• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.661-677
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to develop the playground environment model for child care center by analyzing user needs of playground environment. To systemize the playground environment design factors and guidelines, we reviewed the previous research, actual measurement and observation were used as the research methodology. And to recognize the needs of users, the survey and picture survey was conducted to the staffs and children. The scope of survey included child care centers in Seoul and Daejeon, ultimately selecting 12 places in Seoul and 13 places in Daejeon. In terms of the survey period, actual measurement was conducted from June of 2006 to February of 2007, survey and picture survey was conducted from August to September of 2006. For analysis, we used SPSS 10.0 to check the frequency and percentage, as well as to perform cluster analysis. The findings of research can be summarized as below: 1. In playground environment, we observed the area of play ground and ground cover, the independence of play area, play equipment, and the composition of play area. The result of observation showed that while playground area varied widely, ground cover, play equipment, and the composition of play area turned out to be identical, regardless of the playground's area. Therefore, in order to classify various playground environments, we categorized them into 5 types, using the number of children and the area of play ground as a category. Type A had large facilities and small playground area. Type B had small sized facilities and large playground area. Type C had medium sized facilities and small playground area. Type D had medium sized facilities but large playground area. Type E had large sized facilities and large playground area. 2. On the other hand, staffs wanted a tunnel, playhouse, comprehensive play equipment, and a maze to be installed as play facilities, and there were requests for adventure play area and carpenter play area. The picture survey to children showed that they wanted equipments that can provide more thrill, adventure and challenge to them than the ones they see now. Therefore, existing child care center play environments must change from the monotonous and identical environments to the ones that can provide diversities, challenges, and adventures. In the contexts of 5 playground types suggested by this research, type B and D, E where the area of playground were larger than the legally required, should include various play areas and install appropriate play equipments and facilities. Type A and C where the area were small, should provide multipurpose play area to attract the various play behaviors of children.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.919-935
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors. The data were collected by field measurement survey, and non-participatory observation from 9 child care centers in Daejeon. The field measurement survey were conducted from June 20 to July 20, 2004, whereas non-participatory behavior observation were conducted from September 2 to October 10, 2004. The major results showed the following. 1) The characteristics of outdoor play environment in child care centers showed that most of them were too small and did not use the adequate surfacing to play various activities. In many cases, outdoor play settings was made of play equipment setting, play props and manipulative settings, and tree/vegetation. 2) Child's play behavior has been focused on functional play activity and construction play activity. 3) The relationship between outdoor play environments and child's play behaviors showed that small outside play environment with monotonous construction and multi-complex play equipments produced functional play behaviors on children. On the other hand, where various play areas were put together, we could observe relatively diverse play behaviors. However, in some cases, despite the small and monotonous play area, diverse play behaviors were observed. These playgrounds at least differed from others in that they provided the place where multi purpose play was possible. This finding shows that multi purpose play areas can be an alternative in small playground environment.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.309-322
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate actual environment and operation of outdoor play at day care centers in Jeju area and differences in recognition of outdoor play among teachers and provide basic data to develop an outdoor play program for infants. For this purpose, data were collected from 207 teachers form about 100 day care centers in Jeju area. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: first, there were statistically significant differences in the actual environment of outdoor play mostly by the types of establishment and national, public, or corporate centers had better environment than private ones did. Second, the majority of day care centers in Jeju area were including and operating outdoor play in a daily schedule. Third, there were no significant differences in recognition of outdoor play among teachers.

• Architectural research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2010

The main objective of this study is to investigate the perception, recognition and response of innovative/ self-initiated play and its correlation to play space and play environment understood by children in their middle childhood years. Play, play theory, and the acceptance of play have an important role in child development. In recent years, play and the importance of innovative/ self-initiated play have been associated with a number of important societal issues. The impact of play and/or lack of play during the developmental stages of childhood directly influence a child's ability to mature and adapt into society. In order to investigate the overall perceptions of play and play space among the average child in their middle childhood, a questionnaire survey was distributed and analyzed using SSPS 15.0. This survey was conducted within the site specific context of South Korea. Interestingly enough, the differences in the responses can be organized into three main categories: age, gender and housing type. In result different directions for further study and research for future play spaces and play environments that support innovated/ self-initiated play have been suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.9
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• pp.79-93
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to develop the creative play environments for children. Physical environment is very important for play of child. Play activities of chad depends on materials and resources of physical environment around housing. To achieve the purpose of the study, following research questions are performed: 1) to investigating the play environments and its maintainence in Daejon 2) examining and analyzing the contents, safety, and functions of the playgrounds selected based on above findings 3) suggesting the creating play environments for child. Eighteen playground were selected and evaluated objectively by trainned personnel; the subjects(55children and 39adults) who used the playgrounds evaluated the playground subjectively. The results were as fellows: 1) Playgrounds selected in this study were conventional playgrounds, in which child can only do simple physical activities. The playground has installed fixed equipment in a row, in an effort to utilize whatever space available. However, such places are neither developmentally or economically sound. 2) The playgrounds evaluated in this study were very poor in matter of content, safety, and functions. The playgrounds lacks play materials, equipment, national features, storage, and do not follow national safety guidelines and standards. 3) The playground should offer much wider variety of natural material- textures including grass, dirt, stone, brick, plastic, metal, bark, leaves, sand, water, and a larger variety of plants, gardens, natural areas, and animals.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 2001

This study investigated children's literate behaviors in a block play area, in a block play area enriched with literacy materials, and in enriched block play with teacher intervention. The subjects were twelve 5-year-old boys who were emergent readers and writers. The results showed that literate behaviors increased in the enriched environment, compared to the non-enriched environment, and literate behaviors increased dramatically after teacher intervention in the enriched environment. The results of this study suggest that teacher intervention in block play enriched with literacy materials contributes to children's development of literacy.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.41-58
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• 2016

This study investigated the relationships between socio-economic status of family, home environment stimulation, children's behavioral problems, and interactive peer play of preschool children. Surveys of 2,150 Korean mothers with their preschool children(Mean age= 51.9 months) from the Panel Study of Korean Children by Korea Institute of Child Care and Education were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Each variable's confirmatory factor analysis showed the correlation coefficient below .85, which made a satisfactory level of discriminant validity. The model fit to the data well, with an agreeable level of index. The major findings were as follows. First, SES did not significantly affected children's interactive peer play. Second, SES significantly affected home environment stimulation and children's behavioral problems. And the relationship between SES and children's behavioral problems are significantly mediated by home environment stimulation. Third, the relationship between SES and children's interactive peer play are significantly mediated by home environment stimulation and children's behavioral problems. These results help better understand the paths among the home characteristics and children's behavioral problems on children's social development. Interpretation and implication of the results have been discussed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.214-223
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• 2010

As the population of preschooler increases with the increment of employed women today, the physical environment of day-care center is becoming an important factor for the preschooler as well as home environment. In order to create a suitable and desirable day-care environment for preschoolers, the using behavior of the preschoolers, who are the main users, needs to be applied to the spacial design. In this research, play preference area of Korea and United States which have different physical environments are analyzed. Child behavior observation analysis technique, interview with the teacher in charge, floor plan and furniture arrangement plan of the day-care centers and photography were performed for this research. The subjects were 63 preschoolers of 50 months old who are using Korean and American day-care centers and play of five minutes per preschooler was filmed for 3 days. Total 01 189 motion pictures were analyzed for this research. As a result, the physical environment, programs, preference area and finally the similarity and difference according to the gender were clarified for each countries' day-care center. The Korean preschoolers preferred the block area most, the second most favorite area being art for the younger class and language for older class. According to the gender, girls preferred language area while boys chose block area. On the other hand in American preschoolers' case, due to the large variety of play area, the play preference was distributed among various area except several high preference area. Based on this research, when designing indoor play area of day care centers, the area of block, language, and art which are popular play preferences should be considered firsthand, and gender preference is also needed to be thought of. These results may be used as an important data for planning the day care center play area in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.109-117
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest a basic data of playground design that can arouse various curiosities and interests of children. The 13play areas 'A' kindergartem's playground that parent, music, play equipment, soccer field, water, sand, tunnel, maze, animal, plant, ground hill, bike road, and inner court were evaluated by 16 teachers and 165 children between the age of 4 and 5. POE data of teachers were collected by questionnaire. And children chose and rated very fun and interesting 5 play areas of 13 ones based on the photos. The results were as following. 1) 13 play areas were generally used evenly with diverse purpose. 2) the environment of the play areas was deemed very appropriate. 3) maze area and play equipment area were recognized as the most favored play areas by children. 4) teachers recommended soccer field, plants, maze, tunnel, music area as the most favorable play areas.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.5-19
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify therapeutic play need and the degree of the nurses's therapeutic play performances perceived by hospitalized children's mothers, and then to compare the difference between the degree of the need and perceived performances. The subjects of this study consist of 121 hospitalized children's mothers. A questionaire for this study was 29 item likert type 4 point scale developed on the basis of literature review, hospitalized children's mother interview and researcher's clinical experiences. Data was analyzed by Paired t-test, t-test, ANOVA & Duncan's comparison. Results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The degree of the therapeutic play need was measured to be high (3.20). The degree of perceived therapeutic play need by five components were followed as : physiologic suffering relief & enhancing play (3.39), growth & development facilitating play (3.26), instructional play (3.24), emotional well-being promoting play (3.18) and providing play tool & environment(2.97). 2.The degree of the nurse's therapeutic play performances perceived by mothers was measured to be low (1.60). The degree of perceived performances of the therapeutic play by the five components were followed as : physiologic suffering relief & enhancing play (1.87), instructional play (1.74), emotional well-being promoting play (1.64), providing play tool & environment (1.44) and growth&development facilitating play (1.42). 3. The difference between the degree of the therapeutic play need and nurese's perfor- mances perceived by hospitalized children's mothers were significant statistically (t= 38.54, p=.0001). Also, five components of therapeutic play were significant statistically (p=.0001). Therapeutic play has unique benefits among health care intervention for children. These findings will help in building of the theoretical framework of therapeutic play and enhancing the quality of nursing care for hospitalized children. Therapeutic play program for hospitalized children according to child growth & development and physiologic status are recommended to be developed.