• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 1979

In order to obtain a standard reference for designing an adequate power rice transplanter, the cutting forces depending upon variety of seedling, sowing density, seedling age and soil moisture content of mat-type seedling were measured by the rice transplanter installed with force measuring device of dynamic strain gage system in the laboratory. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Cutting velocity and acceleration transplanting hoe obtained from jinematic analysis of planting mechanism was 1.32m/sec and 81.5m/$sec^2$ when planting crank-shaft rpm was 160. 2. Little difference between cutting forces on 30-days old seelings of japonica and Indica type was observed, as the cutting forces determined were 2.0kg per hill for Japonica type and 2.1kg per hill for Indica type. 3. Cutting forces determined on 40-days old seedlings were 2.5kg, 2.3kg, 3.1kg and 2.9kg per hill for Milyang No.15, Tongil, Akibare and Milyang No.23 compared to the other varieties. 4. The cutting force was not greatly affected by the sowing densities , only five percent of differences were observed epending upon the sowing densities. 5. Cutting forces were 2.7kg and 2.0kg per hill on 40-days old seedlings and 30-days old seedlings respectively. About 38 percent of more forces was required in cutting 40-days old seedling than in cutting 30-days old seedlings. 6. More cutting forces were required as soil moisture content of mat-type seedling was decreased. 7. Root length after cutting by the planting hoe and their relationships with soil moisture content on 30-days old seedlings, are as follows ; $y=4.147-11.384x+ 28.854x^2$ where , $y$=root length after cutting. (cm) , $x$=soil ture content of mat type seedlings.(%, d.b.) 8. Cutting forces were varied with the width of cuttings ; those on 40-days old mat type seedlings were 2.7kg and 2.2kg per hill when cutting with 14 mm and 10mm of width respectively, about 32 percent of more forces was required when cuting with 14mm of width compared to 10mm of width.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2019

Contamination of soil by deicing salt is among the important environment problems due to their toxicity and negative impact to human health and the environment. One of the effective methods for cleaning the soil from deicing salts is desalination using soil amendment-phytoremediation continuum treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine how much of the pH, EC control and Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ taken up soil amendments and Miscanthus sinensis, and to evaluate the effect of salt reduction and growth improvement as affected by soil amendment in high concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl₂) deicing salts. Results indicated that the addition of soil amendments was decrease the EC and pH, also significantly reduce the leaching of Ca²⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺, K⁺, a chloride ions related deicing salts, compared to the control for CaCl₂ 10 g/L treatment. It also resulted in an enhanced plant growth and higher plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight in Hydroball treatment + Miscanthus sinensis planting continuum treatment compared to the treatment that planted Miscanthus sinensis only. Therefore, we concluded that soil amendments might be attributed to an accumulation of deicing slats in the roadside soil, resulting in the improvement of Miscanthus sinensis growth.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2006

재식거리에 따른 옥수수의 광합성율의 차이를 보면, 이식 후 23일째(5월 31일)에 재식거리 $40{\times}40cm$에서 제일 낮게 나타났으나, 시일이 지나면서 식물체의 내염성 증가로 광합성율이 큰 차이는 보이지 않았다. 식물체의 생육특성의 차이를 보면, 이식 후 23일째(5월 31일)에 염류의 영향으로 재식거리 $40{\times}40cm$에서 생육저해가 나타났지만, 시일이 지나면서 왕성한 생장을 보였다. 식물체내의 염분함량의 차이를 보면, 대체로 재식거리 $40{\times}40cm$에서 다른 재식거리보다 높은 경향을 보였으며, 염류흡수 차이를 보면 $K^{+}$ 함량이 다른 염류함량보다 훨씬 높게 나타났다. 옥수수의 재배에 따른 토양의 제염효과를 보면, 재식거리 $30{\times}30cm$에서 $K^{+}$는 28%, $Ca^{2+}$는 36.6%, $Mg^{2+}$는 30.6%, $Na^{+}$는 22.9%로 이식 후 37일째(6월 14일)에서 이식 후 23일째(5월 31)에 비해 현저하게 감소하였다. 또한 표토의 염류함량이 심토보다 높게 나타났다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-327
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• 2021

Background and objective: Recent urban agriculture meets the needs of urban residents that safety and avoids using chemical pesticides. This study was conducted to identify various factors of companion planting affecting the growth of cherry tomatoes, which will promoting urban agriculture by improving socioeconomic satisfaction with gardening activities through quality. Methods: Four types of companion plants such as marigold, zinnia, spearmint and basil, that have a companion effect with growth, sugar content, and vitamin C content. We obtained the mean and standard deviation and tested the significance at a 95% confidence level (p < .05) with Duncan's multiple range test after one way ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: Compared to monoculture of cherry tomatoes, the plant growth in the treatment plots with companion planting showed a significant increase overall(p < .05), but there wasn't interaction effect among companion plants, planting ratio and type. As for the absorption of inorganic components, the companion planting showed better absorption than monoculture of cherry tomatoes, as favorable growth, and there was an interaction effect among the individual factors. The sugar content was higher than the standard sugar content of 5.8 brix in both the treatment plots at the control, and vitamin C content was higher than the control at 26.27mg/100g in all treatment plots, but there wasn't statistically significant difference. The soil pH in the cultivation plot ranges from 5.5 to 9.0 and was weakly alkaline in all treatment plots except zinnia, showing low contents of phosphoric acid, exchageable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze various factors such as the growth of cherry tomatoes, contents of inorganic components, sugar content and vitamin C content of fruits, and soil analysis according to companion plants, planting type, and planting ratio. We will study sugar content by measuring the change in growth every phase of fruits.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial evergreen coniferous forest based on organic matter dynamics. We investigated the amounts and carbon contents of the forest floor and the litterfall, soil chemical characteristics and cellulose decomposition rates in the natural deciduous broad-leaved forest and adjacent artificial evergreen coniferous forest. In the artificial evergreen coniferous forest were planted Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) on the upper slope and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on the lower slope. The soil carbon and nitrogen contents, CEC and microbial activity had decreased due to the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial Japanese cypress forest, and were almost the same for the conversion to a Japanese cedar forest. Under the same conditions, it is considered that the soil fertility was different by planting specific tree species because the organic matter dynamics were changed by them.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.171-178
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• 2005

It is unavoidable to be formed slopes under special circumstance of Korea where 70% of the whole area are composed of mountains when civil engineering projects such as roads, site developments are increased with industrial development and horizontal expansions of urban area. Moreover, stability of the slopes become one of quite important issues under special meteorological characteristics that over two-thirds of annual average rainfall are concentrated in summer season and the localized torrential downpour are getting more frequent recently. Resulting in these circumstances, partial slope failures by debris flow of the high water content soils are occurred frequently in cutting soil slopes. In this case of debris flow slope failure, slope declination method are selected for their stable recovery because it is impossible to recover entirely by existing recovery methods. Seeding or special grass planting methods are followed separately without exception. The method by which entire recover with bigger stability ratio would be possible and grass planting work would be done simultaneously is developed. In this study, the results of the tests including a real construction history in a failed slope using developed method are described

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1988

초경수림의 재배에 있어 연탄재와 도시하수처리에서 발생한 오니를 혼합하여 배양토를 만들어 상토로 사용하고 주목, 회양목, 쥐똥나무, 라일락 등 4개 수종의 생육을 비교시험한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 4개 수종 공히 초기생장은 무처리구와 처리구에서 약간의 생육차이를 보였다. 2. 식재후 2개월이 지난 후 부터는 현격한 생장차이를 나타내기 시작하였다. 3. 가장 높은 생장을 나타낸 것은 라일락이며 쥐똥나무, 회양목, 주목의 순이었다. 4. 특히 주목은 그 생장량 차이가 타수종에 비하여 현격하게 적게 나타나고 있다. 5. 이후 도시환경문제를 심각하게 만들고 있는 연탄재와 하수오니는 조경용 수목의 재배나 식재지객토로 활용한다면 매우 높은 효과를 얻을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제112권4호
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• pp.502-514
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• 2023

본 연구는 낙엽송과 리기다소나무 벌채지에 조성된 낙엽송 조림지의 토양 물리·화학적 특성 및 조림목 생장의 장기적인 변화를 이해하고자 수행되었다. 낙엽송 전생임분(춘천, 김천)과 리기다소나무 전생임분(원주, 가평)에 낙엽송 노지묘(1-1)를 3,000본 ha^-1 밀도로 2009-2010년에 식재하였다. 조림 당해연도와 식재 후 3, 7, 11년에 토양 시료(0-20 cm)를 채취하여 물리·화학적 특성을 분석하였으며, 동시에 주기적으로 수고 및 근원경을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 식재 초기 미사와 점토 함량, 총탄소와 전질소, 유효태인산 농도, 양이온치환용량 등의 토양 특성은 전생임분에 따른 차이를 보였으나, 조림목 생장은 전생임분에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 토양의 화학적 특성은 전반적으로 김천지역이 가장 양호한 반면, 조림목 초기 생장은 가평지역에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 조림 11년 경과 후에는 어린나무가꾸기 작업에 따라 임분밀도가 크게 감소한 원주(1,028본 ha^-1)와 춘천(1,359본 ha^-1)에서 흉고직경이 더 크게 나타났다. 한편 조림 초기 전생임분과 조림지별 토양 특성의 차이는 낙엽송 조림 11년 경과 후 유사하게 변화하였다. 특히 벌채·조림 후 높게 나타났던 모래함량과 유효태인산 농도는 잠재적으로 유기물 유입과 양분 흡수에 의해 크게 감소하였다. 본 연구는 벌채 후 조기 재조림이 양분 용탈을 제한하고 토양 안정화에 기여할 수 있음을 제안하고, 낙엽송 재조림지의 양분 관리에 유용한 정보를 제공한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.491-495
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• 2014

Phytoremediation is a technology using plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environments. It is regarded as a cost-effective, efficient, eco-friendly, and solar-driven technology with good public acceptance. This study was conducted to find the plants accumulating heavy metals in soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. Experimental plots (plot size: $0.81m^2$) was artificially contaminated using a contaminated soil collected from a field in vicinity of Wondong mine (WD). Sunflower, corn and castor were tested for their potential to remove heavy metals from the contaminated soils. The results indicated that sunflower was most effective in accumulating heavy metals and thus remedying the soils among the three crops. Dry weight and heavy metal uptake of sunflower shoot differed with growth period. For example, the Cd content of shoots including leaf and stem were 0.31mg, 2.23 mg, and 0.96 mg per plot at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after planting in Cd4-WD treatment; in addition, the dry weight of the shoots in Cd8-WD treatment was reduced due to heavy metal toxicity. This experiment showed that sunflower absorbed Cd, Pb and Zn in their shoots up to 8 weeks of planting; thereafter heavy metals uptake was diminished. This implies that the efficiency of these plants in cleaning the contaminated soils may be high at the early stage of plant growth.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify the effect of fertilizer application and planting method on growth and yield of 'Seolhyang' strawberry during seedling raising. According to the concentration of fertilizer applied, the height of daughter plants was the highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Leaf number and crown diameter were greatest at an EC of $0.6-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In the first measurement, root number was highest in non-fertilizer application, while root weight was heaviest in non-fertilizer application and EC $0.4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. The higher the concentration of fertilizer applied as culture media, the lower the growth rate. Thirty days after planting on the main field, plant height and number of new leaf were highest at an EC of $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. However, no significant difference was found in leaf length and width and chlorophyll content according to fertilizer application. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in EC $0.6dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. In contrast, no significance was found in total marketable yield at an EC of $0.4-0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. Aconsistent pattern was exhibited in the growth of 1-5 harvesting flower clusters according to planting method. The length of leaf and flower cluster was short and chlorophyll content was low, when bed soil was removed 100% in harvesting of the first flower cluster. In all treatment, leaf length was shortened until harvesting of the second and third flower cluster, but rapidly lengthened in harvesting of the third and fourth flower clusters. Moreover, the length of flower cluster had a increasing tendency from harvesting of the third flower cluster. However, chlorophyll content was reduced continuously until harvesting of the fifth flower cluster, and was lowest in harvesting of the fourth flower cluster without removal of bed soil. Total yield was greatest in treatment of crown removal in bed soil between November and May. Late marketable yield between March and May was highest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal, followed by treatment of crown removal. Marketable yield of 25 g or higher was greatest in treatment of crown removal between December and February, while greatest in treatment of 100% bed soil removal between March and May.