• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.30-41
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• 1997

A purpose of this research is to prove unknown relation -ship between finish bath pH and crosslinking. In pursuit of these goals, we have treated 100% cotton broad cloth with PTCA and BTCA at different pH values. They were used with H$_{3}$PO$_{4}$, NaH$_{2}$PO$_{2}$, NaH$_{2}$PO$_{4}$, Na$_{2}$HPO$_{4}$, Na$_{3}$PO$_{4}$, catalysts to produce nonformaldehyde fabrics finishes. Treatments were applied to all cotton fabrics using a parletry-cure process. For the fully understood on the relationship of finish bath pH effect and cotton cellulose esterification, the relative concentrations of chemical species were calculated from ionization constants. The effect of pH on the cotton cellulose ester was investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectra, the surface area measurement by BET method and wrinkle recovery analysis. Results of differential FT-IR spectra and their relative concentration analysis were compared with those of catalyst treated controls. FT-IR and wrinkle recovery data indicated that the esterfication by polycarboxylic acids is pridependent. A similar phenomenon also occurred when a phosphate or hypophosphite was used. Therefore, it is necessary to choose the optimum pH range of a finishing bath in order to achieve the most effective esterification.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2010

${\alpha}$-크리스토발라이트 구조의 $GaPO_4$에 대한 고압 x-선 회절 실험을 상온에서 8.9 GPa까지 시행하였다. 정방정계에 속하는 출발결정구조는 1 GPa 이하의 압력에서 회절피크가 분리되는 변화를 보이는데, 아마도 망상구조를 이루고 있는 사면체의 방향성이 압력에 의해 흐트러지면서 상-I'로 상변이가 유도된 것 같다. 압력을 증가시키면, 상-I'는 2 GPa와 3 GPa 사이에서 정방정계에 속하는 고압상(상-III)으로 상변이를 하고 있다. 이 결과는 최근 동일한 시료를 이용하여 얻은 고압실험결과(Ming et al., 2007)와 일치하지 않는다. 최고압력에 도달한 다음, 압력을 대기압으로 내리면 상-III이 그대로 유지되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.95-101
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• 1999

This study was carried out to prepare green teas by traditional roasting manufacturing process, Ku Geung Ku Po and to determine the quality charateristics of the green teas by examining the change of their main components induced during this roasting process. The content of total sugars in unroasted tea leaves was 7.82%. Its content of roasted teas was decreased by increasing the number of roasting and there was significantly differences between samples. The content of total sugars in 9th roasted green tea was 3.98%. The total nitrogen contents of green teas produced by this process were 4.96∼6.38%. The more the number of roasting and the less content of tannin in green teas. And the ratio of total nitrogen and tannin in tea leaves 21.97 but its ratio in 9th roasted tea was increased to 45.54. The ascorbic acid in tea leaves consisted in 1,820.3 mg/100g but its content was decreased by increasing the number of roasting process. Whereas the content of caffeine in green teas was not reduced significantly by this traditional method. Of all amino acids, green tea produced by Ku Jeung Ku Po was rich glutamic acid, lysine and aspartic acid. And especially, phenylalanine, which was rarely found in other green teas, was abundant in these green teas. The compositions of glutamic acid and methionine were increased as increasing the number of roasting process but those of aspartic acid and arginine decreased by these processing. The main fatty acids of Ku Jeung Ku Po green tea were linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid and the contents of unsaturated fatty acid in green teas were composed over 70% of total fatty acid. And the fatty acid contents in green teas were not affected during Ku Jeung Ku Po's process. The contents of minerals in these teas was rich in the oder of potassuim. magnessuim and calciumim, and these contents were not observed the prominant change during the process.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제7권
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• pp.45-52
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• 1966

This study was carried out to determine how the water soluble, the available $P_2O_5$ and urea-N would change in the course of time, when the mixtures of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer which occurred in Korea and largely contained calcium carbonate were made. Three kinds of materials, i. e., calcium superphosphate, urea and lime for fertilizer were used in this study. Three kinds of mixed fertilizer, i. e., A, B and C were made up by mixing these materials to satisfy the following formula. $$1)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_2H_2(PO_4)+H_2CO_3+NH_3$$ $$2)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_3(PO_4)_2+H_2CO_3+NH_3$$ $$3)\;Ca(H_2PO_4)_2+CaCO_3+CO(NH_2)_2{\rightarrow}$$$$Ca_3(PO_4)_2+H_2CO_3+CaCO_3+NH_3$$ A,B and C were placed in desiccators respectively a six month period. During the time of storage, the water soluble, the available phosphoric acid and urea-N were measured once a month, seven times with the control measurement. The results may be summarized as follows. 1. None of A, B and C showed any change in the urea-N with the lapse of time. This fact indicated that the combination of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was not unfavourable. 2. A, B and C decreased in the amount of water soluble $P_2O_5$ with the passage of time. This fact indicated that the mixing of calcium superphosphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was unfeasible. 3. The available $P_2O_5$ in any of A,B and C did not undergo a change as time went by. This fact suggested that the combination of calcium superphate and urea with lime for fertilizer was favourable.

• 멤브레인
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.228-236
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• 2009

원자전달 라디칼 중합을 이용하여 poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate)-b-polystyrene-b-poIy(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate) (PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA) 트리블록 공중합체를 합성하였다. 이렇게 합성된 PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA블록 공중합체의 -OH 그룹과 이미다졸 디카르복실릭산(IDA)의 -COOH 그룹과의 에스테르 반응에 의하여 가교된 전해질막을 제조하였다. 인산(${H_3}{PO_4}$)을 도핑하여 이미다졸-인산 착체를 형성한 결과, 인산 함량이 증가함에 따라 고분자 전해질막의 수소 이온 전도도가 증가하였다. 특히 [HEA]:[IDA]:[${H_3}{PO_4}$]=3:4:4의 조성을 갖는 PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA/IDA/${H_3}{PO_4}$ 고분자 전해질막은 $100^{\circ}C$의 비가습 조건에서 최대 0.01 S/cm의 수소이온 전도도를 나타내었다. 열분석 결과(TGA) 전해질막은 $350^{\circ}C$의 고온까지 열적으로 안정함을 확인하여 연료전지에 적용이 가능함을 보여주었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2015

A I-V and P-V characteristic of solar cell is changed to nonlinear by radiation and temperature. Therefore, to use efficiently PV system, operating point of PV system is must operate at maximum power point always. A performance of conventional the PO and the IC method is depend on the step size. So it has weakness which is must select optimal step size. Also, MPPT control applying PI and fuzzy control is not expected satisfactory performance, because of PI controller has fixed gain and fuzzy control has cumulative error by an integral calculus. Therefore, this paper proposes the VS-PO(Variable Stepsize - Perturbation & Observation) MPPT control that is automatically adjusted the step size according to the operating conditions. The VS-PO MPPT method proposed in this paper analyzes control characteristic about condition of radiation and compares with conventional methods. The validity of this paper proves using this results.

• BMB Reports
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 1998

Asymmetry amongst nucleotide binding sites of Escherichia coli $F_1$-ATPase was examined using $^{19}F$ NMR signal from fluorinated analogs of adenine nucleotides bound to nucleotide binding sites. ADP-$CF_2-{PO_3}^{2-}$ showed no inhibitory effect to $F_1$-ATPase. But ADP-CHF-${PO_3}^{2-}$ (racemic mixture) showed competitive inhibition of $F_1$-ATPase with $K_i$ of $60\;{\mu}m$. ADP-CHF-${PO_3}^{2-}$ shows only negligible binding to $EF_1$ in the absence of $Mg^2+$. With the addition of $Mg^2+$ to the medium, the $^{19}F$ resonance of free ADP-CHF-${PO_3}^{2-}$ disappeared and the new broad resonances appeared. Appearance of more than two new asymmetric resonances following the binding of ADP-CHF-${PO_3}^{2-}$ to $EF_1$ may indicate that at least one of the isomers showed split resonances. This may suggest that the region between ${\alpha}$-and ${\beta}$-phosphate of ADP-CHF-${PO_3}^{2-}$ which is bound to catalytic sites is experiencing a different environment at different sites.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.10.1-10.7
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• 2017

Small GTPases are well known as one of the signal transduction factors of immune systems. The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) can be classified into three groups based on the peptide sequence, protein molecular weight, gene structure, and phylogenetic analysis. ARF1 recruits coat proteins to the Golgi membranes when it is bound to GTP. The class I duplicated ARF gene was cloned and characterized from the olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) for this study. PoARF1b contains the GTP-binding motif and the switch 1 and 2 regions. PoARF1b and PoARF1b mutants were transfected into a Hirame natural embryo cell to determine the distribution of its GDP/GTP-bound state; consequently, it was confirmed that PoARF1b associates with the Golgi body when it is in a GTP-binding form. The results of the qPCR-described PoARF1b were expressed for all of the P. olivaceus tissues. The authors plan to study the gene expression patterns of PoARF1b in terms of immunity challenges.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2011

$(1-x)BaTiO_3+(x)Cd_5(PO_4)_3Cl$ ceramics were prepared by the conventional ceramic technique, i.e., solid state reaction at high temperature. The concentration of $Cd_5(PO_4)_3C$ was varied from 0.01 to 0.15 mole fraction. In order to study the phase transitions of our ceramics, the Raman scattering spectra were measured as functions of concentration x and temperature. It was found that the soluble limit of $Cd_5(PO_4)_3Cl$ in $BaTiO_3$ was the x=0.05 composition and $BaTiO_3$ phase disappeared above x=0.10. A new phase identified as $Ba_4Ti_3P_2O_{15}$ was detected in all samples of our compositions. The Curie temperature shifts up to $130^{\circ}C$ as the concentration x increases from zero to 0.05 and shift down to $95^{\circ}C$ as further increases to 0.08. For the increase of the Curie temperature, it is suggested that it can result from the inhibition of displacement of $Ti^{4+}$ in the distorted octahedron due to well dispersed $Ba_4Ti_3P_2O_{15}$ and $Cd_5(PO_4)_3Cl$ phase.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2013

유사 올리빈 구조를 가지는 탄소코팅 합성 $Li^+Fe^{2+}(PO_4)^{3-}$ 분말시료에 대한 상온-고압실험을 대칭 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 35.0 GPa까지 시행하였다. $LiFePO_4$의 압축 데이터를 이용하여 계산된 체적탄성률은 $130.1{\pm}10.3$ GPa이다. 18 GPa 이상의 압력에서 d = 3.386 ${\AA}$ 위치에 새로운 피크가 관찰되고 35 GPa에서는 d = 2.854 ${\AA}$에 또 다른 피크가 관찰되고 있으나 주 결정구조는 사방정계인 것으로 판단된다. 압력에 대한 단위 포 부피의 압축은 M1($Li^+O_6$)의 수축이 두드러지고 M2($Fe^{2+}O_6$)와 사면체($PO_4$)의 수축은 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타났다.