• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.45.1-45
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• 1999

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1999

Genetic engineering of stone fruit species like apricot, plum, peach and cherry are hampered by the inefficient and low-level regeneration processes in tissue culture. The first transgenic stone fruit species have emerged from transformed hypocotyls. These great achievements were applauded by the scientific community contrary the fact that hypocotyl derived transgenic plants have no real brooding value. Tissue culture of different organs of valuable cultivars are recorded with an extremely low-level of regeneration in the literature. To improve the tissue culture basis of stone fruit plants an extensive tissue culture programme were launched and dozens of different media were compared including a series of hormone concentration in the tissue culture systems. Our continuous efforts were crowned by a very efficient method for achieving up to 30-40% regenerable petioles. Usually on a single petiole several well-separated meristems were induced. After 3-4 weeks of cultivation shoots were developed. The basic media $K_2$ were supplemented with 10g/L saccharose, 10g/L glucose and 10g/L maltose. The following plant hormones were used BAP 1mg/L, TDZ 1mg/L, 2-iP 1mg/L and IAA 0,1 mg/L concentrations. The Petri dishes were kept for 3 weeks in dark at a temperature 22$^{\circ}C$ for 8 hours and 22-24$^{\circ}C$ for 16 hours. The Petri dishes were sealed with Parafilm. The regeneration of the petioles were genotype independent and we were able to regenerate different plum cultivars with almost the same efficiency.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2012

Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni causes black spot symptom on fruit of plum, resulting in yield loss by reduction of marketable fruit production. To develop an effective control program, some chemicals were sprayed in various scheme during dormant season and growing season after blooming period. Copper-based chemicals were sprayed during dormant season and antibiotic-based chemicals were sprayed during fruit growing season. Sprays of antibiotic-based chemicals in growing season was more effective than copper-based chemicals sprays in dormant season. Three applications of antibiotic-based chemicals in 10 days interval starting 10 days after full blooming controlled disease incidence as much as 93%, whereas applications of copper-based chemicals in dormant season controlled 26-42%. Antibiotic-based chemicals application starting 10 days after full blooming was more effective than starting 20 or 30 days after full blooming.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.254-267
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• 2018

The phenotypic traits of 63 Asian plum varieties were investigated for three years to select those with superior qualities for breeding. Eight morphological characteristics of the flowers and fruits (e.g., stigma position, fruit skin, and flesh color) were evaluated. Phenological characteristics (e.g., blooming time and ripening time) were also monitored. Being useful traits for breeding, fruit quality factors (e.g., fruit weight, skin color, flesh color, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity) were evaluated as well. The majority of the fruits were cordate (36%) and circular (23%) in shape. Approximately 78% of the varieties showed a red skin color, whereas 67% had yellowish fruit flesh. Fruit ripening occurred from June 28th to September 5th, spanning 69 days. The average fruit weight and soluble solids content were 77.2 g and $12.2^{\circ}Brix$, respectively. Regarding correlations among the characteristics, the most significant correlation coefficients were for the ripening time and fruit size parameters. Such information of Asian plum varieties will be useful for future breeding programs.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.6
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• pp.129-135
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• 1988

The changes of sugar content and invertase activity during maturation of plum fruits, and properties of the enzyme were investigated in this study. The soluble sugars in plum fruits were mainly sucrose, glucose and fructose. The sucrose content in the fruit increased slowly at the early stage of maturation and then decreased slightly. At the final stage, the sucrose content increased remarkably with maturation. The contents of glucose and fructose increased slowly at the early stage of maturation following decrement at middle stage. At the final stage, glucose content decreased continuously while fructose content increased again following decrement. Invertase activity in the fruit increased during maturation showing maximum at the onset of color change and after that, decreased remarkably. The optimum pH and temperature of invertase activity were pH 5.0 and $65^{\circ}C$, respectively. The enzyme was most stable at pH 5.0 and retained 75% of its activity after incubation at $70^{\circ}C$ for 15min. The enzyme was activated by $Cu^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, but inhibited by $Hg^{{+}{+}}$ remarkably.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.35-41
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• 2020

Objectives : The object of this study was to observe anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Formosa plum aqueous extracts (PLe) on non-small cell lung carcinoma (squamous epithelial carcinoma), NCI-H520, xenograft Balb/c nu-nu nude mice. Method : Three different dosages of PLe, 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were orally administered once a day for 28 days from 11 days after tumor cell inoculation. Five groups, each of seven mice per group were used in the present study as follows. Tumor volume and weights, serum interferon (IFN)-γ levels, serum IL-6 were observed with tumor mass and lymphatic organ histopathology to detect anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. Result : Although no meaningful changes on the tumor weights and volumes were observed after treatment of all three different dosages of PLe, decreases of tumor cell volumes in tumor masses were dose-dependently decreased mediated by increases of apoptosis among tumor cells by treatment of PLe 100 and 200 mg/kg as compared with tumor-bearing control. In addition, decreases on the body weight and gains were also demonstrated in tumor-bearing control with increases of serum IL-6 levels. Conclusion : The results obtained in this study suggest that over 50 mg/kg of PLe showed favorable immunomodulatory and anticachexic effects with anticancer effects in 100 and 200 mg/kg of PLe treated groups on the NCI-H520 cell xenograft. However, detail mechanism studies should be conducted in future with the screening of the biological active compounds in this herb.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2012

The purposes of this study were to determine phenolic compounds and to evaluate antioxidant activities of plums (Soldam, Oishiwase and Formosa). Soldam contains the highest amount of total phenolics among cultivars (Formosa: 4.0%, Oishiwase: 3.3%, Soldam: 6.4% for total phenolic) as well as the total flavonoids of which constituents were mainly myricetin and anthocyanidin. The antioxidant activities were measured by DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, and SOD-like activities. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 43%, and the Soldam turned out to be the highest : ID50 value: 160-177 ${\mu}g/mL$ for Formosa and Oishiwase; 58-64 ${\mu}g/mL$ for Soldam. The ABTS radical scavenging activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) was found to be more than 50%. The SOD-like activity of Korean plum extracts (200 ${\mu}g/mL$) showed more than 70%. Among three kinds of cultivars, Soldam had the highest antioxidant activity. The nitrite scavenging activity of Soldam was 61.5%, which is the highest, compared with that of the other cultivars, about 50%. From these results, Korean plums turned out to be phytochemical rich fruit as well as to show high antioxidant activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 2002

A supersonic rocket plum flowfield of kerosene/liquid-oxygen based propulsion system has been analysed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with a 9-species 14-reaction finite-chemistry model. The result were compared with chemically frozen flow solution to investigate the effect of finite-rate chemistry on the plume flowfield. The computations were performed using a commercial CFD software, FLUENT 5. The finite-rate chemistry solution exhibited higher temperature caused by the reactions within the nozzle. All the chemical reactions within the plum were dominated only in the shear layer and behind the barrel shock reflection region where the temperatures are high and the effect of finite-rate chemical reactions on the flowfield was found to be insignificant. However, the present plume computation including the finite-rate chemical reaction within the plume has revealed major reactions occurring in the plum and their reaction mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.238-243
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• 2002

The effects of concentration and temperature on degradation of anthocyanins of purple-fleshed sweet potato pigment concentrate and a Japanese plum juice were determined over temperature ranges of 60 to $90^{\circ}C$ and 5 to $60^{\circ}C$, respectively. Degradation of anthocyanins in pigment concentrates followed the first-order reaction rate. Activation energies of the pigment solutions ranged 51.29-73.02 kJ/mol, linearly decreasing as concentration increased except the pigment solution of $8.4^{\circ}Brix$ which was not concentrated after extraction. Anthocynins in Japanese plum juice was also degraded by the first-order reaction kinetics with activation energy of 75.80 kJ/mol. Storage life of the beverage was extended with decreasing storage temperature. Pigment was ratained more than 80% until 8 months storage at $5^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.134-137
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• 2002

Approximate composition and physicochemical properties of 2 cultivars of plum (P. salicina), Humoosa and Daeseok, were examined. The contents of crude fat and N-free extract were different between 2 cultivars. Total mineral contents of Humoosa and Daeseok were 30.00 and 17.99% respectively, and S, K and Mg were major minerals in both cultivars. Humoosa has higher contents of fructose whereas Daeseok has higher contents of sucrose. Major organic acid in flesh was malic acid. While citric acid was major organic acid in the peel of Humoosa, malic acid was major in the peel of Daeseok. Glutamic acid, alanine and ${\gamma}-aminoisobutyric$ acid were major free amino acid in both cultivars and their total contents were about the same.