• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제40권
• /
• pp.3.1-3.8
• /
• 2018

Background: In this research article, we evaluate the use of sub-periosteal tunneling (tunnel technique) combined with alloplastic in situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP, a compound of β-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite) bone graft for lateral augmentation of a deficient alveolar ridge. Methods: A total of 9 patients with deficient mandibular alveolar ridges were included in the present pilot study. Ten lateral ridge augmentation were carried out using the sub-periosteal tunneling technique, including a bilateral procedure in one patient. The increase in ridge width was assessed using CBCT evaluation of the ridge preoperatively and at 4 months postoperatively. Histological assessment of the quality of bone formation was also carried out with bone cores obtained at the implant placement re-entry in one patient. Results: The mean bucco-lingual ridge width increased in average from 4.17 ± 0.99 mm to 8.56 ± 1.93 mm after lateral bone augmentation with easy-graft CRYSTAL using the tunneling technique. The gain in ridge width was statistically highly significant (p = 0.0019). Histomorphometric assessment of two bone cores obtained at the time of implant placement from one patient revealed 27.6% new bone and an overall mineralized fraction of 72.3% in the grafted area 4 months after the bone grafting was carried out. Conclusions: Within the limits of this pilot study, it can be concluded that sub-periosteal tunneling technique using in situ hardening biphasic calcium phosphate is a valuable option for lateral ridge augmentation to allow implant placement in deficient alveolar ridges. Further prospective randomized clinical trials will be necessary to assess its performance in comparison to conventional ridge augmentation procedures.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.105-110
• /
• 2008

증류-추출의 조합에 의해 접촉분해경유(LCO)로부터 회수한 dimethylnaphthalene (DMN) 이성체 농축액을 원료로 사용하여 결정화조작을 행해 2,6-DMN의 정제를 검토했다. 2,6-DMN의 정제에 적합한 용매의 선정을 위해 13종의 용매(acetone, cyclohexanone, ethanol, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl ether, methanol, n-hexane, n-heptane, pyridine, THF, toluene, methanol과 acetone의 혼합용매)를 사용하여 결정화조작을 행한 결과, 60 vol% methanol과 40 vol% acetone의 혼합용매(M/A = 1.5)가 2,6-DMN의 순도 및 수율의 측면에서 우수한 정제성능을 보였다. 결정화 온도의 상승 및 용매(M/A = 1.5)/원료(농축액)의 체적비의 증가는 2,6-DMN의 순도를 향상시켰으나, 역으로 수율의 저하를 초래시켰다. DMN 이성체 농축액을 원료(10.43 wt% 2,6-DMN)로 사용한 결정화를 통해 회수한 결정(76 wt% 2,6-DMN)을 원료로 사용하여 재차 결정화조작을 행한 결과, 40%의 수율로 99.7 wt% 2,6-DMN의 결정을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.527-533
• /
• 1999

치아용 대체재료로 사용되고 있는 세 가지의 세라믹스, 장석질 자기, 운모를 함유한 유리-세라믹 및 유리침윤 알루미나에 대한 접촉피로을 실제 치아의 접촉상황과 유사한 구형입자를 이용한 헤르지안 압입시험법으로 물에서 수행하였으며, 각 재료에서의 접촉손상이 강도에 미치는 영향을 고찰하였다. 초기의 손상형태는 각 재료가 갖는 미세구조에 의존하여 나타났으며, 장석질 자기는 취성거동을 나타내는 cone 형태의 균열이, 운모를 함유한 유리-세라믹은 준-소성 변형 거동을 나타내는 변형이, 그리고 유리침윤 알루미나는 두 재료의 중간거동을 나타내었다. 그러나 반복하중의 수(n=1~n=$10^6$)가 증가됨에 따라 모든 재료에서 급격한 강도저하를 나타내었으며, 파괴는 접촉피로에 의해 형성된 손상에서 일어났다. 일정하중(200N, 500N 및 1000N)에서 반복하중의 수가 증가됨에 따라 두 번의 강도저하가 일어났으며, 첫 번째의 강도저하는 cone 형태의 균열이 주 요인으로 작용되었으며, 두 번째 강도저하는 반복하중에 따른 radial 형태의 균열에 의해 일어났다. 이러한 radial 형태의 균열발생은 각 재료에서 급격한 강도저하를 가져왔으며, 계속적인 반복하중으로 재료의 파괴를 유발시켰다. 반복하중의 수를 고정시킨 수 압입하중의 변화에 따른 강도저하에 대한 고찰을 통해 장석질 자기가 접촉피로에 대한 손상내구성을 갖음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.216-225
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 냉간 헤딩 공정에서 성형하중과 펀치 금형의 마모 감소를 통한 펀치 수명 증대를 위해 헤딩용 펀치 형상 최적설계를 수행하였다. 기존 생산에 사용되는 냉간 헤딩 펀치와 성형공정에 대한 유한요소해석 시뮬레이션을 통해 성형하중과 유동 특성 분석, 펀치금형에 집중되는 유효응력 및 마모량에 대하여 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 금형 마모와 밀접한 주요 설계인자를 확인하였다. 펀치금형의 최적설계 변수로서는 펀치 금형 포인트각(Point angle), 에지 반경값(Corner radius), 펀치소재재종(die material type), 마찰계수(friction coefficient) 등의 4가지 변수를 대상으로 4인자 3수준 인자 및 변수 수준을 설정하고, 성형해석 시뮬레이션과 다구찌법을 활용하여 설계인자별 영향도를 분석하여 최적의 최적설계 인자를 결정하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 최적설계변수를 적용하여 냉간 헤딩용 펀치 최적설계 시뮬레이션 결과, 각 펀치에 발생하는 최대유효응력은 최대 8.9 % 감소 효과를, 최대 펀치 마모 깊이는 37 % 감소 효과를, 성형하중은 평균 20% 수준 의 감소효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 현재, 소성 성형제품군이 적용되는 자동차, 건설 플랜트사에서 요구되는 고품질에 대응하면서도 적정 제조원가 절감을 위한 성형성 개선을 위한 성형공정개발 및 금형설계의 최적화가 지속적으로 필요하며, 향후 연구 결과를 현업에 적용하여 제품 성형성 개선 및 금형수명 증대 관리를 위한 기술자료로 활용하고자 한다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.298-301
• /
• 2007

Magnesium alloy sheets have unique mechanical properties such as high in-plane anisotropy/asymmetry of yield stress and hardening response. The unusual mechanical behavior of magnesium alloys has been understood by the limited symmetry crystal structure of HCP metals or by deformation twinning. In the present study, the continuum plasticity models considering the unusual plastic behavior of magnesium alloy sheet were derived for a finite element analysis. A new hardening law based on two-surface model was developed to consider the general stress-strain response of metal sheets such as Bauschinger effect, transient behavior and the unusual asymmetry. Three deformation modes observed during the continuous tension/compression tests were mathematically formulated with simplified relations between the state of deformation and their histories. In terms of the anisotropy and asymmetry of the initial yield stress, the Drucker-Prager's pressure dependent yield surface was modified to include the anisotropy of magnesium alloys.

• 열처리공학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2002

Deformation behavior of nickel-rich Ti-51.5at.%Ni single crystals was investigated over a wide range of temperatures(77 to 440K) and strain levels(up to 9%) in compression. These alloys combined superior strength with wide range of pseudoelasticity temperature interval(~200K). The slip deformation in [001] orientation did not occur due to the prevailing slip system, and consequently, exhibited pseudoelastic deformation at temperatures ranging from 77 to 283K and 273 to 440K for the solutionized and over-aged cases, respectively. The critical transformation stress levels were in the range of 800 to 1800MPa for the solutionized case, and 200 to 1000MPa for the over-aged case depending on the temperature and specimen orientation. These stress levels are considerably higher compared to these class of alloys having lower Ni contents. The maximum transformation strains, measured from incremental straining experiments in compression, were lower compared to the phenomenological theory with Type II twinning. A compound twinning model depending on the successive austenite(B2) to intermediate phase(R) to martensite(B19') transformation predicts lower transformation strains compared to the Type II twinning case.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국해양공학회 2006년 창립20주년기념 정기학술대회 및 국제워크샵
• /
• pp.35-40
• /
• 2006

Ultrasonic cold forging technology (UCFT) utilizing ultrasonic vibration energy is a method to induce severe plastic deformation to a material surface, therefore the structure of the material surface becomes a nano-crystal structure from the surface to a certain depth. It improves the mechanical properties; hardness, compressive residual stress, wear and fatigue characteristics. Applying UCFT to a rolling process in the steel industry is introduced in this study. First, the UCFT specimens of a tool steel (SKD-61/equivalent H13) are prepared and tested to verify the effects of the UCFT in a variety of mechanical properties, the UCFT is applied to the trimming knives in a cold rolling process. It has been determined that UCFT improves the mechanical properties effectively and becomes a practical method to improve productivity and reliability by about two times compared with the conventionally treated tooling in the trimming process in a cold rolling line.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국소성가공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.381-383
• /
• 2005

극저온 압연중인 알루미늄 합금의 미세조직의 변화 - 집합조직의 발전과 결정립 크기 및 형상 변화 -를 예측할 수 있는 오일러리안 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 패스 당 압하율 $30\%$ 인 연속 세 패스의 압연공정을 시뮬레이션 하여 얻은 결과는 실험에서 관측된 것과 비슷한 경향을 보여, 본 연구의 해석모델의 타당성을 입증하였다.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.42-51
• /
• 1985

The dynamic fracture toughness, fracture characteristics, impact tension and tensile properties of Al-Mg-Si T5 alloy and Al-Zn-Mg T6 alloy respectively welded with filler metal of Alcan 4043 were investigated. The dynamic fracture toughness values were obtained rapidly and simply for the specimen of small size by using instrumented Chirpy impact testing machine. the testing temperatures of the specimen were a range of room temperature and-196.deg. C. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows. With decreasing the testing temperatures, dynamic tensile stress and fracture load were increased, on the other hand the deflection and impact value showed decreasing tendency in order of base metal>HAZ>weld. Changes of total absorbed energy were more influenced by the crack propagation energy than the crack initiation energy. At the low temperatures, the unstable rapid fracture representing the crack propagation appeared for the specimens of Charpy press side notched in Al-Zn-Mg alloy, but it was difficult to obtain the unstable rapid fracture in Al-Mg-Si alloy. Because of the development of plastic zone at the notch root, it was difficult to obtain thevalid $K_{1d}$ value in Al-Mg-Si alloy. Therefore the fatigue cracked specimens were effective in both Al-Mg-Si and Al-Zn-Mg alloys. With decreasing the impact testing temperatures, specimens underwent a transition from dimple-type transgranular fracture to lamella surface-type intergranular fracture because of the precipitate at the grain boundaries, impurities and crystal structure of the precipitates.s.

• Design & Manufacturing
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2016

Although magnesium alloy has received much attention to date for its lightweight and high specific strength, their applications are impeded by the low formability which is caused by the hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. In general, equal-channel angular extrusion(ECAE) is recognized as one of the attractive severe plastic deformation techniques where the processed bulk metals generally achieve ultrafine-grained microstructure leading to improved physical characteristics and mechanical properties. ECAE process has several parameters such as angle of die, process temperature, process route and speed. During ECAE process of Mg alloy, these parameters has great influence on the extrudability and the mechanical properties of alloy. The aim of this study is to estimate the influences of process conditions on the formability of AZ31 and AZ31-CaO alloys. Mg alloys are processed through ECAE at elevated temperatures using three types of die with channel angle of $90^{\circ}$, $110^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$ using route $B_c$, respectively. This study discusses the feasibility of using ECAE to improve both formability and strength on magnesium alloys by comparative analyzing the mechanical properties and microstructural evolution in each condition.