• Title/Summary/Keyword: Platelet-activating factor

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Activation of Platelet Rich Plasma by Soluble Canine Small Intestinal Submucosa Gel and Bovine Thrombin (개 소장점막하 겔과 소 트롬빈을 이용한 혈소판풍부혈장의 활성화 연구)

  • Lee, A-Jin;Lee, Changsun;Kim, Hyun;Chung, Dai-Jung;Do, Sun Hee;Kim, Hwi-Yool
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.170-174
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    • 2014
  • This study evaluated the efficacy of soluble canine small intestinal submucosa gel in comparison to bovine thrombin in activating rabbit platelet rich plasma (PRP) by detecting growth factors. PRP from rabbits was activated by using soluble canine SIS gel, bovine thrombin, or both. The surface morphology of each group of samples was examined by scanning electron microscopy. The release of transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$ from each set of samples was measured over 7 days using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The PRP-canine SIS gel group exhibited the highest total amount of released TGF-${\beta}1$. However, there were no significant differences between any groups. The use of soluble type of canine SIS gel could be an effective alternative to bovine thrombin.

Effect of Geijibokryunghwan and each constituent herb on inhibition of platelet aggregation (계지복령환(桂枝茯笭丸) 및 그 구성약물(構成藥物)의 혈소판응집억제(血小板凝集抑制)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Kim, Jong-Goo;Park, Sun-Dong;Park, Won-Hwan
    • The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.115-129
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    • 2000
  • The cause that the increase of animality fat intakes, under exercise, fatness, adding the stress, advanced age etc., the occurrence rate of the circulation system disease has been increased. And the thrombosis importantly came to the front as the risk factor of these circulation system's disease. Nowadays, the ischemic disease has especially discussed, for example the angina or myocardial infarction, originated in thrombosis that came from the platelet aggregation. In the western medicine, as the cure and prevention, using the aspirin or ticlopidine for platelet aggregation suppressant. But in the , the curing method must be used properly according to the pectoralgia or heartache's kind, state, grade. The platelet do not attache to the normal hemangioendothelial cell. But when it stimulated by endothelium peronia and so on, it attache to the injury endothelium or rise aggregation between the platelet. On this time, it secrete the platelet aggregation inducer as like ADP, thromboxane A2 from the inside of platelet. So it has first defensive function through the aggregation augment that prevent the celerity consumption of blood. But the activation of abnormal platelet occur the platelet grume and thrombogenesis. So it bring up the occlusive angiosis, so to speak, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial sclerosis. In oriental medicine, the thrombosis in the category of blood stasis and this blood stasis present the generalise or local blood circulation disturbance that generated by all kinds of pathological fact or blood stream retention accompanying with a series of syndrome. As the syndrome, stabbing pain fixed at certain region, squamous and dry skin, fullness and pain of the chest and hypochondrium, firmness and fullness of the lower abdomen, black stool, dark purple tongue or with ecchymoses and petechiae etc.. has been created. And it becomes the pathopoiesis cause that the convulsion and palpitation, severe palpitatiion, tympanites, the symtom complex with a mass or swelling in the abdomen, insanity, stricken by wind etc.. Moreover, it used the drugs for invigorating blood circulation and eliminating blood stasis or drugs for removing blood stasis for all kinds of syndrome through the blood stasis. And the drugs for activating the blood circulation, such as Salviae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Persicae Semen, Achyranthis Radix, Cnidii Rhizoma, Carthami Flos are used for that. And it is used to the herbs of insects that has strong effect about the disintergrating blood stasis such as Hirudo, Scolopendrae Corpus, Buthus, Lumbricus etc.. On this study, It used Geijibokryunghwan(GBH) and the consisting herbs to investigate the influence of platelet aggregation about drugs that used to improvement various symptoms created by the thrombosis in oriental medicine. GBH formula has as formula recorded in the , action of 'eleminating the evil and not impairment of healthy energy' and 'promoting the flow of QI and cold and heat, so used for the expel blood stasis herbs from the ancient. Therefore we investigated the restraint effect of GBH and the consisting herbs about the platelet agregation induced to the ADP, AA or collagen. The conclusion is following. 1. When it added the aggregation inducer after that it added GBH and individual consisting herbs in the PRP, GBH showed the (+) inhibition effect on the platelet aggregation and it showed the (+) inhibition effect in the individual consisting herbs as like Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis. 2. It showed the (+), (+,++) inhibition effect on the platelet aggregation in Paeoniae Radix Hoelen, Paeoniae Radix Moutan Cortex Radicis, Hoelen Moutan Cortex Radicis etc. 3. In the aggregation inhibition activating on the difference of density, GBH showed strong inhibition effect to the aggregation state induced to collagen, and it showed the inhibition effect in the individual consisting herbs as like Paeoniae Radix and Moutan Cortex Radicis about the aggregation induced by the collagen. 4. It showed the strong inhibition effect about the aggregation induced by the collagen in Paeoniae Radix Hoelen, Paeoniae Radix Moutan Cortex Radicis, Hoelen Moutan Cortex Radicis etc Like this, as confirm GBH and the individual consisting herb's inhibition effect of platelet aggregation, We considerated that GBH and the individual consisting herbs have practical applicational value of clinical trial in the thrombosis caused by platelet aggregation.

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Screening of PAF Antagonists from Medicinal Plants (수종의 생약으로부터 혈소판활성화인자 (PAF) 길항제 검색)

  • 손건호;김소희;정근영;장현욱
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1994.04a
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    • pp.249-249
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    • 1994
  • PAF (Platelet-activating factor: 혈소판 활성화인자)는 1972년 Benveniste등에 의해 토끼의 호중구 배양 상청액중에서 발견되어 1979년 그 구조가 1-alkyl-2-acethyl-sn glycero-3-phosphocholine의 구조를 갖는 에테르형 인 지질임이 밝혀졌다. 그후 혈소판 이외 과립구, 단구나 macrophage, 혈관내피세포등 조직의 염증담당세포가 다양한 자극에 응하여 PAF를 생성됨이 보고되었다. PAF가 나타내는 대표적 활성으로는 혈소판, 호중구, 단구들의 활성화, 호중구의 유주 활성, 혈관투과성 항진, 혈압강하작용. 기관지 수축 등이 알려졌으며. 또한 염증, 알러지, 천식 endotoxin shock 등 여러질병에 직·간접적으로 관여함이 알려졌다. 이와같은 여러 생리 현상은 PAF의 특이적수용체를 개재하여 일어난다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 PAF의 다양한 질병의 관여가 밝혀짐으로서, PAF길항제의 개발이 활발히 진행되어왔다. 지금까지 PAF길항제의 개발은 PAF 구조 유사체. benzodiazepam유도체, thiazole유도체 등과 같은 합성품과 ginkolide, kadsurenone과 같은 천연물 유리의 것이 알려져 in vivo model에서도 그 효능이 확인되었다. 본 연구는 이와 같은 배경에서 20여 종의 생약에서 PAF 길항제를 검색하던 중 5종류의 생약에서 PAF 길항작용을 갖는 분획을 찾았기에 이에 보고한다.

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Inhibition by Pinusolide of Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF-acether)-Induced Hypotension and Bronchoconstriction.

  • Kim, Kyung-A;Kim, Yeon-Su;Lee, Moo-Tak;Lee, Shin-Woong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1996.04a
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    • pp.203-203
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    • 1996
  • It has been known that pinusolide isolated from Biota orientalis inhibits specifically [$^3$H] PAF binding to and PAF-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets in vitro. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of pinusolide on hypotension and bronchoconstriction due to PAF. PAF(i.v.) in doses of 0.01 to 0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg induced a dose-dependent hypotension without tachyphylaxis in rat. Pinusolide(5~20 mg/kg, i.v.) inhibited PAF(0.03 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i.v.)-induced hypotension dose-dependently, while it failed to block the hypotensive action of histamine, serotonin and acetylcholine. It inhibited bronchoconstriction and cutaneous vascular permeability induced by PAF in anesthetized guinea-pigs and rats, respectively, but it showed no inhibitory effect on the increase in bronchial resistance by histamine and acetylcholine. These results strongly suggest that in vivo pinusolide acts as a selective antagonist of PAF.

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PAF Regulate Blastocyst Development to Hatching Stage through PKC Activity in the Mouse

  • Cheon Yong-Pil
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • v.30 no.2
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    • pp.75-79
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    • 2006
  • The developmental regulation of the preimplantation mammalian embryos is a fundamental step for preparing the implantation and it may be regulated by several autocrine and paracrine factors including platelet-activating factor. PAF improved the embryonic survival and implantation but its role during blastocyst development is still largely unknown. In this study, the effects and the possible pathway of PAF on developmental regulation of blastocyst to hatching stage were investigated. Developmental pattern in hatching embryo was a concentration-response curve showing maximal activity at 1 nM PAF, with decreasing activity at higher concentrations. $50{\mu}M$ 1-(5-isoquinolimnesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazinme dihydrochloride (H-7), a PKC inhibitor, inhibited the progression of blastocyst to hatching embryo. In addition H-7 blocked the PAF effects on the blastocyst development. Besides tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA), a PKC activator stimulated development of blastocyst to the hatching stage. These finding revealed that PAF support the blastocyst development to the hatching embryo. Also it is suggested that PAF action pathways in hatching supporting include the PKC signaling pathway.

Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Flavonoid Components of Lonicera japonica (금은화 플라보노이드성분의 항염증작용)

  • 문태철;박정옥;정광원;손건호;김현표;강삼식;장현욱;정규찬
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.117-123
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    • 1999
  • Because of the potent effects of lipid mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs), leukotriens (LTs) and platelet activating factor (PAF) on a variety of cells and tissues, they are considered as major contributors to the process leading to inflammation and allergy. To pursue the mechanism of anti-inflammatory activity of Lonicera japonica, we tested inhibitory effects of 7 flavonoids from Lonicera japonica on arachidonic acid cascade related enzymes, such as inflammatory phospholipase $A_2$, cyclooxygenase-1 and 2, 5-lipoxygenase, in bone marrow derived mast cell (BMMC), and lyso PAF-acetyltransferase in rat spleen microsomes. Anti-inflammatory activities of lonicera japonica are thought to be attributed at least in part to the inhibition of arachidonic acid cascade releated enzymes by flavonoids such as apigenin, luteolin quercetin.

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Partial Purification and Characterization of PAF Acetylhydrolase in Human Amniotic Fluid

  • Son, So-Young;Kim, So-Hee;Baek, Suk-Hwan;Chang, Hyeun-Wook
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.218-224
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    • 1997
  • Platelet-activating factor (PAF) acetylhydrolase, which removes the acetyl moiety at the sn-2 position, has been found in human amniotic fluid. We purified this enzyme by ammonium sulfate precipitation, and sequential use of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, hydroxyapatite, chelating-Sepharose, and Mono Q column chromatographies. This enzyme exhibited broad pH optima and was unaffected by EDTA. Partially purified enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 34 kDa on SDS-PAGE. In addition, the enzyme activity was inhibited by either diisopropylfluorophosphate(DFP) or p-bromophenacylbromide (p-BPB), suggesting that this enzyme possesses active serine and histidine residues. The enzyme showed similar activity towards PAF and oxidatively modified phosphatidylcholine, but didn't hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine with a long chain fatty acyl group at sn-2 position.

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Immunoregulative Action of Bangpoongtongsungsan (방풍통성산(方風通聖散) 전탕액(煎湯液)의 면역(免疫) 조절작용(調節作用))

  • Lee, Chang-kyu;Song, Jeong-mo
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.589-613
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of Bangpoongtongsungsan water extract(BTSE) on the immune reaction, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action in BALB/c mice. The administration of BTSE (500mg/kg) enhanced the cell viability of thymocytes and the population of helper T cells in splenic T-lymphocytes. BTSE suppressed the production of nitric oxide, but enhanced the phagocytic activity in peritoneal macrophages. BTSE enhanced hemagglutination titer in mice. BTSE inhibited passive cutaneous anaphylaxis induced by egg albumin in rat, the lethal anaphylaxis induced by platelet activating factor and compound 48/80 in mice, and then inhibited the degranulation of peritoneal mast cells induced by compound 48/80. BTSE did not inhibit Arthus reaction, but inhibited the delayed type hypersensitivity induced by SRBC and contact dermatitis induced by DNFB. BTSE inhibited the acute hind paw edema induced by histamine after 30 minutes, the permeability of evans blue into peritoneal cavity induced by acetic acid and the writhing syndrome induced by acetic acid. These results suggest that BTSE has an immunopotentiative action, anti-allergy action and anti-inflammatory action via the inhibition of histamine release.

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Effect of PAF Antagonists on the Alterations in Cerebral Hemodynamics in Transient Cerebral Ischemia (PAF 길항제가 일과성 뇌허혈에 의한 뇌혈류역학 변동에 미치는 효과)

  • 이원석;고수연
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.7 no.3
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    • pp.234-241
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    • 1999
  • The present study assessed the cerebroprotective effect of platelet-activating factor(PAF) antagonists in transient cerebral ischemia of rats. Right middle cerebral artery (MCA) of Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 2 hours using an intraluminal filament technique, and was reperfused for 6 hours following cerebral ischemia. The infarct area of seven coronal brain slices was measured morphometrically following stain ing in the 2% 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution. The changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arteriolar diameter were measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry and by a videomicroscopy, respectively. The infarct size was significantly reduced by PAF antagonists, BN 52021 and CV-6209, which were administered i.p. 10 min before MCA occlusion. Pretreatment with PAF antagonists significantly restored the changes in pial arterial diameter as well as those in rCBF during the period of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion. PAF antagonists significantly inhibited the inducible nitric oxide synthase activity in the pial arteries ipsilateral to ischemia. These results suggest that PAF antagonists exert a cerebroprotective effect against ischemic brain damage through an improvement of postocclusive cerebral blood flow.

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Detection and Characterization of Two Novel Forms of A Cytosolic Phospholipase $A_2$-Activating Factor in Bovine Brain

  • Park, Jae-Sin;Jung, Kwang-Mook;Jung, Sung-Yun;Na, Doe-Sun;Kim, Dae-Kyong
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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    • 1996.04a
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    • pp.187-187
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    • 1996
  • 세포질에 존재하는 100 kDa Phospholipase $A_2$(cPLA$_2$)는 인지질의 sn-2 위치의 에스테르결합을 가수분해함으로서 Prostaglandin과 Leukotriene등 Eicosanoids 생합성의 전구체인 아라키돈산과 Platelet activating factor(PAF)를 생합성하는 전구체를 동시에 생성시키는 효소로 염증과 세포손상등에 중요한 역할이 기대된다. 본 효소의 활성화 기전을 규명하고자 하는 최근의 활발한 연구에도 불구하고 불명확한 점이 많은 것이 현실이다. 특히 세포를 자극하였을 때 유리되는 아라키돈산의 증가율과 세포를 파괴한 후 조제한 가용성분획에서 측정한 활성의 증가율과는 많은 차이를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과부터 cPLA$_2$ 효소 자체를 활성화시키는 어떤 인자를 가정하였다. 최근, PLA$_2$의 또다른 형태인 14 kDa의 분비성 PLA$_2$의 in vitro 활성을 증가시키는 인자가 동정되어 그 생화학적 특성이 규명되고 있으나 이 인자는 cPLA$_2$의 활성에는 아무런 증가효과를 나타내지 않았다. 본 연구자들은 소의 뇌조직에서 cPLA$_2$의 활성을 증가시키는 인자를 발견하고 그의 생화학적인 특성을 규명하였다. 돼지 비장에서 정제한 cPLA$_2$를 사용하였으며 소의 뇌 조직의 가용성 분획으로부터 본 활성화 인자를 동정하였으며 그 활성분획을 양이온 크로마토그라피로서 Mono S EPLC와 Superose 12 Sepharose gel filtration 크로마토그라피를 이용하여 더욱 분리한 결과 약 70 kDa과 25 kDa에서 각각 용출되었다. 이렇게 부분정제한 활성은 췌장에서 분리한 group I과 흰주의 group I과 흰주의 혈소판에서 분리한 group II PLA$_2$에 대해서는 아무런 증가효과를 나타내지 않는 반면, cPLA$_2$의 활성만을 약 5배 증가시켰다. 본 활성은 cPLA$_2$ 효소량의 증가에 따라 활성의 증가효과가 정차 감소하므로 화학량적인 반응(Stoichiometric reaction)일 것으로 예상되었다.

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