• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.67-77
• /
• 2018

This study investigated the recognition of Koreanesss, preference factors and the difference of recognition from adjacent Chinese and Japanese gardens for foreign visitors of Seoul gardens, a Korean traditional garden located within the Marzahn garden in Berlin, Germany. Overall, the Chinese garden and the Japanese garden were better known to most visitors than the Seoul garden due to their earlier construction. The awareness of the specialty to the Korean garden was at an average level indicating most visitors did not recognize the difference among the traditional gardens constructed from other countries. These less awareness on the Korean garden was because the traditional gardens of the three countries are located adjacent to the park in a continuous landscape with similar plant species created through natural planting techniques. This means the Korean garden is required for considering diversity and representativeness of planting species, uniqueness in space composition and recognition of Korean oriental garden culture in an initial design project stage. Visitors without prior information has better understanding on Korean garden and higher revisit intention resulting in increasing publicity and understanding of Korean traditional garden. Among the preference factors representing Koreaness of the Seoul gardens, the waterfall, stream, pavilion and natural stone within the water landscape were visitors favorite interests due to design concept with a representative Korean stream scenery of Dokrack-dang and Byeolseo garden resulting in differences from the landscape displaying technique for other oriental gardens. These stylistic differences in the dominant landscaping of garden architecture from surrounding the physical environments, the garden displaying technique derived from Korean natural landscape can be recognized as an unique garden element for foreign visitors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.22-32
• /
• 2021

The Seonwonjeon(璿源殿) in the Deoksugung Palace was initially the ritual space for the royal family affiliated with the Gyeongungung Palace during the Korean Empire. It is currently, however, empty, as a landscape restoration and maintenance plan is established as a part of the restoration project for the Seonwonjeon area. The following results were obtained through the historical investigation of the original form and examination of similar cases. First, the original topography of the backside grove, which had been in the Seonwonjeon area, is 3.0-5.0m higher than the base of the building, and a terraced flower bed(花階) was installed on the border of the green to set off the difference in a scenic way. Second, the backside grove was composed with fruit trees to bear fruits used in rites and pine trees which symbolize the ritual space. Third, resting places were established at both ends of the site for the convenience of visitors without interrupting the atmosphere of the sacred ground. A trail was also created inside the backside grove along with minimum landscape elements, including functionally required items, such as the signboard, bench, tree guard, ramp, street lights, and landscaping lights. Fourth, the information on original planting in the palace and ritual space was extracted through historical materials, such as literatures, antique paintings, and photographs along with site surveys. Based on the information acquired, a planting plan was established for the courtyard, pedestrian road, resting places, terraced flower bed, pine grove, and fruit tree garden, which constitute the landscaping space of the Seonwonjeon area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.61-70
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the proper species of turf and the ground structure for the turf sports grounds. Analysis items are particle distribution of sand and gravel, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil hardness, and turf growth. Results of this study are as follows. 1)The particle distribution of sand used in the multi-layer rootzone is within the upper limit of the standard level. The diameter of mid-size grain({TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})was 0.62mm and the value of uniformity ({TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}) was 3.93. The particle size distribution of sand used in the single-layer rootzone was beyond the standard level as {TEX}$D_{50}${/TEX})=0.86 and {TEX}$D_{90}${/TEX}/{TEX}$D_{10}${/TEX}=8.86. 2) Saturated hydraulic conductivity of the sand was higher in the multi-layer rootzone than in the single-layer rootzone while bulk density was vice versa. 3) Surface hardness was high on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass compared to zoysiagrass probably caused by root density. 4) Visual covering and visual rating were highly evaluated on zoysiagrass within summer while better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass throughout fall to spring. 5) Visual color was better evaluated on Kentucky bluegrass+perennial ryegrass than on zoysiagrass throughout the year. These studies are demanded urgently according to increase in interest in the ground and turf species of the turf sports ground because of World Cup 2002.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 1998

This paper reviews the difference between the selected village groves and seaside groves in Chonbuk-Do province. In Chonbuk-Do province, village groves were principally found in the east mountainous region and seaside groves were found only in the south seaside. The village groves were located in the roadside and village entrance, but seaside groves were located in the front of crop land for the purpose of windbreak. The planting motive of village groves was historical and cultural background, but that of seaside groves was protection of cropland and village from strong wind. The form of village groves was various, but that of seaside groves was linear and rectangular. Both were small scale in comparison with other province. Both were formed on the slopeless land. In ownership, the rate of seaside groes owned by the slf governing body is higher than village groves. Billage groves were almostly owned by village. In vegetatioin structure, both were one class forest composed of only tall tree of upper class. Principal dominent species of seaside groves in upper tree was Pinus thunbergii, but those of village groves were Pinus densiflora, Carpinus tschonoskii, Zelkova serrata etc. Seaside groves were not growing normally in aspect of height and breast diameter of tree in comparison with village groves. The planting density of seaside groves was 3.7 times higher than village groves in Chonbuk-Do province.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.234-245
• /
• 1997

This study aims to clarify the preference of the hedge, on focusing the height, density, width of the hedge, which gives limited dwelling space continuity with outer space, promotes the naturality to dwelling environment, and plays an important role as green space in city. For this, it is performed statistical analysis by field survey, by classifying the hedge as planting pattern, and synthesizing the photograph. Therefore, the results of this study are as follows : 1. In the preference of height of the hedge, when only the hedge is composed, 1.5M is preferred, and when the hedge with deciduous tree, with needle-leaf tree, 1.25M is preferred. 2. In the preference of density of the hedge, which are perfect density, in case of the hedge, which are almost density, in case of the needle-leaf tree, are preferred. 3. In the preference of width of the hedge, 0.4M is preferred. 4. In the preferential factors of the hedges, the preference of the hedge is mainly influenced by density. As the result of multiple regression analysis of visual preference as the height, the density, the width, and the regression equation are as follows : Visual Preference = 0.094+0.412(density)+0.370(height)+0.177(width)

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.1673-1688
• /
• 2016

Gyeonghuigung palace is an important site as it was the secondary palace in Hanyang from the $17^{th}$ century to the mid-$19^{th}$ century. Its original state was lost because a number of buildings were damaged and the palace area was reduced. The entire palace can be seen only in "Seogwoldoan" a drawing of the western palace. With "Seogwoldoan" to show the complete configuration of Gyeonghuigung palace in detail as the main data and other relevant data used as supplementary sources, the aim of this work was to identify the figurative features around the plantings and the space configuration of the royal garden in Gyeonghuigung palace. The space configuration observed in the royal gardens in Gyeonghuigung palace deviated from the norms and strict systems of royal palaces. The free and uninhibited configuration of the royal garden was allowed in Gyeonghuigung palace because it was built as a secondary palace in a lower hierarchy. Furthermore, a royal garden characterized by unique and unlimited planting was created, with several spaces acting as both royal garden and rear garden as the rear gardens could not be separately configured due to the narrow space of Gyeonghuigung palace.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.38-47
• /
• 2000

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas causing climate change. This study quantified annual direct and indirect uptake of carbon by urban greenspace, and annual carbon release from vegetation maintenance and fossil fuel consumption. The study area was whole Chuncheon and Kangleung, and also two districts of Kangnam and Junglang in Seoul, cities located in middle Korea. Carbon uptake by urban greenspace played an important role through offsetting carbon release by 6-7% annually in Chuncheon and Kangleung. For Kangnam and Junglang, where the population density was relatively higher, urban greenspace annually offset carbon release by 1-2%. Future possible tree plantings could double annual carbon uptake by existing trees in urban lands (except natural and agricultural lands) of a study city. Based on study results, planning and management guidelines for urban greenspace were suggested to save energy and to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. They included selection of optimum tree species, proper planting location from buildings, design of multilayered planting, amendment of existing regulations for greenspace enlargement, avoidance f intensive vegetation maintenance, and conservation of natural vegetation.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.467-480
• /
• 2019

Standard estimates are the numerical data of a unit quantity required for construction work such as the amount of materials, manpower, and the use of equipment required and are also a basis to calculate construction costs. Unfortunately, standard estimates for construction have also been used for garden construction these days as no standard estimates for garden construction have been developed or documented until now. As a result, many problems have arisen at garden construction sites since landscape construction and garden construction differ in terms of scope, size, design and construction methods. The purpose of this study was to develop standard estimates for garden construction for proper calculation of the cost of garden construction and to ensure gardens are created following appropriate construction processes. In order to develop standard estimates for garden construction, a preliminary survey was conducted on experts to understand current issues at first. After that, a questionnaire survey was done to examine problems of construction processes and ways of improvement, and on-site inspections were conducted utilizing CCTVs at construction sites to identify the actual amount of manpower required on site. Based on the results of the surveys and on-site inspections, a draft version of standard estimates for 5 types of planting work for garden construction was developed. Developing standard estimates for garden construction will serve as a stepping stone for the transparent and proper compensation for garden construction work, which will not only contribute to addressing issues between consumers and construction companies, but also to the stabilization of market economy and job creation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.51-64
• /
• 2014

Most planting grounds have converted to the artificial ground of the upper part of underground parking lot in apartment complex recently by increasing utilization of underground parking area. This study has examined the composition of each ground and planting status. The study presents problems of planting plans in artificial ground landscaping in apartment complex. This study has conducted reference and field research. It has researched green space planning, planting characteristics and measures condition of soil depth in 3 regions surveyed. The results are listed below. First, hybrid ground has the highest percentage and natural soils has the lowest percentage in the composition of green space in apartment complex. Artificial green space is composed of a number of small-scale grounds. Second, The study has found that planting characteristics don't reflect soil properties. On the other hand, planting deep rooting big arbors has a high proportion in artificial Ground. Third, the study has figured out 98% of fit in minimum soil depth for growth. Fourth, planters and landscaping stones are constructed in case of small green space. On the other hand, mounding is constructed in case of large green space. However in case of mounding types it has low fit, so it needs to improve this problem.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.81-88
• /
• 2014

In this study, one of the measures for the promotion of the growth of trees planted in poor drainage areas, which functionality pipe supplying oxygen in the soil, and promotes drainage, barren soil and poor drainage areas in planting design was to provide the basic data to compare the impact on the application of functionality pipe. The Zelkova serrata testing materials were selected, planted a total of 12 by three to four individual experiments were conducted. Growth measurements of the items Plot A > Plot C > Plot D > Plot B were excellent in the order of height, number of leaves, leaf width, and chlorophyll content, Plot A > Plot C > Plot D > Plot B was in good order of the growth of the length of the root-collar diameter, Plot C > Plot A > Plot B > Plot D in order rate of variation was good. This has adverse effects on plant growth, poor drainage planting base represents, promote drainage and oxygen supply technique can be applied good to the planting from Zelkova serrata growth based drainage is poor and barren presented as part of research to be done in the future include a means for promoting the growth of plants in soil, the planting design.