• Toxicological Research
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.137-142
• /
• 2004

We investigated the effects of plant vinegar on platelets and blood coagulation system. Plant vinegar inhibited in vitro platelet aggregation in a concentration dependent manner, when platelets were activated by thrombin and collagen. In addition, plant vinegar showed inhibitory effects on the serotonin secretion induced by thrombin in a concentration dependent manner. However, treatment with plant vinegar to platelets did not induce any cytotoxicity, as determined by the release of lactate dehydrogenase. Plant vinegar did not change the coagulation parameters such as activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) using rat citrated plasma. In vivo study revealed that, treatment with plant vinegar prolonged the bleeding time from mouse tail. All these results suggest that plant vinegar might improve blood hemostasis mediated via anti platelet activities.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.247-254
• /
• 2018

A This study evaluated the antidepressant effects of the herbal mixture CPAE(Cynanchum wilfordii Hemsley, Phlomis umbrosa Turcz, and Angelica gigas Nakai) using several tests, including a test for serotonin 6($5-HT_6$) receptor activity, the forced swimming test(FST), and tests for corticosterone(CORT) and monoamine levels. CPAE showed antagonistic effects on the $5-HT_6$ receptor in a stable $5-HT_6$ receptor-expressing cell line. We subsequently confirmed the antidepressant effects of CPAE in chronic stress model in mice and explored the underlying mechanisms of its action. Specifically, we observed that CPAE treatment significantly reduced immobility time in the FST and effectively restored abnormal levels of CORT in plasma and of monoamines(serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine) in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that CPAE has significant antidepressant effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.34-50
• /
• 1996

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Tongdosan water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral admini- stration. Measurment of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Tongdosan water extract. Tongdosan water extract against pulmonary thrombo- embolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Tongdosan water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Tongdosan dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembo- lism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time of rat ex vivo assay and lyses area was increased. 8. Tongdosan reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Tongdosan increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 1997

The present experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Sambutang water extracts on the serum cholesterol levels and the cardiovascular system in the experimental animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurment of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Sambutang water extract. Sambutang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1 ml/10 g, 2 mg/kg) plus serotonin(5 mg/kg) in mouse. The effect of Sambutang water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as follows. 1. Sambutang decreased the serum cholesterol levels in rats. 2. Sambutang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 3. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 4. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 5. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 6. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 7. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 8. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lysis time was reduced and lysis area was increased. 9. Sambutang reduced fibrinogen lysis time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results. Sambutang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin activity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.197-213
• /
• 1995

The present experiment was desinged to investigate the effects of Sopungtang water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurments of Mortality rate were observed for measuring the effect of Sopungtang water extract. Sopungtang water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1ml/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effects of Sopungtang water extract were examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Sopungtang dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug increased the antithrombin activity in rat and the fibrinogen lyses time was reduced and lyses area was increased. 8. Sopungtang reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Sopungtang increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug presented the antithrombin acivity, inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.299-315
• /
• 1997

The present experiments were designed to investigate the effects of Samsaengyeum. water extracts on the Cardiovascular System in the Experimental Animals. Thus, the changes of blood pressure and heart rate were measured after oral administration. Measurement of Mortality rate was observed for measuring the effect of Samsaengyeum water extract Samsaengyeum water extract against pulmonary thromboembolism induced by collagen the mixture(0.1me/10g, 2mg/kg B.W) plus serotonin(5mg/kg B.W) in mouse. The effect of Samsaengyeiim water extract was examined by observing the change of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, coagulation activity, ex vivo and in vitro fibrinolytic activity of euglobulin fraction in rats. The results were summarized as followings. 1. Samsaengyeum dropped the blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rat. 2. The drug increased the auricular blood flow in rabbit. 3. The drug relaxed the artery contraction by pretreated norepinephrine in rat. 4. The drug inhibited the death rate of mouse which was led to thromboembolism by serotonin and collagen. 5. The drug inhibited the platelet aggregation in rat. 6. The drug prolonged the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time on the test of plasma coagulation factor activity in rat, but was not valuable. 7. The drug reduced the fibrinogen lyses time and increased the lyses area of rat. 8. Samsaengyeum reduced fibrinogen lyses time of rat in vitro assay. According to the above mentioned results, Samsaengyeum increased the blood flow and dropped the blood pressure by the dilation of blood vessel. And the drug inhibited the platelet aggregation.

• Herbal Formula Science
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.109-121
• /
• 2022

Objective : This study is conducted to investigate the effect of Astragali Radix on Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) induced by the Single Proposed Stress(SPS). Methods : The experiment was conducted with five groups; SAL groups with only saline treatment, SPS group, SPS + ARX25 group, SPS + ARX50 group, and SPS + ARX100 group. After applying SPS, saline and ARX were administered for 14 days to identify the change of body weight, sucrose intake amount, and behavioral changes through Open Field Test(OFT) and Forced Swimming Test(FST). After the behavioral experiment, plasma corticosterone levels, serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay in medical prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus was measured using Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results : Weight change has significantly decreased in the SPS group compared to the SAL group(p<0.05). On day 14, the sucrose intake of rats has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group compared to the SPS group(p<0.05). In OFT, the number of staying in the central space has significantly increased in the SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.01). In FST, immobility has significantly decreased in SPS + ARX50 group and SPS + ARX100 group(p<0.05). The concentration of serotonine, dopamine and BDNF expression has increased significantly in SPS + ARX100 group compared to SPS group(p<0.05) Conclusions : In the SPS-induced PTSD experiment, ARX increased sucrose intake and the numbers of crossing in the central zone space in OFT, decreased immobility time in FST, and increased concentration of serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF. It can be postulated that the ARX could be effective for the treatment of PTSD.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.995-1001
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the effects of three music genres (classical, new age, and rock) on the stress levels of six Jeju crossbred horses (Jeju horse × Thoroughbred) in a horse stable. The horses were exposed to the three genres for seven days, and their stress levels were measured by analyzing physiological markers, including neurotransmitter (cortisol, β-endorphin, dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin) plasma levels and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aldolase serum levels. The neurotransmitter analysis showed significant differences in cortisol levels between classical and new age music exposure. Dopamine levels decreased significantly only with new age exposure. Although there were no significant differences in β-endorphin levels between the three genres, β-endorphin levels decreased with increasing classical and new age music playback times and increased with increasing rock music playback times. There were no significant differences in serotonin levels between the three genres. Oxytocin levels decreased significantly with exposure to classical and rock music. The CPK and aldolase analyses showed that CPK levels decreased significantly only with exposure to new age music and increased after playback ended, while aldolase levels decreased significantly with classical and new age music exposure and increased after playback ended. These findings suggest that classical music and new age are the optimal music genres for the psychological stability of Jeju crossbred horses. Playing back an appropriate music genre could be used to improve breeding and promote the welfare of Jeju crossbred horses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.237-243
• /
• 2010

This study was investigated the effect of antioxidative vitamin supplementation ($\beta$-carotene 175 mg, vitamin C 200 mg, vitamin E 33.5 mg) for 12 weeks on antioxidant status and autistic related behaviors in autistic children. The antioxidative vitamin-supplemented children had significantly lower concentrations of toxic mineral, such as cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) in hair, while they had higher concentration of antioxidant minerals (Se, Zn, Fe) in hair. Antioxidant vitamin supplementation for 12 weeks reduced free radical while it increased the hair levels of serotonin compared to the beginning of the study. Additionally, antioxidative vitamin supplementation resulted in significant improvement in social age. These results indicate that the consumption of antioxidative vitamin supplementation for 12 weeks in autistic children may increase plasma antioxidant mineral concentration, resulting in reduced toxic mineral and free radical and improved autistic behavior.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.879-884
• /
• 2002

Previous study showed that an amidrazonophenylalanine derivative, LB30057, which has high water solubility, inhibited the catalytic activity of thrombin potently by interaction with the active site of thrombin. In the current investigation, we examined whether LB30057 inhibited platelet aggregation and vascular relaxation induced by thrombin. Treatment with LB30057 to plateletrich plasma (PRP) isolated from human blood resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of thrombin-induced aggregation. Values for $IC_{50}$ and $IC_{100}$ were $54{\pm}4$ nM and $96{\pm}3$ nM, respectively. This inhibition was agonist (thrombin) specific, since $IC_{50}$ values for collagen and ADP were \much greater than those for thrombin. In addition, concentration-dependent inhibitory effects were observed on the serotonin secretion induced by thrombin in PRP. Consistent with these findings, thrombin-induced increase in cytosolic calcium levels was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner. When LB30057 was treated with aortic rings isolated from rats, LB30057 resulted in a concentration-dependent inhibition of thrombin-induced vascular relaxation. All these results suggest that LB30057 is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation and blood vessel relaxation induced by thrombin.