• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

Purpose: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) hepatitis is a usually asymptomatic and self-limiting disease in immunocompetent patients. However, the range of severity is wide, and the serological diagnosis is typically difficult until the convalescent phase. Thus, we examined the value of plasma EBV DNA real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in EBV hepatitis for the timely diagnosis and the relationship between EBV viral load and clinical severity. Methods: Sixty samples were confirmed as having EBV infection by RT-qPCR with the EBV BALF5 gene sequence. We examined the clinical characteristics of EBV hepatitis by reviewing medical records. Results: The median total duration of fever was 8 days (range: 0-13 days). The mean peak value of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was $241{\pm}214$ U/L, and the mean peak value of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was $298{\pm}312$ U/L. There was no correlation between the serum levels of liver enzyme and plasma EBV DNA titer ($p$=0.1) or between median total duration of fever and EBV DNA titer ($p$=0.056). The median age of the EBV VCA IgM-negative group was lower compared with the EBV VCA IgM-positive group in EBV hepatitis (2 years vs. 6 years, $p$=0.0009). Conclusion: The severity of EBV hepatitis does not correlate with circulating EBV DNA load according to our data. Furthermore, we suggest that plasma EBV PCR may be valuable in young infants in whom the results of serology test for EBV infection commonly are negative.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.1290-1295
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to evaluate effects of the increased dietary vitamin A supplementation on the vitamin A, vitamin E and ascorbic acid concentrations in the plasma and liver and activities of some enzymes in the liver of the growing chicken. One hundred and twenty female chickens at 4 weeks of age were divided in 6 equal groups in accordance with their body weight. They were housed in cages and fed on standard wheat-barley-based broiler diet balanced in the major nutrients. Vitamin A was supplemented in the form of retinyl acetate. Control diet was supplemented with 10 IU/g and experimental feeds were supplemented with 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 2000 IU/g. At days 42 and 56 of the development 8 chickens from each group were killed, plasma and liver were collected for vitamin and enzyme analyses. The increased vitamin A supplementation was associated with its increased accumulation in the liver and with a reduction of ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ concentrations in the plasma and liver. The blood plasma was more resistant to vitamin A concentration changes and the retinol level was elevated only when the vitamin A dose exceeded 100 IU/g feed. Ascorbic acid concentration in the liver was elevated when moderately high vitamin A supplementation was used but significantly decreased at the highest vitamin A dose. Similar changes were observed with glycogen concentration in the liver. Activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase in the chicken liver were also dependent on vitamin A supplementation, decreasing with highest vitamin A doses. Therefore the observations showed that the vitamin A excess compromises antioxidant system of the growing chickens suggesting that prooxidant activity may be responsible for at least part of the toxicity of vitamin A.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 2006

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of antioxidation related to aging of Cheongeumyeonsudan which is written on Dongui-bogam experimentally. Method : 14 weeks aged SD albino rats were separated into uncontrolled group, controlled group and CGY group. As controlled and CGY groups were induced aging by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose, at the same time we administered the extract of Cheongeumyeonsudan to CGY group for 6 weeks. After then we drew blood from each group, and took measurements; the activity of SOD, GSH-px, catalase in erythrocytes, TBARS value, concentration of total lipid, tryglycende, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol in blood plasma. Results : The activities of SOD, GSH-px in erythrocytes were significantly increased in the CGY group compared with control group. The activity of catalase showed a tendency to increase, but it was nor remarkable. The concentration of total lipid, the values of TBARS and total cholesterol was significantly decreased in the CGY group compared with control group, and the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol was not remarkable. The concentration of tryglycende in plasma showed a tendency to decreased. Conclusions : it is suggested that Cheongeumyeonsudan decreased the activities of free radical, the concentration of lipid in plasma and generate enzyme which form lipid peroxide.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2011

The wild edible mushroom, Lentinus lepideus has recently been cultivated for commercial use in Korea. While the mushroom has been widely used for nutritional and medicinal purposes, the possible anti-hyperlipidemic action is unclear. The effects of dietary L. lepideus on plasma and feces biochemical and on the liver histological status were investigated in hypercholesterolemic rats. Six-wk-old female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Biochemical and histological examinations were performed. A diet containing 5% L. lepideus fruiting bodies reduced plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, total lipid, phospholipids, and the ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein. Body weight was reduced. The diet did not adversely affect plasma biochemical and enzyme profiles. L. lepideus reduced significantly plasma ${\beta}$- and pre-${\beta}$-lipoprotein, while ${\alpha}$-lipoprotein content was increased. A histological study of hepatic cells by conventional hematoxylin-eosin and oil red O staining revealed normal findings for mushroom-fed hypercholesterolemic rats. The present study suggests that a diet supplemented with L. lepideus can provide health benefits by acting on the atherogenic lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.420-430
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• 1991

To compare the hypolipidemic effects of n6 linoleic acid. n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid and n3 eicosapentaenoic acid in rats fed high carbohydrate(70% Cal) diet. male Sprague Dawley rats were fed different experimental diets for 6 weeks. which were different only in fatty acid composition. The dietary fats were beer tallow(BT) as a source of saturated fatty acid (SFA), corn oil(CO) for n6 linoleic acid(LA), perilla oil(PO) for n3 $\alpha$-linolenic acid(LL) and fish oil(FO) for n3 eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plasma total cholesterol(Chol) level was increased by n6 LA but decreased by n3 LL and n3 EPA and most effectively reduced by n3 EPA. HDL-Chol level was raised by n6 LA, but there was no significant change in HDL-Chol levels by n3 LL and was lowered by n3 EPA. Plasma TG level was reduced by n6 LA, but lipogenesis in liver was not affected by n6 LA. However, plasma TG level was lowered by n3 LL and EPA. Both lipogenic enzyme activity and liver TC level were also decreased by n3 PUFA. The relative proportions of TG in VLDL was significantly lowered by n3 EPA. but the proportions of Apo B in VLDL was not changed by n3 EPA. Overall. the hypolipidemic effect was in the order of EPA+ DHA(n3) >LL(n3) >LA(n6) and fish oil and perilla oil rich in n3 PUFA may have important nutritional applications in the prevention and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2021

Oxytocin (OXT) and serotonin (5-HT) are essential neurotransmitters associated with the behavior of animals. Recently, we found that the plasma concentration of OXT is positively correlated with horse docility and friendliness toward humans. However, the relationships between the neurotransmitters and other temperaments such as fearfulness, dominance, and trainability are unknown. This study aimed to identify whether the plasma concentration of OXT or 5-HT is correlated with fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses. Blood samples of 34 horses were collected at the Horse Industry Complex Center of Jeonju Kijeon College. The concentration of OXT and 5-HT was measured in the plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The fearfulness, dominance, and trainability of horses were scored by three professors who were very familiar with the horses. One-way analysis of variance with the least significant difference post-hoc analysis was used to compare the scores for fearfulness and dominance among groups. The trainability of horses was compared using the student t-test. The 5-HT was negatively correlated with dominance, but it had no relation with fearfulness. The OXT appeared to be negatively correlated with fearfulness and dominance in horses. Furthermore, OXT was positively correlated with the trainability of horses. Additionally, 5-HT appeared to enhance trainability. In conclusion, the concentration of OXT or 5-HT in horse blood plasma can be used as a biomarker to monitor the fearfulness, dominance, or trainability of horses.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.265-272
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• 2002

Enzyme-Inhibition방법으로 다성분 잔류 농약의 검출 기법을 개발하기 위해, 음용수 허용기준 설정 농약인 유기인계 농약으로 malathion, parathion, diazinon과 carbamate농약으로 carbary에 대한 acetylcholinesterase (AChE)과 cholinesterase (ChE) 활성저해 관계를 규명하였다. 병아리 뇌의 AChE와 ChE 활성도는 각각 166.6 및 5.8$\mu$mol/min/g protein이었고, 혈장에서는 각각 23.1$\mu$mol/min/g protein과 8.3 $\mu$mol/min/g protein 이었다. AChE와 ChE의 최적 PH는 각각 8.2및 7.8 이었다. Km은 0.034 및 0.045 mM 이었다. 유기인계농약에서 AChE와 ChE의 I$_{50}$ 값의 malathion이 55.82 및 99.42mg/L이었고, Parathion은 31.16및 29.13mg/L이었고, diazinon은 17.89 및 19.62 mg/L 이었다. Carbamate농약인 carbaryl의 AChE와 ChE의 I$_{50}$ 값의 0.10및 0.05mg/L이었다. 먹는 물 관리법에 의한 carbaryl의 먹는 물 허용 수질기준인 0.07mg /L을 AChE와 ChE의 I$_{50}$에서 검출할 수 있다. AChE및 ChE을 이용한 enzyme-inhibition(EI)법은 carbamate농약인 carbaryl을 먹는 물 허용 수질기준인 0.07mg/L가지 검출 할 수 있으므로, 다성분 잔류분석법 (MRM, Multiresidue Method)으로 이용할 수 있다. 따라서 Enzyme lnhibition방법을 이용하여 자연환경 중 carbamate계 농약을 쉽고 빠르게 검출할 수 있는 새로운 bioassay법으로 응용할 수 있다. 수 있다.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2007

목 적 : 패브리병은 X-linked 지질 축적 질환으로 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A (${\alpha}$-Gal A)의 결손으로 인해 스핑고당지질인 Gb3의 세포내 축적을 일으키는 병이다. 혈장 중 Gb3 측정은 패브리병 환자의 효소대체요법 후의 모니터링이나 진단에 임상적 의의가 크므로 ESI-MS/MS를 이용한 시료 전처리를 위한 노동력이 덜 들면서 간단, 신속, 고감도로 정량할 수 있는 혈장 중 Gb3분석법을 개발하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 혈장을 디옥산으로 50배 희석하여 vortex-mix 및 원심분리를 거쳐 Gb3의 추출 및 분리를 수행한다. 이 때 내부표준액인 C17:0 Gb3를 혈장에 처음부터 첨가한다. 희석과 원심분리된 혈장은 가드컬럼을 통하여 ESI-MS/MS의 다중성분 모니터링 모드에서 분석하여 내부표준액에 대한 8종 Gb3 isoform의 피크면적비를 이용하여 정량한다. 결 과 : 혈장의 바탕성분 하에서 8종의 Gb3 isoform이 완전히 잘 분리됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 혈장 중의 8종의 Gb3 isoform 중 50% 이상 차지하는 종류는 C16:0 Gb3 임이 확인되었다. Gb3 isoform이 직선성을 이루는 농도 범위는 0.001-1.0 ${\mu}g$/mL이었다. 검출한계(S/N=3)는 C16:0 Gb3의 경우 0.001 ${\mu}g$/mL 이었고 정량한계는 0.01 ${\mu}g$/mL 이었으며 회수율의 일내재현성(정확도 87-108%와 정밀도 7% 이하)과 일간재현성(정확도 87-110%와 정밀도 13% 이하)은 매우 양호 하였다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 개발된 Gb3 분석법은 신속, 정확, 간편하게 패브리병의 1차 스크리닝이나 효소대체요법 전후의 모니터링 및 진단에 유용하게 적용될 수 있을 것이다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.260-265
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• 2001

Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) is a multipotent growth factor affecting development, homeostasis and tissue repair. Many kinds of malignant tissues were reported to overexpress transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) gene. However, a little work has been done on the circulating $TGF-{\beta}1$ and the association of $TGF-{\beta}1$ with progression in patients with malignant tumors. In this study, we measured the plasma level of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in gastric cancer and prostate cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ as a possible tumor marker. We used Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system in order to measure plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level in 134 gastric cancer patients, 50 prostate cancer patients and 290 normal controls. And the tumor marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), was compared with $TGF-{\beta}1$ in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. The mean plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ levels were $1.219{\pm}0.834$ (0.272-5.772) ng/mL in normal controls, $5.964{\pm}3.218$ (0.845-18.124) ng/mL in gastric cancer and $4.140{\pm}2.345$ (1.108-13.302) ng/mL in prostate cancer. In gastric cancer patients difference in plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level was not detected according to cancer stage. In comparison with other tumor marker (CEA, PSA) $TGF-{\beta}1$ is more potent in sensitivity. These results indicate that the plasma $TGF-{\beta}1$ level can be a potent tumor marker in gastric cancer and prostate cancer.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.366-377
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• 2011

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a multigene family of phase II detoxifying enzymes that metabolize a wide range of exogenous and endogenous electrophilic compounds. GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms may account for inter-individual variability in coping with oxidative stress. We investigated the relationships between the level of lymphocyte DNA and antioxidative parameters and the effect on GST genotypes. GSTM1 and GSTT1 were characterized in 301 young healthy Korean adults and compared with oxidative stress parameters such as the level of lymphocyte DNA, plasma antioxidant vitamins, and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in smokers and non smokers. GST genotype, degree of DNA damage in lymphocytes, erythrocyte activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and plasma concentrations of total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), vitamin C, ${\alpha}$- and ${\gamma}$-tocopherol, ${\alpha}$- and ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin were analyzed. Lymphocyte DNA damage assessed by the comet assay was higher in smokers than that in non-smokers, but the levels of plasma vitamin C, ${\beta}$-carotene, TRAP, erythrocyte catalase, and GSH-Px were lower than those of non-smokers (p < 0.05). Lymphocyte DNA damage was higher in subjects with the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotype than those with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. No difference in erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, plasma TRAP, or vitamin levels was observed in subjects with the GSTM1 or GSTT1 genotypes, except ${\beta}$-carotene. Significant negative correlations were observed between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of TRAP and erythrocyte activities of catalase and GSH-Px after adjusting for smoking pack-years. Negative correlations were observed between plasma vitamin C and lymphocyte DNA damage only in individuals with the GSTM1-present or GSTT1- genotype. The interesting finding was the significant positive correlations between lymphocyte DNA damage and plasma levels of ${\alpha}$-carotene, ${\beta}$-carotene, and cryptoxanthin. In conclusion, the GSTM1- and GSTT1-present genotypes as well as smoking aggravated antioxidant status through lymphocyte DNA damage. This finding confirms that GST polymorphisms could be important determinants of antioxidant status in young smoking and non-smoking adults. Consequently, the protective effect of supplemental antioxidants on DNA damage in individuals carrying the GSTM1- or GSTT1-present genotypes might show significantly higher values than expected.