• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.6
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• pp.1063-1076
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• 2022

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of Hermetia illucens larvae (HIL) as protein and protease on growth performance, blood profiles, fecal microflora, and gas emission in growing pig. In experiment 1, the seventy-two crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial body weight (BW) of 27.98 ± 2.95 kg were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments (3 pigs per pen and 6 replicates pen per treatments). The experimental design was a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments evaluating two diets (Poultry offal diets and HIL diets) without or with supplementing protease. The poultry offal in basal diet has been replaced by HIL. In experiment 2, the four crossbred growing pigs ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) with an initial BW of 28.2 ± 0.1 kg were individually accepted in stainless steel metabolism cages. The dietary treatments included: 1) PO- (PO-; poultry offal diet), 2) PO+ (PO- + 0.05% protease), 3) HIL- (3% PO of PO- diet was replacement 3% HIL), 4) HIL+ (HIL- + 0.05% protease). In experiment 1, From weeks 0 to 2, average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency (G:F) were significantly increased in the PO diet group compared with the HIL group. From weeks 2 to 4, ADG and G:F were higher for protease group than for non-protease group. At weeks 2 and 4, the PO diet group had lower blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels than HIL diet group. In experiment 2, crude protein (CP) and nitrogen (N) retention were decreased by HIL diet at weeks 2 and 4. The fecal microflora and gas emission were not affected by HIL and protease. The HIL diet showed lower CP digestibility than PO diet and total essential amino acids digestibility tended to higher in PO diet than HIL diet. In summary, the present study revealed that replacement of the PO protein with the HIL protein and the additive of protease in growing pig diets during the overall experimental period had no negative effect.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.273-277
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• 1995

Several metabolic modulators on the generation of carbon monoxide (CO)from dichloromethane (DCM) was examined in adult female rats. It has been known that DCM is converted to CO by cytochrome P-450 or to carbon dioxide $(CO_2)$ by glutathione-dependent metabolic reaction. In rats treated with DCM (3 mmol/kg, ip) only, the carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level reached a peak of approximately 10% 2 or 3 hr following the treatment. Disulfiram (300 mg/kg, ip) or allylsulfide (200 mg/kg, po), both known as a selective inhibitior for cytochrome P-450 2E1, blocked the increase in COHb concentratlons almost completely suggesting that the metabolic conversion of DCM to CO is mediated by the activity of this specific type of isozyme. YH439 (125 or 250 mg/kg, po), a potential hepatoprotective agent, decreased the COHb elevation as well indicating that this chemical is a potent inhibitor for 2E1. In rats treated with pyrazine (200 mg/kg, ip) 18 hr prior to DCM the peak COHb concentration was decreased by approximately 3 or 4%. However, pretreatment of rats with pyrazine either 24 or 48 hr before DCM increased the peak COHb concentration significantly compared to the rats treated with DCM only. The results in the present study strongly suggest that the generation of CO from DCM depends on the 2E1 activity and that the pharmacological and/or toxicological action of YH439 or pyrazine in animals or human is associated with its effect on this isozyme.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.68-71
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• 1998

The effect of Mn and Nb additions on the electrical properties of BaTiO$_3$ has been studied by means of equilibrium electrical conductivity as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure(Po$_2$) and composition. If the manganese ion is added to the normal Ti site, i.e. BaTi$_{1-x}Mn_xO_{\delta-6}$, the equilibrium conductivity shows strong evidence of acceptor-doped behavior. The conductivity minimum, corresponding to the transition from oxygen excess, p-type behavior to oxygen deficient, n-type behavior with decreasing Po$_2$, is displaced to lower Po$_2$ and is broadened and flattened. The partial replacement of Mn ion with Nb decreases the acceptor-doped effect and the total replacement exhibits a typical donor-doped behavior. It was confirmed that unlike undoped or other acceptor-doped behavior. It was confirmed that unlike undoped or other acceptor-doped samples, for the p-type region, the electrical conductivity follows the 1/6th power dependence of oxygen partial pressure.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.289-296
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• 1985

The Townsend primary ionization coefficient a was measured by the luminous-flux method using the fact that the intensity of radiant light is proportional to electron density in the townsend discharge domain. The ranges of measurements were 15for He gas and 10

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.289-296
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• 2014

Electrochemical copolymerization of o-chlorophenol (oCP) with o-hydroxyphenol (oHP) was carried out in aqueous $H_2SO_4$ by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique. In addition, CV was used to evaluate the differences in electrochemical characteristics of the copolymer in comparison with the corresponding homopolymers, poly(o-chlorophenol) (PoCP) and poly(o-hydroxyphenol) (PoHP). The variation of peak currents with respect to sweep rates was compared between copolymer and homopolymers, PoCP and PoHP, films. Further support for copolymer characterization was obtained by recording UV-visible, IR spectra and elemental analysis. The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization has been discussed. The monomer reactivity ratios ($r_1$ and $r_2$) were calculated using Fineman-R$\ddot{o}$ss method and was found to be 0.4 and 1.3 repetitivelly and the copolymer structure is a block structure and more rich in oHP units.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.270-273
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• 2009

A comb-like copolymer consisting of a poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-chlorotrifluoro-ethylene) backbone and poly(hydroxy ethyl acrylate) side chains, i.e. P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PHEA, was synthesized through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using CTFE units as a macroinitiator. Successful synthesis and a microphase-separated structure of the copolymer were confirmed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), FT-IR spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This comb-like polymer was crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification of the -OH groups of PHEA and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) to form imidazole-$H_3PO_4$ complexes, the proton conductivity of the membranes continuously increased with increasing $H_3PO_4$ content. A maximum proton conductivity of 0.015 S/cm was achieved at $120^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. In addition, these P(VDF-co-CTFE)-g-PHEA/IDA/$H_3PO_4$ membranes exhibited good mechanical properties (765 MPa of Young's modulus), and high thermal stability up to $250^{\circ}C$, as determined by a universal testing machine (UTM) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.134-143
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• 2010

We studied the hydrogen-bonded $TlH_2PO_4$ (TDP) ferroelectrics treated with the proton-beam bombardment. The TDP material was irradiated with 1-MeV proton beam at a dose of $10^{15}/cm^2$. In order to analyze the hydrogen environment in TDP, we carried out the $^1H$ high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - i.e., Combined Rotation And Multiple Pulse Spectroscopy (CRAMPS) measurement. The isotropic chemical shift of hydrogen indicates its displacive property is related to the $PO_4$ lattice deformation which occurs throughout the antiferroelectric-, the ferroelastic- and the paraelastic-phase transitions. The temperature dependence of $\sigma_{iso}$ reveals the electronic charge redistribution is induced by the proton-beam irradiation and the elastic property.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2009

ABA type triblock copolymer of poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate )-b-polystyrene-b-poly(hydroxyl ethyl acrylate), i.e. PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA, was synthesized throughatom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). This block copolymer was thermally crosslinked with 4,5-imidazole dicarboxylic acid (IDA) via the esterification between the -OH groups of PHEA in block copolymer and the -COOH groups of IDA. Upon doping with ${H_3}{PO_4}$ to form imidazole-${H_3}{PO_4}$ complexes, the proton conductivity of membranes continuously increased with increasing ${H_3}{PO_4}$ content. The PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA/IDA/${H_3}{PO_4}$ polymer membrane with [HEA]:[IDA]:[${H_3}{PO_4}$]=3:4:4 exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.01 S/cm at $100^{\circ}C$ under anhydrous conditions. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the PHEA-b-PS-b-PHEA/IDA/${H_3}{PO_4}$ complex membranes were thermally stable up to $350^{\circ}C$, indicating their applicability in fuel cells.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.857-864
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• 2020

The multi-functional VoIP phone supports the Ethernet protocol in the TIPS(: Tactical IP Switch), which is one of the sub-systems of the tactical information and communication system (TICN). It provides secured voice / video calls in conjunction with VoIP exchanges and supports differential services such as multi-party calls and command functions. In this paper, improving methods have been proposed to reduce power supply defects in the field of multi-functional VoIP phones. The power supply part was improved by applying TVS of the output voltage inlet of the dedicated adapter of the multi-functional VoIP phone, TVS of the PoE module input, adding blocking diodes, and adding DC / DC converters behind the poly-switch. Also, functional and environmental tests were performed to verify the validity of the proposed methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2015

The determining the appropriate dosage of coagulant is very important, because dosage of coagulant in the coagulation process for wastewater affects removing the amount of pollutants, cost, and producing sludge amount. Accordingly, in this study, in order to determine the optimal PAC dosage in the coagulation process, CCD (Central composite design) was used to proceed experimental design, and the quadratic regression models were constructed between independent variables (pH, influent turbidity, PAC dosage) and each response variable (Total coliform, E.coli, PSD (Particle size distribution) (< $10{\mu}m$), TP, $PO_4$-P, and $COD_{cr}$) by the RSM (Response surface methodology). Also, Considering the various response variables, the optimum PAC dosage and range were derived. As a result, in order to maximize the removal rate of total coliform and E.coli, the values of independent variables are the pH 6-7, the influent turbidity 100-200 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.07-0.09 ml/L. For maximizing the removal rate of TP, $PO_4$-P, $COD_{cr}$, and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$), it is required for the pH 9, the influent turbidity 200-250 NTU, and the PAC dosage 0.05-0.065 ml/L. In the case of multiple independent variables, when the desirable removal rate for total coliform, E.coli, TP, and $PO_4$-P is 90-100 % and that for $COD_{cr}$ and PSD(< $10{\mu}m$) is 50-100 %, the required PAC dosage is 0.05-0.07 ml/L in the pH 9 and influent turbidity 200-250 NTU. Thus, if the influent turbidity is high, adjusting pH is more effective way in terms of cost since a small amount of PAC dosage is required.