• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.30 no.10
• /
• pp.1180-1187
• /
• 1997

Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis and has been reported to contain an abundance of free radical species which could be expected to deplete antioxidants such as vitamin C . The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between smoking, plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C level. Fifty-five healthy male smokers and 32 non-smokers were investigated in the study. Mean age, body weight , BMI and blood pressure made no differences in both smokers and non-smokers. Significantly, smokers has higher plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C , and lower HDL-C /LDL-C ratio compared with non-smokers. Plasma level of thiobartiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid perosidation, were elevated in smokers(p<0.001), while the plasma vitamin C level of smokers was significantly lower than that of non-smokers(p<0.05), indicating that elevated lipid peroxidation are associated with decreased plasma vitamin C content. In non-smokers a significantly positive correlation was observed between dietary vitamin C intake and plasma levels, but no such association observed in smokers. Lack of such a relationship and the decreased plasma vitamin C level in the smokers suggest that smoking may cause increased turnover of the plasma antioxidant. Consuquently, the sustained free radical load derived from smoking causes an imbalance in oxidant/antioxidant status and it could be expected that cigarette smoking renders plasma LDL more susceptible to oxidative modification . In the present study the possible explanations for that cigarette smokers have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease include the changes of blood lipid and lipoprotein concentration, and plasma vitamin C status which might have protective functions against free radicals -medaited lipid peroxidation.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 1990

To investigate the influence of saturated fats, ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid, EPA and DHA on the lipid hydroperoxide concentration and fatty acid composition in liver microsomes and in plasma lipid of rabbits, the animals were fed on the perilla oil rich ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid or sardine oil rich EPA and DHA diet for four weeks Were examined. The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet was an accumulation of arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4 n-6, eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) 20:5 n-3, and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) 22:6 n-3, The fatty acid composition of plasma lipid and liver microsomes of rabbits fed on the sardine oil was an accumulation of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid(LNA) 18:3 n-3, and arachidonic acid(AA) 20:4. The p/s ratio of rabbits fed on the perilla oil diet changed from 7.4 to 2.27 for plasma lipid and 2.47 for liver microsomes. The concentration of lipid hydroperoxide was 3.48 nmol MDA/ml and 4.35 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsomes, respectively, in perilla oil diet. The lipid hydroperoxide liver was 4.22 nmol MDA/ml and 67 nmol MDA/ml for plasma lipid and liver microsornes in sardine oil diet.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 1995

This study was undertaken to examine the correlations between dietary intakes or anthropometric parameters and the plasma lipid level. measurements of dali nutrients intake, body weight, height, body bass index, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, plasma total lipid, triglyceride and cholesterol were made to each of 124 healthy adult(25-59yrs) : 56 males and 65 females. The mean energy and nutrients intake, anthropometric parameters and plasma lipid levels were all in normal range. In females, the fat and protein intake, the amount and percents to total energy intake, had positive association with the plasma total lipid, but the energy percent from carbohydrate intake was correlated negatively. And body mass index positively correlated with plasma total lipid level, in male and female, Therefore we could postulated the dietary fat intake and body mass index affected to plasma lipid levels in normal conditions of healthy adult.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.26 no.5
• /
• pp.927-935
• /
• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nondigestable substances and calcium such as oligosaccharide, agar, saponin, tannin and calcium on the reduction of lipid status in rats fed high fat diet. In order to make the observation, the lipid content in plasma, liver and the feces, and bile acid excretion were measured of r 4 weeks. the results obtained from this research are as follows. Concentration of total lipid in plasma seemed highest in the control group and were significantly lower in groups oil-gosaccharide, agar and calcium-tannin, compared to the control group. Concentration of total cholesterol in plasma was significantly lower in groups oligosaccharide, agar, calcium and calcium-saponin, compared to the control group. The improvement in lipid status seems to be insignificant with oligosaccharide, showed increase in total bile acids excretion in feces and decrease in total cholesterol in plasma, compared to the control group. These evidence seems to indicate improvement of the plasma lipid status by calcium and agar supplementation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.7
• /
• pp.775-780
• /
• 1999

We investigated the effects of antioxidant vitamins supplementation on antioxidative status and plasma lipid profile in female Korean non-insulin diabetes mellitus(NIDDM) patients. Forty-five patients were groups by types of vitamin to take into three groups-Vitam in E group(400IU/day, n=15), Vitamin C group (1,000mg/day, n=15) and Vitamin E plus C group (400 IU plus 1,000mg/day). Supplementation period was 4 weeks. After vitamins supplementation, plasma vitamin E concentration significantly increased in vitamin E and vitamin E + C group, but plasma retinol concentration were not affected by vitamin E or vitamin C supplementation. And plasma levels of lipid peroxide measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS), indicator of lipid peroxidation and increased susceptibility of LDL towards lipid peroxidation, were significantly decreased in all three groups after vitamins supplementation. Also catalase activities in erythrocytes were significantly decreased after antioxidant vitamin supplementation in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all subjects. And after vitamins supplementation, post prandial 2 hour glucose and total cholesterol levels was decreased in all patients, especially there was a significant difference in vitamin C, Vitamin E + C group. In this study, antioxidant vitamins supplementation might have a protective function against the free radical-mediated lipid peroxidation and decrease the plasma total cholesterol levels in Korean female NIDDM patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.1254-1262
• /
• 1998

This study has done to investigate the relationship between the icreased lipid oncentration caused by smoking and plama levels of vitamin A and vitamin E, antiodative enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation , in 52 male smokers and 32 non-smokers, Dietary vitamin A and vitamin E intake was imilar in both smokers and non-smokers. Absolute plasma concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were not significantly different between two groups, whereas vitamin E/cholesterol ration in plasma was low or in smokers than in that of non-smokers(p<0.05). It was considered that this lowered effect was due to the elevated plasma lipid concentration rather than oxidant stress derived from smoking, in view of the fact that smokers had higher cholesterol (15.2%) adn LDL-C(26.6%) levels than non-smokers. In non-smokers, plasma thiobarbiturin acid reactive substances(TBARS) conrrelated positively with total cholesterol(r=0.63466, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=0.57166, p<0.01) , and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio(r=0.45926, p<0.05) . Activities of glutathione perosidase(GSH-Px) , superoside dismutase(SOD), and catalse made no difference in both groups. However, it was observed in non-smokers that GSH-Px activity had negative correlations with total cholesterol(r=-0.67293, p<0.001), LDL-C level(r=-0.62878, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio (r=-0.58824, p<0.01), indicating that there was a dependent relationship between lipid perosidation and plasma lipid level. The smokers also showed negative correlations for GSH-Px activity with total cholesterol (r=-0.29946, p<0.05) and LDL-c level (r=0.45914, p<0.001), and LDL-C/HDL-c ratio(r=-0.35438, p<0.05). It seemed that the lipid that the lipid level elevated by sustaines smoking resulted in reducing vitamin E/cholesterol ratio and proportion of antioxidant to oxidant load, and then GSH-Px activity, with insufficient removal of free radicals(TBARS 2.43$\pm$0.51 and 1.81$\pm$0.15nmol/ml in smokers and non-smokers, respectively). These findings suggest that higher plasma lipid levels may play a more important role in perturbing the antioxidant defense system including vitamin E status and GSH-Px activity, at least in circumstances that increase lipid concentration . In addition, in exposure to free radicals like those in cigarette smoke. In those cases the ratio of vitamin E/lipid in plasma can be a more indicator of vitamin E status than plasma levels of vitamin E alone.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.273-280
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to examine the effect of dietary iron levels on lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male 16-month-old rats weighing 618 $\pm$ 6 g were raised for 10 days with medium-iron diet (35 ppm in diet) and blocked into 4 groups according to their body weights. One of groups was sacrificed to obtain initial data and the rest 3 groups were raised for 3 months with experimental diets containing different levels of iron (5 ppm, 35 ppm, and 350 ppm). Total lipid, triglyceride and total chole-sterol concentrations in plasma and liver, HDL-cholesterol concentration in plasma, fecal total lipid triglyceride and total cholesterol excretions, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in plasma LDL + VLDL (low density lipoprotein + very low density lipoprotein) fractions, blood-clotting time and eicosanoids levels in plasma were measured. The results are as follows: Plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions were increased and blood-clotting time tended to be shortened during 3 months of experimental period. Low (5 ppm) iron diet improved lipid metabolism via increasing HDL-cholesterol and fecal choles-terol excretion. High (350 ppm) iron diet decreased plasma total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations as compared to medium (35 ppm) iron diet and lowered body weight and epididymal fat pad weight. On the other hand, TBARS level in plasma LDL + VLDL fractions and blood-clotting time were increased with high iron diet. It is plausible that low iron diet improves lipid metabolism, antioxidative and antithrombogenic capacities in 16-month-old rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 1986

Rat lipoprotein-deficient plasma possessed a lipid tramsfer inhibitory activity when it was added to purified human plasma lipid transfer protien, while it lacked a lipid transfer activity. Incubation of whole rat plasma with partially purified human lipid transfer protein resulted in big changes in lipid distribution of rat plasma lipoproteins. There w was a 4-fold increase in cholesteryl ester(CE) and 4 47 % reduction in triglyceride(TG) in very low density lipoproteins after 2싹lour incubation. In high density lipoprotein $2(HDL_2)$ there was a 9­fold increase in TG and 33 % reduction in CEo HDL3 had 82 % reduction in CE. The result indi­c cates that the absence of the lipid transfer activity in rat plasma can be ascribed not to the inability of rat lipoproteins to serve as substrates but to the lack of 야Ie lipid transfer protein in rat plasma. Th­e erefore, species differences in lipid transfer betwe­e en lipoproteins should be taken into consideration to interpret results of studies on lipoprotein m.eta­b bolism using rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.221-229
• /
• 1999

Certain indigestible oligosaccharides may benefit gastrointestinal tract via fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacterial species. The purose of this study was to elucidate the effect of selected oligosaccharides, such as fructooligosaccharides(FOS), soybean oliosaccharides(SOE), and highly concentrated branched oligosaccharides(HiBOS), on fecal micorflora proliferation, lipid concentration, lipid peroxide formation and antioxidant enzymes acitivies in plasma and liver of the rats. Thirty two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four treatments ; 1) control diet(AIN-93G diet); 2) control diet +5% FOS ; 3) control diet + 5% SOE ; 4) control diet + 5% HiBOS. The duration of the study was 4 weeks. Fecal bifidobacteria concentration were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the HiBOS group compared with the control after 4 weeks of dietary treatment. FOS and SOE groups also had higher fecal bifidobacteria levels than control, but statistical significance was not found. The concentration of plasma total lipid was decreased by oligosaccharide consumption, especially in HiBOS group(p<0.05). The concentration of plasma total triglyceride was significantly lower in all of the oligosaccharide containing groups compared with the control(p<0.05). The plasma total cholesterol concentration tended to be lower in the oligosaccharide consuming groups than control. The concentrations of hepatic total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol were not affected by consumption of oligosaccharides. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS) concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities in plasma and liver were not affected much by experimental diets. There results suggest that dietary oligosaccharides may be beneficial for increasing intestinal bifidobacteria and lowering plasma lipid levels.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.421-430
• /
• 2002

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary and extract foods from A. capilliaris Thunberg on plasma and liver lipid metabolism in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For the experiment of liver and plasma lipid metabolism, Rats were find diets containing normal concentrations of fat or high concentrations of lard and two different preparations of A. capillaris Thunberg ; control diet (group C),50 mg/kg body weight A. capillary Thunberg methanol extract (group M), 6 g/kg diet A. capillary Thunberg dried powder (group P), high lard control diet (group L), 50 mg/kg body weight A. capillaris Thunberg with high lard (group LM) and 6 g/kg diet A. capillary Thunberg with hi\ulcorner lard (group LP). Effects of A. capillary Thunberg on plasma total cholesterol. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, Atherogenic index, triglyceride, plasma and liver peroxide contents, fatty acid composition of liver lipid and the distribution of fat droplets of liver. Supplementation of A. capillaris Thunberg resulted in lower plasma cholesterol, atherogenic index and triglyceride, and higher HDL-cholesterol in rats find high lard diets. However, these effects were not observed with low level of fat (groups C, M and P). A shift caused by feeding high lard diets in increased plasma and liver peroxides, saturated fatty arid composition of liver lipid and the more frequent distribution of fat droplets in liver could be reversed by feeding A. capillary Thunberg. This study suggests that A. capillary Thunberg co alter lipid metabolism in plasma and liver.