• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2004.11a
• /
• pp.137-137
• /
• 2004

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.371-388
• /
• 2001

A novel glucanhydrolase(DXAMase) from a mutant of Lipomyces starkeyi(KSM 22) has been shown effective in hydrolysis of mutan, reduction of mutan formation by Streptococcus mutans and removal pre-formed sucrose-dependentadherent microbial film and DXAMase has been strongly bound to hydroxyapatitie. These in vitro properties of Lipomyces starkeyi DXAMase are desirable for its application as a dental plaque control agent. This study was performed to determine the adjunctive oral hygiene benefits and safety of dextranase(Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 DXAMase)-containing mouthwash when used alongside normal tooth-brushing. This 6-month clinical trial was placebo-controlled double-blind design evaluating 1U/ml dextranase mouthwash and 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash. A total 39 systemically healthy subjects, who had moderate levels of plaque and gingivitis were included. At baseline, 1, 3 and 6 months, subjects were scored for plaque accumulation(Turesky modification of Quingley-Hein's plaque index), gingivitis status($L\ddot{o}e$ and Silness gingival index), and tooth stain(Area and severity index system by Lang et al). Additionally, oral mucosal examinations were performed and subjects questioned for adverse symptoms. Two weeks after pre-experiment examinations and a professional prophylaxis, the subjects provided with allocated mousewash and instructed to use 20-ml volumes for 30s twice daily after toothbrushing. All the groups showed significant increase in plaque accumulation since 1 month of experiment. During 6 months' period, the Dextranase mouthwash group showed the least increase in plaque accumulation, compared to the Chlorhexidine mouthwash and placebo groups. As for gingival inflammation, all the groups showed significant increase during 6 months of experiment. The Experimental group(Dextranase mouthwash) also showed the least increase in gingival index score, compared to the Positive control(Chlorhexidine mouthwash)as well as the Negative control(placebo)groups. Whereas the tooth stain was increased significantly in the Positive control group, compared to the baseline score and the Negative controlgroup since 3 months of mouthrinsing. It was significantly increased after 6 months in the Experimental group, still less severe than the Positive control group. As for the oral side effect, the Experimental group showed less tongue accumulation, bad taste, compared to the Positive control group. From these results, mouthrinsing with Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase provided adjunctive benefits to toothbrushing, comparable to 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash in inhibition of plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and local side effects were if anything less frequent and less intense than chlorhexidine, with long-term use of the mouthwash. All data had provided positive evidence for Lipomyces starkeyi KSM 22 dextranase as an antiplaque agent and suggested that further development of dextranase formulations for plaque control are warranted.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.443-455
• /
• 2000

The aim of periodontal therapy is a removal of a bacterial plaque butthe instrumentation for plaque control has two nature : removal of a bacterial plaque and increase of surface roughness. Complication of instrumentation is enable to damage to the root surface and artificial crown. Therefore this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of repeated instrumentation on the marginal portion of artificial crown. Fifteen proximal surfaces of ten extracted periodontally diseased maxillary first molars were used. The finish line was placed on the root surface, and then the crown was casted and cemented in usual manner. Three kinds of instruments: hand curet, ultrasonic scaler, and ultrasonic curet were used. After instrumentation, final polishing was done with rubber cup and pumice. And surface changes were evaluated by stereomicroscope and scannig probe microscope. Roughness was increased after instrumentation in all groups, and was decreased after polishing except ultrasonic scaler group. Roughness in the ultrasonic scaler group was lower than others, and roughness after polishing in the hand curet group was lower than others. These results indicate that polishing procedure is recommended, because periodontalinstruments increase the surface roughness and induce the irreversible damage to the marginal portion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.276-284
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to assess whether chemical cleansing using a sulfonic/sulfuric acid gel solution (HBX) as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) resulted in a decrease in residual plaque and calculus in deep periodontal pockets compared to SRP alone. Methods: Fifty-six patients with 56 hopeless posterior teeth, scheduled for extraction due to severe periodontitis, were enrolled in this study. Each tooth was randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 experimental procedures. The test teeth were subjected to the irrigation of the subgingival area with HBX for 2 minutes, followed by SRP with hand and ultrasonic instruments for 14 minutes, and then extracted. The control teeth received only mechanical instrumentation before extraction. Residual biofilm was evaluated on photographs and measured as total area and percentage of root surface covered by remaining plaque (RP) or calculus (RC) after treatment. Results: The initial pocket depth (PD) and total subgingival root surface area were similar between the 2 treatment groups. After treatment, the total subgingival root area covered by RP and RC was statistically significantly larger (P<0.001) in the control group than in the test group. The test teeth showed a lower percentage of RP, but a higher percentage of RC than the control teeth (both P<0.001). Complete calculus removal was achieved in 42% of the control teeth surfaces and in 25% of the test teeth surfaces for a PD of 4 mm. Conclusions: The additional chemical cleansing with HBX resulted in a statistically significant improvement in bacterial plaque removal during SRP of deep pockets, but it was not effective in reducing calculus deposits.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.205-215
• /
• 1997

In periodontal regeneration treatment, access to the frucation area is very difficult. Thus complete removal of plaque, calculus and endotoxin is somewhat impossible. In this study, teeth that were extracted due to periodontal disease were used. The furcation area was treated with periodontal curette, ultrasonic scaler, roto bur and they observed using SEM. The result was follows 1. The group treatment with curette showed remaining plaque, the cementum existed in most of the surface and partial dentinal tubule orifice could be seen. 2. The group treatment with ultrasonic scaler showed less removalof plaque compared to curette and irregular surface could be seen. 3. The group treatment with roto bur showed cleaner surface and many dentinal tubule orifice could be seen compared to the curette and ultrasonic scaler groups. Thus when suing treatments such as bone grafting or guided tissue regeneration, it is considered that the furcation area should be treatment with Roto bur.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.743-750
• /
• 1997

Gingivitis is the most prevalent type of periodontal disease and the dental plaque is considered as a major contributory factor. As the poor oral hygiene is firmly related to the occurrence of periodontal disease, pediatric dentist should make every effort to promote the oral health and control the plaque effectively for the high risk patients, especially for those who are under orthodontic treatment. P.M.T.C.(Professional Mechanical Tooth Cleaning), introduced by Dr. P. Axelsson in 1969, is a very effective method of plaque removal and can be performed by specially trained personnel. Two pediatric orthodontic patients were treated by P.M.T.C. for the elimination of gingivitis and gingival swelling. Signi ficant improvements of gingival condition were achieved in both cases but additional preventive programs and home care along with professional office care seem to be necessary for the best result.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
• /
• v.59 no.3
• /
• pp.291-298
• /
• 2021

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to compare five interdental cleansing products' effectiveness on removing artificial dental plaque on the interdental space of zirconia crowns. Materials and methods. A model with abutments on the right mandibular second premolar and first molar were prepared. 10 zirconia crowns for each abutment were fabricated. After applying artificial dental plaque between the zirconia crowns, a single clinician attempted to remove the plaque with five products: interdental toothbrush, end-tuft toothbrush, dental floss, Easypick, Water pik. They were conducted 10 times per group. The aspect and area of removed surfaces were analyzed using images taken with a digital camera. One factor analysis of variance was performed as a statistical analysis, and a post-hoc test was performed using the Scheffé method (P < .05). Results. There were differences in the area and the pattern according to the characteristics of the products. The largest area, including the marginal portion, was removed in the dental floss group. Interdental toothbrush group was the most effective in removing the dental plaque at the marginal portion. Easypick was less effective than the interdental toothbrush. The end-tuft toothbrush showed better results than other products in cleansing mesiobuccal and distobuccal area, but could not cleanse the area directly below the contact point. In Water pik group, artificial dental plaque was scarcely removed. The removal rate of artificial dental plaque was in the order of floss (69.47%), end-tuft toothbrush (49.36%), interdental toothbrush (44.20%), Easy pick (13.04%), and Water pik (0.59%). Conclusion. Dental floss showed the highest removal rate in the interdental space restored with zirconia crowns, while interdental toothbrush was the most effective in removing the dental plaque at the marginal portion.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1 s.190
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2007

In this study, an investigation was made on bristles for the prosthetic and periodontally involved patients based on the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ideal location and dimensions of bristles for the patients who were installed with fixed prostheses and severely involved periodontitis. 3D scanner was used to develop 3D visual models of bristles and teeth. These models were developed to be used for designing the ideal bristles for the prosthetic and periodontally involved patients. For the ideal design of bristle, interproximal area of dental arch and bristle must get into maximum and standard teeth may have to be chosen from many gypsum molds. During the design process the factors should be considered that influence the removal of plaque by bristle.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.180-188
• /
• 2006

Bristles for the prosthetic and periodontally involved patients are investigated based on previous studies. Specifically, the ideal location and dimensions of bristles for the patients who were installed with fixed prostheses and severely involved periodontitis were investigated. 3D (Three-Dimensional) scanner was used to develop 3D visual models of bristles and teeth. These models were used for designing the ideal bristles. In the design, the interproximal area of dental arch and bristle must be maximized and the standard teeth may have to be chosen from many gypsum molds. During the design process the factors that influence plaque removal by the bristle were considered.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.159-166
• /
• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the frequence of 4 periodontal pathogens in the supra- and subgingival plaque in periodontally healthy subjects. Twenty adult individuals aged 22 to 28 years (mean age 23.65 years) participated in this study. All subjects had no pocket sites more than 3 mm deep, and the sites selected for sampling were all negative for bleeding. After drying and isolation of the sites with cotton rolls, supragingival plaque was sampled using sterile periodontal curette. Each plaque sample was placed in individual tubes containing 500 ml of 1X PBS. After removal of the supragingival sample and any remaining supragingival plaque, subgingival plaque samples were taken from the same sites using sterile curette and placed in similar individual tubes. Identification of 4 putative periodontal pathogens from the samples was performed by polymerase chain reaction based on 16S rDNA. Chi-square test was employed to identify significant explanatory variables for the presence of the 4 periodontal pathogens. The data show that Actinobacillus actinmycetemcomitans, Porphyromonanas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum occurred in 16.9%, 14.4%, 52.5%, and 80.6%, respectively. No significant differences were noted in the periodontal pathogens between supra- and subgingival plaques according to the kind of teeth. However, the incisors were at higher risk for harboring F. nucleatum (p <0.05). Conclusion: These results reveal that anaerobic periodontal pathogens can be detected in supragingival plaques. Supragingival plaque may function as a reservoir of peri-odotopathogens.