• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.475-480
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• 2007

Effects of Galgeun(Pueraria radix) extracts on plasma and liver lipid composition, liver function and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration increased in the high oxidized fat groups, however these values showed a tendency to decrease in the Galgeun extracts groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in Galgeun extracts groups. The concentration of liver total cholesterol showed no significantly different in all treatment groups, however liver triglyceride concentration showed a tendency to decrease in galgeun extracts groups. Thiobarbituric acid(TBARS) concentration in plasma and liver showed a tendency to decrease in galgeun extracts groups. The galgeun extracts samples have also decreased the plasma GOT and GPT activities, whereas they have increased the liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1681-1689
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• 2011

The beneficial effects of tea catechins (TCs) are related not only to their antioxidant potential but also to the improvement of animal meat quality. In this study, we assessed the effects of dietary TC supplementation on plasma biochemical parameters, hormone responses, and glutathione redox status in goats. Forty Liuyang goats were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 animals/group) that were assigned to four experimental diets with TC supplementation at 4 levels (0, 2,000, 3,000 or 4,000 mg TC/kg DM feed). After a 60-day feeding trial, all goats were slaughtered and sampled. Dietary TC treatment had no significant effect on blood biochemical parameters, however, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.001), triglyceride (p<0.01), plasma urea nitrogen (p<0.01), and glucose (p<0.001) decreased and total protein (p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05) increased with the feeding time extension, and day 20 was the turning point for most of changes. Interactions were found in glutathione (p<0.001) and the ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione (p<0.05) in whole blood between treatment and feeding time. Oxidized glutathione in blood was reduced (p<0.05) by 2,000 mg TC/kg feed supplementation, and a similar result was observed in longissimus dorsi muscle. Though plasma glutathione peroxidase (p<0.01) and glutathione reductase (p<0.05) activities were affected by treatment and feeding time interactions, and glutathione S-transferases activity increased with feeding day extension, no changed values appeared in longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, dietary TC supplementation affected the concentrations of some blood metabolites and accelerated GSH depletion in the blood of goats. In terms of less high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the highest insulin and IGF-I concentrations, the highest ratio of reduced and oxidized glutathione in plasma, the dosage of 2,000 mg TC/kg feed might be desirable for growing goats to prevent glutathione depletion and keep normal physiological metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.926-930
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• 2003

Effects of powdered pine needle (Pinus densiflora seib et Zucc) on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 161.25$\pm$2.51 g were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet (normal group, I), basal diet and 10% oxidized fat (control group, II), basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 2% powdered pine needle (2% powdered pine needle group, III) and basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 3% powdered pine needle (3% powdered pine needle group, IV). Food intake, body weight gain and feed efficiency were not significantly different among oxidized fat diet groups. The level of plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease, whereas the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in pine needle groups. However plasma triglyceride level showed no significant differences in the treatment groups. Intake of the oxidized fat has increased the levels of liver cholesterol and triglyceride. The powdered pine needle showed a tendency to decrease thiobarbituric acid values in plasma and liver. The pine needle samples have also decreased the plasma GOT and GPT activities, whereas they have increased the liver glutathione peroxidase activity.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.137-149
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effets of hesperidin extracted from tangerine peel on Cadmium (Cd) and lipid metabolism lipid peroxide formation, and antioxidative enzyme activities in rats. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 158.3$\pm$3.5g were blocked into eight groups according to body weight. Rats were raised for three weeks with diets containing 0 or 0.04%(w/w) cadmium chloride and 1%(w/w) extracted hesperidin from tangerine peel, commercial hesperidin or naringin. Food intake, weight gain and food efficiency ratio were significantly lower in the Cd-administered groups. The Cd concentrations in blood and liver and the Cd excretions in urine and feces were significantly higher in the Cd-administered groups. Among the Cd groups, blood Cd concentrations were decreased, fecal Cd excretions were increased, and Cd retenition ratios were decreased by feeding flavonoid diets. Plasma total lipid concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin group, plasma triglyceride concentrations were significantly lower in the extracted hesperidin and naringin groups. Plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations and HDL : total cholesterol ratios were increased by feeding flavonoids. Among the Cd groups, liver total lipid concentratons were decreased by feeding flavonoids. Fecal total lipid, fecal cholesterol, and fecal triglyceride excretions were significantly higher in the naringin group, and they were increased by feeding flavonoids among Cd groups. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance concentrations in plasma and liver were higher in Cd groups, and were significantly decreased by feeding flavonoids. The activities of erythrocyte catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase showed a tendency to increase by feeding. The activities of liver catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were not significantly affected by administering Cd or flavonoids. In conclusion, all flavonoids that were used in this experiment inhibited lipid peroxide formation in plasma and liver, but this effect was not caused by the increased in the activities of antioxidative enzymes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2014

The present study was aimed to evaluate the antioxidant defense system of cinnamaldehyde in normal, diabetic rats and its possible protection of pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells against its gradual loss under diabetic conditions. In vitro free radical scavenging effect of cinnamaldehyde was determined using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-dipicrylhydrazyl), superoxide radical, and nitric oxide radical. Streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats were orally administered with cinnamaldehyde at concentrations of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg body weight for 45 days. At the end of the experiment, the levels of plasma lipid peroxides and antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, ceruloplasmin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and glutathione peroxidase were determined. A significant increase in the levels of plasma glucose, vitamin E, ceruloplasmin, and lipid peroxides and significant decrease in the levels of plasma insulin and reduced glutathione were observed in the diabetic rats. Also the activities of pancreatic antioxidant enzymes were altered in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. The altered enzyme activities were reverted to near-normal levels after treatment with cinnamaldehyde and glibenclamide. Histopathological studies also revealed a protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells. Cinnamaldehyde enhances the antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species produced under hyperglycemic conditions and thus protects pancreatic ${\beta}$-cells against their loss and exhibits antidiabetic properties.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

Effects of Boonsimgieum aqua-acupuncture at $Naegweun(HP_6)$ and $Taecheung(LV_3)$ on liver and plasma lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Concentrations of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in the high oxidized fat diet group. However these values showed a tendency to decease in aqua-acupuncture groups. HDL-cholesterol showed no significantly different in all the treatment groups. Liver total cholesterol values showed a high in control group, however other treatment groups showed no significantly different. Liver triglyceride concentration showed a high value in control group and $Naegweun(HP_6)$ aqua-acupuncture group showed lower value than $Taecheung(LV_3)$ aqua-acupuncture group. Plasma GOT and GPT values showed a tendency to increase in high oxidized fat diet group. However aqua-acupuncture groups showed a lower values than control group. The concentration of TBARS in liver and plasma showed a high values in high oxidized fat diet group, however these values showed a tendency to decrease in aqua-acupuncture group. Glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity values showed a low values in high oxidized fat diet group, however these values showed a tendency to increase in aqua-acupuncture groups and in aqua-acupuncture groups, these values showed no significantly different.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.632-637
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• 1999

The purposes of this study is to investigate the effect of Rhus chinensis gall extract on liver function, plasma lipid composition and antioxidant system in the obese rats with high fat diet for seven weeks. Thirty two male rats of Sprague Dawely strain were divided into four groups. they are normal group (basal diet), control group(high fat diet), III group(high fat diet with Rhus chinensis gall extract 25mg/kg body weight per day) and IV group(high fat diet with Rhus chinensis gall extract 250mg/kg body weight per day). Rats in III group and IV group were administered with Rhus chinensis gall extract accordingly. Weight gains showed a tendency to decrease in rat with Rhus chinensis gall extract group but showed no differences among treatment groups. Food intake and Food efficiency ratio were not significantly different among treatment groups. Plasma total cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in Rhus chinensis gall extract group. HDL cholesterol showed a tendency to decrease in 25mg/kg of Rhus chinensis gall extract group. However, in the 250mg/kg of Rhus chinensis gall extract group, these values showed no significant difference compared to the control group (p<0.05). GPT activities showed no significant difference among treatment groups. GOT activities showed a tendency to decrease in the groups of Rhus chinensis gall extract groups. Lipid peroxide level was significantly higher in control group than those of normal group. In Rhus chinensis gall extract groups, lipid peroxide level showed a tendency to decrease, but glutathione peroxidase activity was progressively increased. Results of our research in this paper show that Rhus chinensis gall extract might improve liver function, antioxidant system and plasma lipid composition in rats with high fat diet.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.323-330
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• 2004

Effects of Guemengja (Rosae Laevigatae Michx.) Extracts on serum and liver lipid composition and antioxidative capacity were investigated in rat fed high oxidized fat. Twenty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 159.35$\pm$2.17g were blocked into four groups according to body weight and raised seven weeks with basal diet (normal group, I), basal diet and 10% oxidized fat (control group, II), basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 100mg/kgg Guemengja Extracts (100mg/kg Guemengja Extracts group, III) and basal diet, 10% oxidized fat and 200mg/kg Guemengja Extracts (200mg/kg Guemengja Extracts group, IV). The level of plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride showed a tendency to decrease, whereas the plasma HDL-cholesterol concentration revealed a tendency to increase in guemengja extracts groups. The level of liver total cholesterol showed no significantly different in all treatment groups, however the level of liver triglyceride showed a tendance to decrease in guemengja extracts groups. Thiobarbituric acid(TBARS) values in plasma and liver showed a tendence to decrease in guemengja extracts groups. The guemengja extracts samples have also decreased the plasma GOT and GPT activities, whereas they have increased the liver glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.206-213
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• 2017

BACKGROUN/OBJECTIVES: Although studies have revealed that black garlic is a potent antioxidant, its antioxidant mechanism remains unclear. The objective of this study was to determine black garlic's antioxidant activities and possible antioxidant mechanisms related to nuclear factor erythroid 2-like factor 2 (Nrf2)-Keap1 complex. METHODS/MATERIALS: After four weeks of feeding rats with a normal fat diet (NF), a high-fat diet (HF), a high-fat diet with 0.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 0.5), a high-fat diet with 1.0% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.0), or a high-fat diet with 1.5% black garlic extract (HF+BGE 1.5), plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were determined. As oxidative stress indices, plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and 8-isoprostaglandin $F2{\alpha}$ (8-iso-PGF) were determined. To measure antioxidant capacities, plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of antioxidant enzymes in plasma and liver were determined. The mRNA expression levels of antioxidant related proteins such as Nrf2, NAD(P)H: quinone-oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase alpha 2 (GSTA2) were examined. RESULTS: Plasma glucose level, plasma insulin level, and HOMA-IR in black garlic supplemented groups were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than those in the HF group without dose-dependent effect. Plasma TBARS concentration and TAC in the HF+BGE 1.5 group were significantly decreased compared to those of the HF group. The activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF+BGE 1.0 and HF+BGE 1.5 groups compared to those of the HF group. The mRNA expression levels of hepatic Nrf2, NQO1, HO-1, and GSTA2 were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the HF with BGE groups compared to those in the HF group. CONCLUSIONS: The improvements of blood glucose homeostasis and antioxidant systems in rats fed with black garlic extract were related to mRNA expression levels of Nrf2 related genes.

• BMB Reports
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 2019

Zingerone (ZGR), a phenolic alkanone isolated from ginger, has been reported to possess pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. This study was initiated to determine whether ZGR could modulate renal functional damage in a mouse model of sepsis and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The potential of ZGR treatment to reduce renal damage induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery in mice was measured by assessment of serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lipid peroxidation, total glutathione, glutathione peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Treatment with ZGR resulted in elevated plasma levels of BUN and creatinine, and of protein in urine in mice with CLP-induced renal damage. Moreover, ZGR inhibited nuclear $factor-{\kappa}B$ activation and reduced the induction of nitric oxide synthase and excessive production of nitric acid. ZGR treatment also reduced the plasma levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$, reduced lethality due to CLP-induced sepsis, increased lipid peroxidation, and markedly enhanced the antioxidant defense system by restoring the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in kidney tissues. Our study showed renal suppressive effects of zingerone in a mouse model of sepsis, suggesting that ZGR protects mice against sepsis-triggered renal injury.