• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.9 s.114
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• pp.897-903
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• 2006

The reduction of the vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of noise and vibration harshness (NVH) engineers. The driver's perception on the vehicle noise is affected largely by psychoacoustic characteristic of the noise as well as the SPL. In particular, the heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system sound among the vehicle interior noise has been reflected sensitively in psychoacoustics view point. Even though the HVAC noise is not louder than overall noise level, it clearly affects subjective perception to drivers in the way of making to be nervous or annoyed. Therefore, these days a vehicle engineer takes aim at developing sound quality as well as reduction of noise. In this paper, we acquired noises in the HVAC from many vehicles. Through the objective and subjective sound quality (SQ) evaluation with acquiring noises recorded by the vehicle HVAC system, the simple and multiple regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation 'Pleasant' using the semantic differential method (SDM). The regression procedure also allows you to produce diagnostic statistics to evaluate the regression estimates including appropriation and accuracy. Furthermore, the neural network (NN) model were obtained using three inputs(loudness, sharpness and roughness) of the SQ metrics and one output(subjective 'Pleasant'). Because human's perception is very complex and hard to estimate their pattern, we used NN model. The estimated models were compared with correlations between output indexes of SQ and hearing test results for verification data 'Pleasant'. As a result of application of the SQ indexes, the NN model was shown with the largest correlation of SQ indexes and we found possibilities to predict the SQ metrics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.62-68
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• 2000

The aim of the study was to compare effects of music and white noise on the recovery of facial blood flow parameters after stressful visual stimulation. Twenty-nine subjects participated in the experiment. Three visual stimulation sessions with aversive slides (the IAPS, disgust category) were followed by subjectively "pleasant" (in the first session), "sad" music (in the second ), and white noise (in the third ). Order of sessions was counterbalanced. Blood flow parameters (peak blood flow, blood flow velocity, blood volume) were recorded by Laser Doppler single-crystal system (LASERFLO BPM 403A) interfaced through BIOPAC 100WS with AcqKnowledge software (v.3.5) and analyzed in off-line mode. Aversive visual stimulation itself decreased blood flow and velocity in all 3 sessions. Both "pleasant" and "sad" music led to the restoration of baseline levels in all blood flow parameters, while noise did not enhance recovery process. Music on post-stress recovery had significant change in peak blood flow and blood flow velocity, but not in blood volume measures. Pleasant music had bigger effects on post-stress recovery in peak blood flow and flow velocity than white noise. It reveals that music exerted positive modulatory effects on facial vascular activity measures during recovery from negative emotional state elicited by stressful slides. Results partially support the undoing hypothesis of Levenson (1994), which states that positive emotions may facilitate process of recovery from negative emotions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1443-1448
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• 2006

The reduction of the vehicle interior noise has been the main interest of NVH engineers. The driver's perception on the vehicle noise is affected largely by psychoacoustic characteristic of the noise as well as the SPL. In particular, the HVAC sound among the vehicle interior noise has been reflected sensitively in the side of psychology. Even though the HVAC noise is not louder than overall noise level, it clearly affects subjective perception in the way of making a diver become nervous or annoyed. Therefore, these days a vehicle engineer takes aim at developing sound quality as well as reduction of noise. In this paper, we acquired noises in the HVAC from many vehicles. Through the objective and subjective sound quality evaluation with acquiring noises caused by the vehicle HVAC system, the simple and multiple regression models were obtained for the subjective evaluation 'Pleasant' using the sound quality metrics. The regression procedure also allows you to produce diagnostic statistics to evaluate the regression estimates including appropriation and accuracy. Furthermore, the neural network model were obtained using three inputs(loudness, sharpness and roughness) of the sound quality metrics and one output(subjective 'Pleasant'). And then the models were compared with correlations between sound quality index outputs and hearing test results for 'Pleasant'. As a result of application of the sound quality index, the neural network was verified with the largest correlation of the sound quality index.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2001

The objectives of this study were to investigate the relationship of sound parameters with subjective sensation and physiological responses, and to figure out the interrelationship between the subjective sensation and physiological responses. Sound parameters calculated were LPT, ΔL, Δf, loudness[Z], and sharpness[Z]. Subjective sensation was evaluated in 7 aspects(soft-hard, loud-quiet, pleasant-unpleasant, sharp-dull, clear-obscure, rough-smooth, high-low) by thirty participants. We acquired physiological responses when each fabric sound was presented to 10 participants. Physiological signals obtained in this study were electroencephalogram(EEG), pulse volume(PV), skin conductance level(SCL), and LF/HF of heart rate variability. The larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the louder and the rougher the subjective sensation of the perceived fabric sound. Also, the larger the values of loudness[Z] and LPT, the harder, the duller, and the less pleasant. As LPT increased, PV decreased. Loudness[Z] increased in proportion to SCL and so did sharpness[Z] to LF/HF. As the sound perceived to be quieter and clearer, the relative power of slow alpha rose. As the sound perceived to be more pleasant and smoother, PV rose.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.107-123
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the opinions of teachers, directors, and parents about childcare teachers' facial expression language. We performed in-depth interviews based on literature and previous studies, which consisted of ten childcare teachers, ten directors, and ten parents. From the in-depth interviews, we are able to mainly conclude that all groups think that a childcare teacher's facial expression language is very important, and strongly influences interpersonal problems and work performance. Mostly, childcare teachers aim to have pleasant facial expressions. However they complain that in some situations it is difficult to do so, which causes severe stress. They argued that the facial expressions of both the director of the childcare center and the parents are also very important for children. However, the directors thought that teachers' facial expressions affect children and their parents' impressions of the teachers and quality of childcare. The parents are usually highly satisfied with the childcare when the teacher has a pleasant facial expression, which motivates the parents to have a positive impression of the teacher. Taken together, childcare teachers' facial expression language is critical for children and the childcare environment. Thus, developing an education program for facial expression language would be helpful for improving the quality of child care. Plus, childcare environments should be developed so that teachers do not experience difficulty in having pleasant facial expressions. This result might have the limitation of being collected from only female childcare teachers, directors, and parents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.192-201
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• 2010

This research deals with expressive definition of visual contents by using the distance between a subject and a screen resolution, and what changes affect the emotion of those looking at the expressive definition. A visual image captured from a HDTV screen was shown to the 61 students attending a university in the Busan area and SAM evaluation method was used to measure 3 different emotions such as pleasant, arousal, and dominance. While comparing different resolution, looking at high resolution contents rather than low resolution resulted in a direction of pleasant, arousal, and dominance. Also showing a different resolution than consistently showing the same resolution had a more volatile emotional effect. Aftermath multiple comparison resulted in a tendency for emotions to become unpleasant and un-arousal when high resolution contents were shown and then switched to a low resolution contents. There was no result of any significance in the control variables. Also on the aftermath multiple comparison on short, medium and long distance between the subject and the screen resolution, short distance had a bigger pleasant, arousal, and dominance emotional numbers than the rest. In a multiple variable verification result, a resolution and the distance of happiness and excitement showed a positive correlation.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.489-496
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• 2004

The effect of airconditioning and heating system when aircurtains installed in subway electrical rolling stock at entrance door. It blocks cold/hot air of outside. It is good for health with its blocking effect against dusts exhaust fumes, odor bugs and smoke from outside. It always maintains clean and pleasant atmosphere inside. It helps you to have health with its ever-equal temperature distribution at inside. It saves lots of maintenance cost for heating/cooling (about 86$\%$) since it cuts the loss of hot air under heating as well as of cold air under air-conditionin. Customers can feel pleasant go in and out (better than before) with the door. It is an indispensable product for the employers to cut the cost. It makes customers feel pleasant near doors, since it isnt influenced by temperature difference of cold/hot air when the door opens/closes. In electrical rolling stock passenger temperature is a lot different from that the door opens/closes. One of the main aims is to create an acceptable thermal environment without draught problem. Temperature, gradients when aircurtains installed in subway electrical rolling stock at entrance door have been studied. And the temperature measured at 0.1, 0.5, 1.3, 1.7m above the floor. It has been found that temperature, with large fluctuations caused more draught influence.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.367-374
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• 2016

Recently, many people perform jobs including study and work within a common indoor space. Yet this space could have an adverse effect on operational efficiency as well as health because of many pollution factors. So maintaining a pleasant environment in the common space is important. In this thesis we study the integrated environment management system for better living conditions. This system analyzes and manages harmful environmental factors to make more pleasant environment in office, library or classroom. The proposed indoor environment management system will provide a pleasant environment by monitoring the indoor environment and driving the actuator in real time. In addition, it can be applicable to different types of indoor space to reach solutions to raise recognition of indoor environment pollution by people.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between taste perceptions and risk factors for health of Korean elderly living in rural areas. Recognition thresholds for four basic tastes, drug consumption, BMI, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, serum triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were assessed in 176 males and 312 females aged between 50 and 88 years. For the recognition threshold of the four basic tastes, alcohol drinking did not influence their sensitivities, but the alcohol drinking group preferred a higher pleasant concentration of NaCl than did the non-alcohol drinking group. However, smoking significantly decreased sensitivities of the four basic tastes. For the pleasant concentration of NaCl, the smoking group tended to prefer a higher concentration than the non-smoking group. Drug consumption, fasting blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides did not have a significant correlation to the sensitivity of the four basic tastes and preference of salty solution. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure may have been positively correlated with the pleasant concentration of NaCl but did not correlate with the recognition thresholds of NaCl and sucrose. Further, systolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine, whereas diastolic blood pressure was negatively correlated with the recognition thresholds of caffeine and citric acid. The finding that the risk factors for health correlated with taste perception has diagnostic and practical implications for health promotion for the elderly.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.480-490
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• 2003

An innovative biopolymer known as the Rhizobian gum has been developed in France, which shows some dramatic refreshing effect on the skin. The origin of this innovative project takes its source in the natural environment, and in particular the natural environment of the roots of sunflowers and wheat, where a symbiotic bacterium has been discovered. It is a Rhizobium bacterium, which is hosted by the roots, and which is able to synthesize a specific polymer showing a dramatic water binding capacity. This polymer is in particular synthesized in period of drought, and its biological role is to concentrate the small amount water present in the soil in order to take it available for the root, which becomes then able to absorb it. This vital mechanism allows the plant to survive despite a severe climatic environment. This basic research has been conducted in collaboration whit the French National centre of scientific Research (CNRS), and has lead to the isolation of the Rhizobium bacteria. Rhizobian gum is a branched biopolymer consisting in the repetition of a polysaccharide unit of 3 molecules of glucose, 3 molecules of galactose and 1 molecule of glucuronic acid, whit one pyruvate group an average 1.6 acetyl groups. The fresh effect of Rhizobian gum is a strong sensorial impact that 100 ％ of the consumers are able to perceive, and which is judged very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers are perceived, and which is judge very pleasant by most of them. In addition to this, a large majority of consumers also feel a very pleasant relaxing sensation. Smoothness and softness are also felt by most consumers and qualified positively by most of them. These qualities guarantee a strong impact on today's consumers.