• Title/Summary/Keyword: Plastic analysis method

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Malaysian Vehicle License Plate Recognition in Low Illumination Images (저 조도 영상에서의 말레이시아 차량 번호판 인식)

  • Kim, Jin-Ho
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.10
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2013
  • In the Malaysian license plates, alphabets and numerals which are made by plastic, are adhered to a frame as embossing style and occasionally characters in horizontal, vertical directions are aligned with narrow space. So the extraction of character stroke information can be hard in the vehicle images of low illumination intensity. In this paper, Malaysian license plate recognition algorithm for low illumination intensity image is proposed. DoG filtering based character stroke generation method is introduced to derive exact connected components of strokes in the vehicle image of low illumination intensity. After localization of plate by connected component analysis, characters are segmented and recognized. Algorithm is experimented for the 6,046 vehicle images captured in Kuala Lumpur by IR camera without using any special light during day and night. The experimental results show that recognition accuracy of plates is 96.1%.

Polymer Film-Based Screening and Isolation of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Degrading Microorganisms

  • Kim, Mi Yeon;Kim, Changman;Moon, Jungheun;Heo, Jinhee;Jung, Sokhee P.;Kim, Jung Rae
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.342-349
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    • 2017
  • Polylactic acid (PLA) has been highlighted as an alternative renewable polymer for the replacement of petroleum-based plastic materials, and is considered to be biodegradable. On the other hand, the biodegradation of PLA by terminal degraders, such as microorganisms, requires a lengthy period in the natural environment, and its mechanism is not completely understood. PLA biodegradation studies have been conducted using mainly undefined mixed cultures, but only a few bacterial strains have been isolated and examined. For further characterization of PLA biodegradation, in this study, the PLA-degrading bacteria from digester sludge were isolated and identified using a polymer film-based screening method. The enrichment of sludge on PLA granules was conducted with the serial transference of a subculture into fresh media for 40 days, and the attached biofilm was inoculated on a PLA film on an agar plate. 3D optical microscopy showed that the isolates physically degraded the PLA film due to bacterial degradation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the microbial colonies to be Pseudomonas sp. MYK1 and Bacillus sp. MYK2. The two isolates exhibited significantly higher specific gas production rates from PLA biodegradation compared with that of the initial sludge inoculum.

An Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Electrochemical Reactions of RDF/RPF in the Direct Carbon Fuel Cell (직접탄소 연료전지에서 RDF 및 RPF의 전기화학반응 특성에 관한 실험적 연구)

  • Ahn, Seong Yool;Rhie, Young Hoon;Eom, Seong Yong;Sung, Yeon Mo;Moon, Cheor Eon;Kang, Ki Joong;Choi, Gyung Min;Kim, Duck Jool
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.513-520
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    • 2012
  • The electrochemical reaction of refuse derived fuel (RDF) and refuse plastic/paper fuel (RPF) was investigated in the direct carbon fuel cell (DCFC) system. The open circuit voltage (OCV) of RPF was higher than RDF and other coals because of its thermal reactive characteristic under carbon dioxide. The thermal reactivity of fuels was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis method. and the reaction rate of RPF was higher than other fuels. The behavior of all sample's potential was analogous in the beginning region of electrochemical reactions due to similar functional groups on the surface of fuels analyzed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy experiments. The potential level of RDF and RPF decreased rapidly comparing to coals in the next of the electrochemical reaction because the surface area and pore volume investigated by nitrogen gas adsorption tests were smaller than coals. This characteristic signifies the contact surface between electrolyte and fuel is restricted. The potential of fuels was maintained to the high current density region over 40 $mA/cm^2$ by total carbon component. The maximum power density of RDF and RPF reached up to 45~70% comparing to coal. The obvious improvement of maximum power density by increasing operating temperature was observed in both refuse fuels.

A study on the Color Analysis to he a Beautiful Face Conference Work - Focused on a Work of the Competition After 1980 - (미용대회 작품헤어 컬러분석 - 1980년대 이후 대회작품을 중심으로 -)

  • You, Ok-Lee;Paik, Sun-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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    • v.5 no.4
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    • pp.149-157
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    • 2007
  • Hair style was mean of visual symbol that display position or wealth about human life. Also, have spoken for cultural value as human body plastic art that speak for the age. I wished to study about modeling of hair style and interrelationship of color by analyzing systematically laying stress on color through contest creation work consisted in beauty art congress. Urpose of this study is as following. First, examines domestic' outside great council work head change by era, and studies Hair Work's change in work head. Second, Hair Color's change that appear in domestic' outside contest work head studies effect that get in work. Method of study runs parallel literature study and supporting research, utilized domestic' outside literature, connection paper, magazine, picture data etc. To literature study, and work picture data examined laying stress on work that is choosesed picture dataworld beauty use association (OMC) data etc. that appear in domestic' outside beauty art magazine to examine closely specification and stability of beauty art game style and participates in domestic and world beauty art contest. In this study, domestic' characteristic, and effect that collar gets in work head of collar that collects outside contest participating in an athletic contest hair style by ($1981{\sim}$until present) by year and appears in contest work head and in work since analyzing study forward $2007{\sim}2008$ year direction of collar. First, stream of whole color of the 1980s Brown gave highlight color point partially to basis, and was consisted of creative style and do Gold base color on the whole in Hair by Night item. Second, various Hair color was popularized in the 199Os, and Tuton's color appeared in beauty art game work, and I contributed to improve technique that step-up gradation color appears and does technique to highlight in neon orange in creative style and Hair by Night item by entrance on the stage of neuter gender color.

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Field Measurement and Numerical Approach for Lateral Deformation of Retaining Wall (흙막이벽에 발생하는 수평변위의 현장계측과 수치해석적 접근)

  • Do, Jongnam;Wrryu, Woongryeal;An, Yihwan;Chun, Byungsik
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.61-68
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    • 2010
  • Recently, it is a trend of the underground excavation to become larger and deeper for more effective use of available space and with the advent of new excavation technologies. The ground typically has a complex stratigraphy. The excavation can lead to large deformation in the nearby structures and large earth pressure on the wall. This can lead to serious problem in the stability of the wall. For the retaining wall to be safely constructed, it is important that the stratigraphy and engineering properties of the ground be accurately estimated, based on the excavation plan and appropriate excavation method. This study uses the measured field data and numerical results to characterize the characteristics of the lateral deformation of the retaining wall. A touredof six field data were analysed. SUNEX, a numerical program which uses the elasto-plastic model to represent the soil, was used. It was shown that the measured deformations exceeded the proposed values for shallow excavations. Overall, the maximum lateral deformation was within the proposed value and hence, the walls were analyzed as safe.

Characteristics of Dynamic Compaction Energy for a Non-plastic Dredged Soil (비소성 준설토의 동다짐 에너지 특성 연구)

  • Hwang, Seong Chun;Yoon, Sang Chun
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.110-117
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    • 2011
  • Seashore landfill projects use undersea pump dredging method for construction of airport and factory site. Coarse grain soil from the dredging is considered for use at inland. West sea shore bottom consists of primarily coarser grained silt-sand and this component contains far more percentage than is the case with East sea and South sea area. This soil shows very different characteristic at consolidation and compaction behavior. This research targets to utilize this type of dredging soil. Test specimen is from West sea (Saemangum) dredged soil landfill site. Model analysis is done for getting prediction of original soil relative density and N-value from dynamic compaction energy variance. Dynamic compaction energy is calculated for efficient foundation design.

Numerical modeling of uplift resistance of buried pipelines in sand, reinforced with geogrid and innovative grid-anchor system

  • Mahdi, Majid;Katebi, Hooshang
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • v.9 no.6
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    • pp.757-774
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    • 2015
  • Reinforcing soils with the geosynthetics have been shown to be an effective method for improving the uplift capacity of granular soils. The pull-out resistance of the reinforcing elements is one of the most notable factors in increasing the uplift capacity. In this paper, a new reinforcing element including the elements (anchors) attached to the ordinary geogrid for increasing the pull-out resistance of the reinforcement, is used. Thus, the reinforcement consists of the geogrid and anchors with the cylindrical plastic elements attached to it, namely grid-anchors. A three-dimensional numerical study, employing the commercial finite difference software FLAC-3D, was performed to investigate the uplift capacity of the pipelines buried in sand reinforced with this system. The models were used to investigate the effect of the pipe diameter, burial depth, soil density, number of the reinforcement layers, width of the reinforcement layer, and the stiffness of geogrid and anchors on the uplift resistance of the sandy soils. The outcomes reveal that, due to a developed longer failure surface, inclusion of grid-anchor system in a soil deposit outstandingly increases the uplift capacity. Compared to the multilayer reinforcement, the single layer reinforcement was more effective in enhancing the uplift capacity. Moreover, the efficiency of the reinforcement layer inclusion for uplift resistance in loose sand is higher than dense sand. Besides, the efficiency of reinforcement layer inclusion for uplift resistance in lower embedment ratios is higher. In addition, by increasing the pipe diameter, the efficiency of the reinforcement layer inclusion will be lower. Results demonstrate that, for the pipes with an outer diameter of 50 mm, the grid-anchor system of reinforcing can increase the uplift capacity 2.18 times greater than that for an ordinary geogrid and 3.20 times greater than that for non-reinforced sand.

Analysis of Oral Pathogenic Microorganisms by Elderly's Systemic and Oral Health Status of the Elderly Over 65 Years

  • Lee, Min-Kyung;Yu, Su-Bin;Kim, Hye-Jin
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.372-379
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    • 2018
  • Korean society is experiencing rapid growth due to industrialization and urbanization, and the aging of population is emerging. Degradation of the masticatory muscle due to aging and reduction of the number of mastications causes dry mouth syndrome with decreased saliva in the elderly. Changes in the amount and composition of saliva cause various oral diseases, especially, periodontal disease is closely related to the microorganisms that form the plaque. In the elderly education, stimulation saliva was collected at the first visit and the last visit to observe changes in microorganisms in the oral cavity. For the collection of the probes, the paraffin wax was chewed for 5 minutes. The samples were immediately refrigerated in a 50 cc plastic tube and then stored at $-20^{\circ}C$ until the next use. The subjects of this study were the elderly people aged 65 years or older, and the study was conducted on 16 persons, 3 males and 13 females. The distribution of saliva microorganisms according to rolling brushing method showed significant difference in all three groups (Aa & Red complex, Orange complex and Green complex) before and after the education. In the group who answered that they had dentures, it was confirmed that the amount of microorganisms before and after education was significantly reduced in all three groups. There was a significant decrease in the amount of microorganisms in the Aa & Red complex and Orange complex group in the case of hypertension related to systemic disease. In conclusion, the higher the interest of oral health and general health of the subjects, the more effective the education.

Tensile Property Analysis of NCF Composite Laminated Structure for HP-CRTM Forming Process (HP-CRTM 성형공법을 적용하기 위한 NCF 복합재 적층구조에 따른 인장특성 분석)

  • Byeon, Ki-Seok;Shin, Yu-Jeong;Jeung, Han-Kyu;Park, Si-Woo;Roh, Chun-Su;Je, Jin-Soo;Kwon, Ki-Chul
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2019
  • In recent years, the HP-CRTM method, which has the ability to produce carbon fiber-reinforce plastic composites at high speeds, has come into the spotlight in the automotive parts industry, which demands high productivity. Multi-axial carbon fabric, an intermediate material used in this HP-CRTM molding process, consists of layered fibers without crimp, which makes it better in terms of tensile and shear strength than the original woven fabrics. The NCF (non-crimp fabric) can form the layers of the carbon fiber, which have different longitudinal and lateral directions, and ${\pm}{\theta}$ degrees, depending on the product's properties. In this research, preforms were made with carbon fibers of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ and $0/90^{\circ}$, which were lamination structures under seven different conditions, in order to create the optimal laminated structure for automobile reinforcement center floor tunnels. Carbon fiber composites were created using each of the seven differently laminated preforms, and polyurethane was used as the base material. The specimens were manufactured in accordance with the ASTM D3039 standards, and the effect of the NCF lamination structure on the mechanical properties was confirmed by a tensile test.

Optimization of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) film deposited with filtered cathodic vacuum arc through Taguchi robust design (다구찌 강건 설계를 통한 자장 여과 아크 소스로 증착된 사면체 비정질 탄소막의 최적화)

  • Kwak, Seung-Yun;Jang, Young-Jun;Ryu, Hojun;Kim, Jisoo;Kim, Jongkuk
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.53-61
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    • 2021
  • The properties of tetrahedral amorphous Carbon (ta-C) film can be determined by multiple parameters and comprehensive effects of those parameters during a deposition process with filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA). In this study, Taguchi method was adopted to design the optimized FCVA deposition process of ta-C for improving deposition efficiency and mechanical properties of the deposited ta-C thin film. The influence and contribution of variables, such as arc current, substrate bias voltage, frequency, and duty cycle, on the properties of ta-C were investigated in terms of deposition efficiency and mechanical properties. It was revealed that the deposition rate was linearly increased following the increasing arc current (around 10 nm/min @ 60 A and 17 nm/min @ 100A). The hardness and ID/IG showed a correlation with substrate bias voltage (over 30 GPa @ 50 V and under 30 GPa @ 250 V). The scratch tests were conducted to specify the effect of each parameter on the resistance to plastic deformation of films. The analysis on variances showed that the arc current and substrate bias voltage were the most effective controlling parameters influencing properties of ta-C films. The optimized parameters were extracted for the target applications in various industrial fields.