$is the oldest poetry, which written in early west-Zhou to mid Spring and Autumn Period. In this book, clothing is classified with men's women's and fabrics. But only the men's costume is included in this paper, and others will be studied later. As a result, men's clothing includes Qui, Mian Fu, Bian Fu, Yi Shang, Po, Ze, the armour, the belt ornaments, the hair ornaments and the hair styles, the shoes. 1. Qui is depicted at 11 poetries. It's materials are sheep, wolf, bear etc. The materials and color are differentiated according to the class. 2. Mian Fu is depicted at 20 poetries. There are depictions about the embroidered black garment and a red skirt, and also about inner blouse, Chong er, Chi xi etc. 3. Bian Fu is depicted at 5 poetries and there are three types. 4. Yi Shang is depicted at 9 poetries and classified with two types. One is twp piece style, and the other is one pieced style. 5. Po and Ze is depicted at 1 poetry. Po is sa long coat with lining and Ze is a under-wear. The armour and the helmet are depicted at 2 poetries. 6. The belt ornaments are classified with two styles. One is decorational and the other is practical. At 7 poetries they are depicted. 7. The hair ornaments includes a hat and a hair style. Also, the shoes are depicted and there are two styles. Such a results can clarify the men's costumes of Zhou and may be a raw datas about the costumes of old China.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.211-219
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to trace and identify termilogies recorded im kei lim yu sa. ma(麻), kyun(絹), po(布), je(苧), and je-po(苧布) were included in this study. For the analysis of this research comparative analytical methods was employed. Some significant findings and results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. Text : hemp is called san(麻曰三). The word san of Koryo was derived from Indian sann, san, sana, sunn, 2. Text : Kyun is called jyi or kib(絹曰及). The word jyi(及) of Koryo was from jyi or kib() of Silla. 3. Text : Hemp cloth is called bey(bei), pey(pei), bai(布曰背). Be (베) has two meanings of hemp cloth and cloth in Korean. In the text it is interpreted as hemp cloth. 4. Text : Ramie or China grass is called mar, maw, mao, mu (毛). (苧曰毛). It is considered that the word mau(mo in Korean) (毛) in text is correct and word mau(毛) meaning China grass of Koryho is derived from mah or mak that is an old Egyptian name for flax or linen. The word mau(mo) (毛) of Koryo seems to be a transliteration of mah(or mak) in Korean or a variety of it. 5. Raime cloth or China grass cloth is clalled mau shy (苧布曰毛施). Silmar words to mau shy(毛施) of Koryo were found in Chinese, Manchurian and japanese as well as in Ancient Hebrew.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.887-890
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• 2009

Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based materials have attracted considerable attention on account of their excellent stability and recrystallization. Nanoscale HAp powders with a mean particle size of 200 nm were used to regenerate the enamel layers of damaged teeth. An artificially scratched tooth was immersed in a nanoscale HAp powder suspension in d.i. water (HAp of 70 wt%) at 37 ${^{\circ}C}$ for a period of 1~3 months. SEM and AFM showed that the scratched surface was ultimately inlaid with HAp after three months and the roughness increased from 2.80 to 5.51. Moreover, the hardness of the neo-generated HAp layer on the crown was similar to that of the innate layer. $Ca^{2+}$ and ${PO_4}^{3-}$ ions from the HAp powders dissolved in d.i. water were precipitated on the tooth to produce cemented pasteson the enamel surface due to its high recrystallizing characteristics, resulting in a hard neo-regenerated HAp layer on the enamel layer. This nanoscale HAp powder solution might be used to heal decayed teeth as well as to develop tooth whitening appliances.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.20-55
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• 2016

Koguryo's tomb mural paintings in North Korea are our precious cultural heritage which have been designated as UNESCO World Heritage property receiving high praise in the following criterion, i) exceptional creativeness of human being, ii) representative value showing the stage of development in construction history of East-Asia, iii) aesthetic superiority iv) uniqueness of building construction including tombs' ceiling. Mural paintings have been found from almost 100 tombs of the Koguryo dynasty out of 130 which are scattered across Huanren County, Lianoning Province, Ji'an, Jilin Province in China and Pyongyang in North Korea. Especially, most of them are gathered in Pyongyang from 4th and 5th century. Peculiarly, some of them have been constructed before King Jangsu's transfer of the capital to Pyongyang(AD 427). It can be regarded that Pyongyang territory had been under control of Koguryo and to become a new capital in the near future. And dense emergence of such tombs since the capital transfer from Gungnae City to Pyongyang during the reign of Jangsu is linked closely to the construction of tombs for rulers under strengthen royal authority of Jangsu and centralized system of authoritarian rule. Tomb mural paintings describe the owner's figure pictorially based on the truth just as in his living years. General lifestyles of ruling powers and sovereigns can be seen from the wall paintings portraying several buildings with various styles, figures, manners of living, which are considered that the tomb owner had led politically and sociologically in his life. In spite of not enough proofs to approve figure of architectures or "Gong-Po" in wall paintings on the tombs as those of Koguryo, it is persuasive with consideration for painting and decoration inside the tomb like wooden building in real life for the purpose of reenacting and continuing the tomb owner's luxurious life after death. "Du-Gong-Po-Zak" had appeared in company with Koguryo tomb murals and it can be found in most of the murals. And the emergence of substantial "Gong-Po-Do" can be counted more than a century ahead of the figure in murals. It could be a reasonable assumption as regards Koguryo tomb murals time of appearance match up with production period of Gahyungmyunggi(家形明器) and Hwasangseok(畵像石) Hwasangjeon(畵像塼) Design in the Mural Painting of the East-Han(東漢) Ancient Tombs in China. On this study, architectural "Gong-Po"s described in Koguryo tomb murals are categorized largely in "Bi(non)-Po-Zak-kye", "Jun(semi)-Po-Zak-kye", and "Po-Zak-kye" based on presence of "Ju-Du", "Cheom-Cha", and "Cheom-Cha-Sal-Mi" with developmental aspect, and, "Po-zak" is subdivided as "Bi(non)-Cheul-Mok" and "Cheul-Mok" types.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

Background: Postoperative (PO) pain interferes with the recovery and mobilization of the surgical patients. The impact of the educational status has not been studied adequately up to now. Methods: This prospective study involved 400 consecutive general surgery patients. Various factors known to be associated with the perception of pain including the educational status were recorded as was the preoperative and postoperative pain and the analgesia requirements for the $1^{st}$ PO week. Based on the educational status, we classified the patients in 3 groups and we compared these groups for the main outcomes: i.e. PO pain and PO analgesia. Results: There were 145 patients of lower education (junior school), 150 patients of high education (high school) and 101 of higher education (university). Patients of lower education were found to experience more pain than patients of higher education in all postoperative days (from the $2^{nd}$ to the $6^{th}$). No difference was identified in the type and quantity of the analgesia used. The subgroup analysis showed that patients with depression and young patients (< 40 years) had the maximum effect. Conclusions: The educational status may be a significant predictor of postoperative pain due to various reasons, including the poor understanding of the preoperative information, the level of anxiety and depression caused by that and the suboptimal request and use of analgesia. Younger patients (< 40), and patients with subclinical depression are mostly affected while there is no impact on patients over 60 years old.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 2001

Purpose: To evaluate effectiveness of arthroscopic capsular release combined with manipulation in frozen shoulder. Material and Method: 15 patient who had failed to respond to physical therapy were evaluated, which were treated with arthroscopic capsular release combined with manipulation, from July 1998 to March 2000. Result: At a mean of fifteen months(range, six to twenty four) after the combined procedure, the improvement in the score of Constant and Murley averaged 45 points. The mean improvement in motion was 76 degrees for abduction; 40 degrees and 65 degrees for external rotation in adduction and abduction. Conclusion : Arthroscopic capsular release with manipulation is useful method to treatment the frozen shoulder which was not respond to conservative treatment.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.28-31
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• 2012

We report the solid-liquid phase equilibria on the $GdBa_2Cu_3O_{7-{\delta}}$ (GdBCO) stability phase diagram in low oxygen pressures ($PO_2$) ranging from 1 to 100 mTorr. On the basis of the GdBCO stability phase diagram experimentally determined in low oxygen pressures, the isothermal sections of three different phase fields on log $PO_2$ vs. 1/T diagram were schematically constructed within the $Gd_2O_3-Ba_2CuO_y-Cu_2O$ ternary system, and the solid-liquid phase equilibria in each phase field were described. The invariant points on the phase boundaries include the following three reactions; a pseudobinary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3$ + liquid ($L_1$), a ternary peritectic reaction of $GdBCO{\leftrightarrow}Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y$ + liquid ($L_2$), and a monotectic reaction of $L_1{\leftrightarrow}GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$. A conspicuous feature of the solid-liquid phase equilibria in low $PO_2$ regime (1 - 100 mTorr) is that the GdBCO phase is decomposed into $Gd_2O_3+L_1$ or $Gd_2O_3+GdBa_6Cu_3O_y+L_2$ rather than $Gd_2BaCuO_5+L$ well-known in high $PO_2$ like air.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.283-287
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• 2003

Copidognathus bengalensis n. sp. is described from Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal, India. The present species is characterized by posterodorsal plate (PD) with four costae made up of po rose panels, subdivided posterior cornea of ocular plate (OC), and two pairs of basirostral setae in female. This species is related to C. pulcher group, but the nature of po rose panels on anterior areolae of anterior dorsal plate (AD) and the setal ornamentation of legs were different between the members of C. pulcher group and the present new species.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.301-302
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• 2011

본 논문에서는 리튬 폴리머 배터리($LiFePO_4/C$)의 개방전압(OCV;open-circuit voltage) 히스테리시스 특성을 이용한 확장 칼만 필터(EKF;extended Kalman filter) 기반 state-of-charge(SOC) 추정방법을 소개한다. 배터리 등가회로의 중요 요소인 OCV 모델링을 위해 충전 및 방전 각각의 OCV 히스테리시스 특성을 고려하였고 더불어 OCV-SOC 관계의 SOC 간격을 10%에서 5%로 조정하여 EKF 기반 SOC 추정알고리즘의 성능이 향상되었다. 축소된 하이브리드 자동차용 전류프로파일을 적용했을 때 SOC 추정이 잘 이루어지지 않는 영역은 EKF의 측정방정식에 노이즈 모델 및 데이터 리젝션(data rejection)을 구축하였다. 제안된 방법을 이용하여 SOC 추정결과 전류적산법 대비 5%이내의 SOC 추정에러를 만족하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.739-743
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• 2006

Synthesis of cholic acid-based tripodal receptor (1) and its high chloride ion affinity in comparison with that of chenodeoxycholic acid (2) and lithocholic acid-based receptor (3) was achieved. Anion binding affinities of the receptors were evaluated $by\;^1H$ NMR and ITC titrations. Tripodal receptor 1 showed a selective affinity for $CI ^-$ over $Br ^-$, $I^-$, $H_2 PO _4\;^-$, and $CH _3 CO_2\;^-$. The selectivity of 1 for $CI ^-$ is about 3 times that of $Br ^-$, and 17 times that for $H_2 PO_4\;^-$.