• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.85-94
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to observe the degree of mask contamination in dental hygienist for general and oral bacteria and to identify areas of mask contamination after treatment. Methods: Masks were collected with every fifty dental hygienists who currently working in the department of preventive dentistry, prosthodontics, and orthodontics in Busan. The mask bacteria were collected in specific upper and side parts of the mask. Hand germs were collected using sterile cotton swabs, and then placed in a sterile conical tube. These were transferred to the laboratory. Hand germs and mask bacteria were incubated with nutrient broth (NB) and brain heart infusion broth (BHI) for 24 hrs and each cultured with NB and BHI plate at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS Window 20. Results: The number of bacteria was observed in the order of the department of preventive dentistry ($10.1{\times}10^5CFU/ml$), prosthodontics ($14.7{\times}10^5CFU/ml$), and orthodontics ($23.3{\times}10^5CFU/ml$) in the hand. In general bacteria, the difference of contamination was seen by the parts of the mask, but there was no significant difference. However, the oral bacteria were observed highly contaminated upper part of the mask in preventive dentistry. The mask contamination according to the medical departments was observed. Especially, the contamination of mask in preventive dentistry was significantly higher than other departments in oral bacteria. Conclusion: This study suggested that correct mask replacement and recognition of contamination areas can contribute to the prevention of infectious disease. and it would be necessary to increase hand hygiene performance to prevent cross-infection with masks. Also, this study may give an idea for making guidelines for mask management and supporting to establish clear criteria for the education program of personal protective equipment.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.877-884
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• 2023

In this study, when another vehicle is parked in a designated space where a personal vehicle can park and a defined personal use time, an ultrasonic object recognition sensor is used to determine vehicle entry, and a camera sensor recognizes a license plate. If the vehicle is not recognized by the individual vehicle owner, the "private parking lot operation block" of the application server receives the individual phone number based on the National Police Agency's Vehicle Number Information Inquiry Open API. Afterwards, when parking is processed, the non-right holder receives the approval of the parking right holder, parks for the recognized time, and deposits the parking fee into the public account of the city hall. Through this study, it was possible to find an operation processing method that can most effectively manage parking in the city center in a private parking space recognized by the city hall.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.80-85
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• 2015

In this paper, we present, an indstrial RFID layered microstrip patch antenna is designed using an inset feed method in order to improve recognition rates in a long distance as tags are attached to metal object by improving a problem of feeding power in fabricating metal tags and reducing effects of metallic object. The inset feed shows a distinctive characteristic that has no separation between emitters and feed lines differing from a structure with the conventional inductive coupling feed. This structure makes possible to produce a type that presents a low antenna height and enables impedance coupling for tag chips. Although it shows a difficulty in the impedance coupling due to increases in the parasite capacitance between a ground plane and an emitter in an antenna according to decreases in the height of a tag antenna, it may become a merit in designing the tag antenna because the antenna impedance can be determined as an inductive manner if a shorted structure is used for feeding power. Therefore, in this paper the microstrip patch antenna is designed as a modified type and applies the inset feed in order to reduce effects of metallic objects where the antenna is be attached. Also, the antenna uses a multi-layer structure that includes a metal plate between radiator and ground instead of using a single layer.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.849-859
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• 2016

Edible insects have gained recognition worldwide as complementary protein sources. Recently, four edible insects were newly allowed to be used as food materials in Korea: the mealworm (Tenebrio molitor), the cricket (Velarifictorus asperses), the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva (Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis), and the rhinoceros beetle larva (Allomyrina dichotoma). In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stabilities of these four edible insects during cold storage. The insects were sacrificed by blanching for 3 minutes in boiling water. The blanched insects were then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ in an incubator for 42 days. The color values, titratable acidity, peroxide values, acid values, TBARS, contents of VBN, and total plate counts of the insects were measured at days 0, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, respectively. Blanching decreases oxidative stresses during storage. At day 0, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva showed the highest values for acid value, TBARS, VBN, and microbial counts. Most of the oxidative indicators were significantly changed at day 14 in all four insects, possibly related with the growth on all microbial plates. Based on microbial safety and the oxidative stabilities of lipids and proteins, optimal storage conditions for the cricket, the white-spotted flower chaffer beetle larva, and the rhinoceros beetle larva were 10~14 days at $4^{\circ}C$. Likewise, the mealworm showed rapid oxidation after day 14, but poor qualities were not observed until day 28.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the microbial contamination levels in the processing company of Nuroong-ji. Microbial contamination levels were examined for sanitary indication bacteria such as aerobic plate count, coliforms and fungi, and pathogenic bacteria such as Escherchia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. Contamination levels were detected differently according to handling materials and purposing work-space. The equipments and raw materials were not seriously contaminated but there were necessary to attend the cross-contamination. A high contamination level was detected at the process where the interference of the employees was relatively higher than the other process. Standardization of the roasting process (l20~$170^{\circ}C$, about 10 min) could be necessary to control the microbial organism effectively on Nuroong-ji manufacturing process. At small/medium size foodstuff manufacturers, it is the most important to improve the recognition level of individual hygiene but also expand a hygiene facility.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 2012

Purpose: An individual surgical stent fabricated from computed tomography (CT) data, called a CT-guided stent, would be useful for accurate installation of implants. The purpose of the present study was to introduce a newly developed CT-guided stent with a simple design and evaluate the accuracy of the stent placement. Materials and Methods: A resin template was fabricated from a hog mandible and a specially designed plastic plate, with 4 metal balls inserted in it for radiographic recognition, was attached to the occlusal surface of the template. With the surgical stent applied, CT images were taken, and virtual implants were placed using software. The spatial positions of the virtually positioned implants were acquired and implant guiding holes were drilled into the surgical stent using a specially designed 5-axis drilling machine. The surgical stent was placed on the mandible and CT images were taken again. The discrepancy between the central axis of the drilled holes on the second CT images and the virtually installed implants on the first CT images was evaluated. Results: The deviation of the entry point and angulation of the central axis in the reference plane were $0.47{\pm}0.27$ mm, $0.57{\pm}0.23$ mm, and $0.64{\pm}0.16^{\circ}$, $0.57{\pm}0.15^{\circ}$, respectively. However, for the two different angulations in each group, the $20^{\circ}$ angulation showed a greater error in the deviation of the entry point than did the $10^{\circ}$ angulation. Conclusion: The CT-guided template proposed in this study was highly accurate. It could replace existing implant guide systems to reduce costs and effort.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.133-142
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• 2021

With the recent advancements of deep learning, companies such as smart home, healthcare, and intelligent transportation systems are utilizing its functionality to provide high-quality services for vehicle detection, emergency situation detection, and controlling energy consumption. To provide reliable services in such sensitive systems, deep learning models are required to have high accuracy. In order to develop a deep learning model for analyzing previously mentioned services, developers should utilize the state of the art deep learning models that have already been verified for higher accuracy. The developers can verify the accuracy of the referenced model by validating the model on the dataset. For this validation, the developer needs structural information to document and apply deep learning models, including metadata such as learning dataset, network architecture, and development environments. In this paper, we propose a description language that represents the network architecture of the deep learning model along with its metadata that are necessary to develop a deep learning model. Through the proposed description language, developers can easily verify the accuracy of the referenced deep learning model. Our experiments demonstrate the application scenario of a deep learning description document that focuses on the license plate recognition for the detection of illegally parked vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.225-227
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• 2022

Now In Seoul, about 75,000 CCTVs are installed in 25 district offices. Each ward office in Seoul has built a control center for CCTV control and is building information such as people, vehicle types, license plate recognition and color classification into big data through 24-hour artificial intelligence intelligent image analysis. Seoul Metropolitan Government has signed MOUs with the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, the National Police Agency, the Fire Service, the Ministry of Justice, and the military base to enable rapid response to emergency/emergency situations. In other words, we are building a smart city that is safe and can prevent disasters by providing CCTV images of each ward office. In this paper, the CCTV image is designed to extract the characteristics of the vehicle and personnel when an incident occurs through artificial intelligence, and based on this, predict the escape route and enable continuous tracking. It is designed so that the AI automatically selects and displays the CCTV image of the route. It is designed to expand the smart city integration platform by providing image information and extracted information to the adjacent ward office when the escape route of a person or vehicle related to an incident is expected to an area other than the relevant jurisdiction. This paper will contribute as basic data to the development of smart city integrated platform research.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.1155-1162
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• 2002

Food waste in school foodservices is an important factor in managing expense or evaluating the acceptance of served meals and a serious environmental hazard factor in all countries. In this study, the perception and attitude towards food waste reduction and the recognition of environmental pollution of students from elementary school foodservices in Busan, Korea were investigated. The questionnaire was responded by 519 students (boy: 255, girl: 264) in the third and sixth grades. School lunch programs were proved to contribute to the improvement of students' food intake habits. The perception and attitude towards food waste reduction of the third grade students (3.61/3.73) were significantly higher than those of the sixth grade students (3.46/3.59) (P<0.01). Food waste education made a significant impact on the perception and attitude on food waste (p<0.01). When dislike food was supplied the students having the higher perception and attitude towards food waste reduction ate it more than those having the lower perception and attitude. The major reason for plate waste was shown to be influenced by the taste and amount of foods supplied in school lunch programs. Most of students recognized that food waste pollution (4.22) was one of the severest problems among the environmental pollutions, followed by air (4.13), tap water (4.09) soil (3.78), noise (3.55) pollution. The students separated the garbage in the house (72.6%) better than in school and the outside (55.2%). The perception of food waste was positively correlated with the attitude toward reduction of food waste and the recognition of environmental pollution (p<0.01). The attitude toward reduction of food waste was also positively correlated with meal quantity taken (p<0.01).

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.67-87
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• 2006

This study is to recognize a problem in the practice of performance assessment in elementary school, and to find out some suggestive points for improvement of teaching·learning method in elementary mathematics through assessment by reducing time restriction according to assessment through the practice of self-assessment, peer-assessment and observation, and then by reflecting the results of assessment on teaching learning plan. For that, the questions of study set up are as follows ; 1. How should self-assessment and peer-assessment be applied to in elementary mathematics assessment? 2. How should the time for 'let's play an interesting game' be managed for assessment of elementary mathematics? 3. How should the results of assessment be reflected on the Process of teaching and learning of mathematics? To solve these problems, a researcher of this thesis performed self-assessment, peer-assessment on 40 students of second grade under her charge as a class teacher, and applied observation in the time management process for 'let's play an interesting game' for a semester. self-assessment was made by mathematics journal, self-assessment chart, peer-assessment was by the analysis of conversation record among students in the situations of assessment, and observation was by observation of activity when playing with the results data of play analyzed. the concrete methods of application as follows ; First, mathematics journal was applied $1{\sim}2$ times by each unit with reconstruction into the level of second grade on the basis of the preceding-study models. Second, peer-assessment was applied to the unit-assessment time and the play-activities time by the method of recording·analyzing the contents of conversation among students in the process of assessment. Third, mathematical attitude & dispositions of students making use of the self- assessment table were examined referring to the teaching learning plan. Fourth, the time management for 'let's play an interesting game' was made through the prior recognition of play method and the joyful play-activities by use of the play-plate. Assessment depended on analysis of play-activities results of students making use of an observation form. Fifth, the results of self-assessment, peer-assessment, and observation were analyzed, and then they were made use of as self-observation data, of teacher her/his self, or teaching·learning improvement data. Students' self-assessment datum (mathematics diary, self-assessment sheets, conversation contents in the process of assessment) and observation materials (check lists, Play-activity result materials, conversation contents in the process of play) obtained in the process of application was analyzed as follows ; 1. From the practice of self-assessment in form of mathematics journal, I could obtain not only datum showing how much students was understanding the learning aims by unit time and to any degree they reached but also information about their response to learning datum and favorable type of learning. 2. Assessment by self-assessment chart was useful in planning the mathematics teaching learning process because it helps ascertain mathematical attitude & dispositions of students. 3. Through the application of peer-assessment, students had the opportunity of communicating with other students looking back on his/her explaining process, and teachers could obtain basic materials for assessment of students. 4, In case of time management for 'let's play an interesting game', there was natural extension of play made through time-security by prior looking into the method of play-activity, and then, for a remained time, by making children play a new game. 5, I could easily record the activities of students by use of the observation. form, and make use of it as basic data for descriptive assessment. 6, Each kinds of data obtained from the results of assessment was helpful for securing self-observation materials in the process of teaching learning and for their betterment in mathematics subject. However, because they were in the second grade of elementary school and there was an individual difference, some students could not make use of mathematics diary or self-assessment form properly. In case of these students, assessment data would be obtained through interview or observation. And for effective operation of play, its purpose & method and matters that demand special attention when play-acting should be clearly guided. Also, when applying an effective play in addition to play activities in textbook, to lessons, interesting mathematics lessons could be guided.