• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.307-312
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• 2014

Fecal coliform bacteria are indicators of fecal contamination and of the potential presence of pathogens associated with animal excreta, wastewater, sludge. This study examined the distribution of fecal coliform in sand of the playground at educational facilities and parks in Seoul. Fecal coliform were detected from 61 (22.1%) places out of 276 playgrounds. Escherichia (E) coli (75.4%) was found most frequently, followed by Cronobacter (Cro) sakazakii (8.7%), Klebsiella (K) pneumoniae (7.2%) and Actinobacter baumannii (4.3%). We also tested the bacteria for their susceptibility to 16 antibiotics using disk diffusion method. All the isolates were highly susceptible to cefepime, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, nalidixic acid and sulfamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, but resistant to apramycin and cephalothin. E. coli and Cro. sakazakii were highly resistant to apramycin (100% and 83.3%), followed by cephalothin (51.9% and 50%) and ampicillin (19.2% and 16.7%). K. pneumoniae was highly resistant to ampicillin and apramycin (100%, respectively) but the remaining antibiotics were susceptible.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

There is a demand for a complex cultural space of play, leisure and education, a kids cafe, which will replace a playground just for kids as awareness for the need of a space where parents can spend leisure time with their own children and can take a rest grows, Thus, this study aims to find features for user satisfying kids cafes by conducting observations of the kids cafes and user survey. This study selected 12 kids cafes, 3 kids cafes per type (play focused, cafe or restaurant focused, education focused, multipurpose focused), in Seoul which were built after 2007 and conducted surveys on space planning and spatial characteristics by users and types and the level of satisfaction. As a result, the play focused kids cafes are used the most and the multipurpose focused kids cafes are used the second most. So the reason for using kids cafes is for the play of children. Also the overall satisfaction level for kid cafes were above the average except for the price. The result of this study showed that there was differences of satisfaction based on the type of user satisfaction, size of children space, finishes, colors, furniture and accessories, sanitary conditions. For the overall satisfaction, users were satisfied with the interior space, however, users were unsatisfied with functional parts, such as toys, foods and educational program. The results of the analysis showed that based on the types of the kids cafes, users' satisfaction rate for space size for the children, finishes, colors, furniture and accessories, sanitary conditions were different and for the functional parts, the satisfaction rate was different in all aspects. Also, in overall, the educational focused type users showed higher satisfaction rate than other users. Finally, the level of satisfaction is different by type of kids cafes and we have to consider the level of satisfaction of the users in order to plan kids cafes which meet the demand of the users.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to configure the spaces and elements of the roof-garden plan that users regard as important, and to investigate their preferred spaces and facilities, ultimately providing basic information for the planning of user-directed roof gardens for local residents. A questionnaire survey was used as the research method, targeting roof-garden users in the L department store of Jeollabuk-do. A total of 225 people responded to the questionnaire, and 223 of them were used for this study. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS ver.18.0, using frequency, percentage, t-test, and one way ANOVA. The respondents preferred rest space the most, followed by the convenient space, landscaping and green space, and play and exercise space. Teenage students preferred the pool and artificial spaces, such as a fountain, and planned convenient spaces and rest spaces, such as a playground. Cafes and restaurants, chairs and tables, and walking trails should be considered for single women in their twenties. Due to the high population of married couples in their thirties, the preference for play facilities and safety facilities was higher than in other groups. The well-educated population in their forties, when viewed from their preference for landscaping and green space, requires the opportunity to rest in nature. The results of this study cannot be generalized since the study was directed at roof-garden users in a department store in Jeollabuk-do. However, it is possible to provide specific information about the user-directed roof-garden plan, since the study was analyzed together with various user variables.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.389-396
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the various perspectives that children can provide by utilizing specific physical spaces for play, and to study how to effectively apply them to surrounding spaces and environments. AHP was used to analyze the preferred elements for effectively designing a play area. The main keywords were derived through case studies of various domestic and foreign play space designs, and each keyword was grouped and a keyword of a higher concept was derived. The results of the comparison of 14 keywords that were finally drawn using AHP for each element were used to derive the priority for the preferred elements. As a result, preference was derived in the order of "Openness", "Safety", and "Diversity" in the morphological properties of the play space, and "Adventure", "Five senses elements", "Visual elements" and "Interactivity" in the content properties of the play space.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2016

Earthworm cast is a harmful factor which reduces the uniformity of management of turfgrass and play quality in golf courses and playground. This research was conducted to carry out the efficacy of some pesticide (bifenthrin GR + clothianidin GR, ethoprophos GR, imidacloprid SC, picoxystrobin WG, thiophanate-methyl WP) and tee tree (Camellia oliefera) extracts against reducing earthworm cast in golf courses. All tested materials were acted reducing earthworm cast, thiophanate-methyl among them showed the highest effect reducing earthworm casts in golf courses. Tea tree extracts was occurred similar efficacy among tested chemical pesticides. However, pellet type byproduct of tea seed extract and liquid formulation of tea tree extract were better than granule formulation of them. Byproduct of tea seed and tea tree extract can be used for alternative biological management material for reducing earthworm cast in heavily casting occurrence area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2011

Yanji city in China is a city most populated with Korean-chinese. This study is to examine architectural planning characteristics for Korean-chinese Elementary schools in Yanji city. Currently, this city includes nine Korean-chinese schools. This research has been processed with regards to three broad aspects. Firstly changing processes of school systems, secondly local distributions and networks of school facilities, and thirdly site plans, floor plans and elevations of school buildings were analyzed and examined for finding their characteristics. For this study, seven Han-chinese Elementary schools were also analyzed. The study result are as following: 1. Korean-chinese schools have followed national education policies and also maintained Korean-chinese native education methods. The schools have undergone merger and separation with Han-chinese Elementary schools. Three Korean-chinese Elementary schools in Japan Colonials, two schools in the period of the Republic of China foundation and its growing, and four schools in 1980s were founded. 2. Yanji city administers the networks of Korean-chinese school districts and Han-chinese districts separately. All school districts apply to lkm standard as attending distance. The networks are adjusted as per population change. 3. The characteristics of buildings' site plans, floor plans and elevations are simple. Layouts of the schools are - type or -type centered playground. Building plans show one side corridor type and 5 stories mostly. Elevations stress central parts. Various forms such as finger types do not appear in mass planning since the school curriculum and extracurricular activities are not seemingly active. Han-chinese Elementary schools have similar conditions.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.226-233
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• 2011

Exactly 25 years after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, 11th of March 2011 the Fukushima nuclear accident occurred in Japan and was ranked at level 7 same to the Chernobyl. A Korean and Japanese joint civil survey was conducted around Fukushima on April 13-17. The radiation survey data clearly shows a large hotspot area between 20 km and 50 km radius north and west direction from the accident reactors, with the highest radiation recorded being 55.64 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air, 99.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air, and 36.16 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in a car, respectively. 3.65 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the air and 6.89 ${\mu}Sv/hr$ in the surface air were detected at the playground of an elementary school in Fukushima City. Spring came with full cherry blossoms in Fukushima, but it was silent spring of radiation contamination. Interviews with Fukushima nuclear refugees reveal serious problems about Japanese nuclear safety systems, such as there was no practical evacuation drill within 1-10 km and no plan at all for 10-30 km areas. Several reforms items for Korean nuclear safety system can be suggested: minimization of accident damage, clear separation of regulatory and safety bureaus with a new and independent administrating agency, community participation and agreement regarding the safety system and levels, which is the major concern of 80% Korean. To tackle threats of nuclear disaster in neighboring nations like China, a new position entitled 'Ambassador for nuclear safety diplomacy' is highly necessary. The nuclear safety of Korea should no longer be the monopoly of those nuclear engineers and limited technocrats criticized as a 'nuclear mafia'.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.13-21
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• 2007

Recently, medical advances have been increasing the size of the aged population. With rapidly developing technology, computers are now essential parts in our daily life, and the number of the aged people using computers is also increasing continuously. But user interfaces and contents for the aged people have not yet been developed actively. In this paper, we present a 3D sensory gate-ball game which can be played by the aged people easily. This study is based on 3D graphics and uses a realistic gate-ball stick and balls as interfaces, so it can improve both physical and metal health of the aged people. Because our game is a sensory game, it is easy to play in house without an outdoor playground. In addition, the game provides many interesting situation so that it can raise the participation and interest of the aged people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2001

The purpose of designing Haebaragi park, legally designated as children park, is to make a place for children including residents performing outdoor recreation, various social interactions, and cultural activities. Design concept for space plan have twofold; the one is a positive and creative playing space and facilities for children, escaped from a monotonous playground, and the other is a cultural and social space for neighboring communities. The site having the area of 1,316.7 square meters, located in Nowon-Dong, Buk-Gu, Daegu metropolitan City, is just like a vest pocket park. The adjacent area had been developed a slum area with mixed ad visually conflicting land use patterns and low income groups. The children and residents living in the area do not have any public space suitable for playing and/or rest. After analyzing such locational characteristic as accessibility, land use of the communities, and potentials for park development, and such design concept as arrangement of facilities, efficient use of site, and functional allocation of park space, We have mad a plan for composition of spaces for various activities, provision of facilities based on estimation of user-demand and activities, and planting. In the design process, we have tried to harmonize functional spaces with facilities, and to organize all the functions as a whole. To improve urbanity and aesthetic shape of park design, we have introduced a central plaza, design of a pave floor, a torrent, large trees for shade, colonnades and so on. From this design project, we can develop the site as a children park for increasing creativities and various playing opportunities, and as a resident space for rest, cultural activities. In the future, it is required that many attempt to design and develop urban small space as a park for children and residents.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.123-135
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• 2006

Most of all, large spatial span structures are the symbol of cities but have to get to supply the purpose of structure simultaneously, therefore their foundations are designed to get rolls of structure support, structure shape maintenance or overturn prevention, buoyancy resistance, etc. Accordingly various type foundations have been introduced, and after anchorage power is introduced for double structures shape maintenance and overturn prevention, change of anchorage power checked in the construction process is reviewed, comparing of playground case. Case1 anchors for the control of horizontal power worked outside hemisphere type roof, Case2 anchors for the overturn prevention of cantilever roof examined in this example. The examination has been executed by the analysis of anchorage power introduction process, related test results and anchorage power monitoring results for 2 examples.