• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2003

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Incheon-city Southern Region Integrated Disposal Treatment Facility. The site is located in Dongchun-dong, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon. The main design concepts are as follows: First, considering connection of the site with surrounding water, inner sea is designed as an environmentally friendly place and as a leisure-sports theme park in which several sports facilities and relaxing places are arranged. It is also designed for everyone: people of all ages, disabled, workers, visitors and local residents. The design was processed on the basis of survey, analysis of surrounding competing facilities and SWOT analysis. Second, the ecological planting model was developed by analyzing the natural vegetation map in the surrounding area and planted vegetation types in the seaside reclamation area. The model was then applied to the ecological community, park area and roadside trees, so as to harmonize with the local habitat. Third, the project is intended to launch private capital for managing the sports park and golf course. This will enable a entrepreneur to make flexible plans for golf training field that is expected to yield a good financial return. It is expected that this design would serve the local residents as a symbolic, environmentally friendly leisure-sports theme park.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.60-71
• /
• 2008

Through analyzing the specific physicochemical alterations in depth-based soil at reclaimed dredging area, the baseline data were provided for developing the reclaimed dredging area as natural landscape planting sites and ecological-landscape sites based on the soil improvement technology. There was no physical disturbance for 15 to 20 years in Gwangyang Bay reclaimed dredging area after reclamation. Physicochemical examinations of the soil were performed based on the vertical depth. Results of physicochemical analysis such as pH, electric conductivity, total salt contents, silt, clay contents, available phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, and sodium-adsorption ratio showed increasing patterns with the depth while total organic contents, total nitrogen, and sand showed decreasing patterns. Potassium as an exchangeable cation, showed similar distribution patterns between the shallow and deep soil. This result strongly implied that long-term exposure to natural rainfall in reclaimed dredging area altered soil characteristics related to salinity. This research demonstrated that there were no remarkable differences in physicochemical characteristics at soil depth and groundwater table height, suggesting a baseline data for developing reclaimed dredging area. Additional investigation is required for different reclaimed dredging areas. Also, additional monitoring and examination are need on plant communities and time variable alteration in the soil to test the feasibility of reclaimed dredging areas as natural landscape planting sites and ecological-landscape sites.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.61-74
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study is to propose vegetation management devices through analyzing the actual vegetation, flora, plant community structure and soil chemical concentrations in Weolmi urban nature park, Incheon. The actual vegetation of Weolmi Park in various areas is composed of urbanization area(2 types, 25.9%), landscape planting area(4 types, 16.1%), grass and marsh area(5 types, 7.6%) and mountain forest areal(14 types, 50.4%). The flora is composed of 295 taxa with 80 families, 253 species, 35 varieties and 7 formas, and among them there are 16 naturalized plant families, 39 species, 3 varieties. In reflection of size, the number of the species seems high but most of the them are under influence of human disturbance. Nine survey plots of plant community structure are classified into two groups. One is the semi-natural plant community(Prunus sargentii-Acer palmatum, Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Quercus serrata-Quercus accutissma-Prunus sargentii, Prunus sargentii, and Zelkova serrata-Prunus sargentii) that migrated finn the planting forest to the natural forest and the other is planting forest(Pinus koraienssis-Pinus thunbergii-Abies holophylla-Chamaectparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, Pinus thunbergii-Alnus firma, Zelkova serrata). The average pH is 4.65 which means the soil acidity is quite high. The concentration of K, Ca, Mg and base saturation is very low. It seems that the environmental pollutants from Incheon Port and industrial plants near by survey site and long-distance transport of air pollutants from China made the soil condition worse. On the basis of the results above, six vegetation management devices are suggested: 1) removing the hazard plants(Pueraia thunbergiana and Humulus japonica), 2) natural landscape management of the middle and long term, 3) increasing species diversity, 4) Robinia pseudoacacia management, 5) keeping the naturalized plants from being distributed any further inside the mountain forest, 6) improving soil acidification.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.128-139
• /
• 2023

Urban forests serve multiple purposes by providing green resting spaces and environmental benefits for city residents. In the old city center, where parks are scarce, the campus of Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea, serves as an urban forest for students, faculty, and citizens. This study aims to quantitatively analyze the environmental functions of green spaces on campus, raising awareness about their importance among campus members. The total carbon storage of campus trees was estimated at 1,653,218 kg, including 1,512,586 kg in forest areas, 131,061 kg in planting spaces around buildings, and 9,571 kg in street spaces. The annual carbon uptake of campus trees was estimated to be 39,391 kg/year, with 30,144 kg/year in forest areas, 8,017 kg/year in planting spaces around buildings, and 1,230 kg/year in horizontal spaces. In addition, annual oxygen production was estimated to be 105,044 kg/year, with 80,385 kg/year in forest areas, 21,378 kg/year in planting spaces around buildings, and 3,281 kg/year in street spaces. Furthermore, we estimated carbon emissions from the use of on-campus facilities to be 4,856,182 kg/year, while oxygen consumption by members was estimated at 53,975 kg/year. However, the campus trees supplied a sufficient amount of oxygen, which was twice the amount required by school members. The carbon uptake amount was approximately 1% of the amount of carbon emissions, resulting in a modest contribution to improving the environmental conditions of the site.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.69-84
• /
• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Hence, in this paper we utilized landscape adjectives as a way to enhance the objectivity of the organic agricultural complex landscape assessment. More specifically, not only this study used a landscape image of an organic agricultural complex to identify a landscape adjective suitable for the landscape elements but also this study confirmed the suitability of landscape adjectives comparing to the opinions of experts and the public. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 12 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result of deriving the landscape adjectives from the main landscape elements, there were nine landscape adjectives that were consistent with experts and the public, including "clear" and "Artless" for rice paddies and fields, while the mismatched landscape adjectives were 'traditional'. The accent planting was a combination of landscape adjectives such as 'natural' and 'clear', while the windbreak trees was a consensus of all landscape adjectives. Only two adjectives, 'friendly' and 'wild', agreed on the dirt load, nine dum-bung(small pond), ten natural small river, nine duckery, eight one-storied houses, 10 pavilion, eight monoculture and diverse crops, and three natural waterways. The most common landscape adjectives were windbreak trees, pavilions, and natural small river, all 10 landscape adjectives. However, it is considered that only three of the 10 landscape types on the dirt road and the natural number are matched. Thus, additional management measures will be needed. In addition, it was analyzed that the most common landscape adjectives were "Artless" and "friendly" 13 times. The landscape adjectives of the organic farming complex responded by experts were analyzed to be suitable for natural, clear, zingy, silent, traditional, artless, friendly, wild and Leisurely, and consistent with the general public's opinion.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.62-74
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to provide examples of planting methods for the construction of street green spaces with abundant greenery by analyzing road type, surrounding land use and planting structures in street green spaces on Port Island, Kobe, Japan. Port Island_(total area: 826ha) is a marine cultural city located in Japan's first artificial island with facilities of urban function and port facilities. The study site was designated at 11 plots of $55{\sim}285m^2$ on Port Island, and topography structure styles were divided into four types with mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style, flat style according to the adjacent roads width. The area adjacent to the middle roads with high levels of noise and pollution set up the mounding style, slope style, slope and flat style of multi-layer structures using topographic properties. The area adjacent to small roads focused on a green strip with shrubs on a flat style. Surrounding land-uses include a public institution, housing complex, and a commercial building. The planting concept was a buffer and landspace function in case of the middle road_(lane 4) while the small road_(lane 2) was a landspace function. Planting species were diverse with Liquidambe formosana, Cinnamomum camphora, Sapium sebiferum, Cedrela sinensis, Laeocarpus sylvestris var. ellipticus, Ginkgo biloba, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Zelkova serrata, Quercus glauca, Juniperus chinensis, Magnolia kobus, Rhododendron spp., Camellia japonica, Abelia mosanensis, etc. Planting density was 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the canopy layer, 0.02~0.08(0.04) individual/$m^2$ at the understory layer. Ratio of green coverage was 40.0~173.7(93.0)% at the canopy layer, 2.1~79.8(34.9)% at the understory layer and 17.9~64.2(32.9)% at the shrub layer. $Gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ was $1.43{\sim}6.67(4.13)m^3/m^2$ at the canopy layer, $0.02{\sim}2.01(0.85)m^3/m^2$ at the understory layer and $0.14{\sim}0.58(0.26)m^3/m^2$ at the shrub layer. The ratio of green coverage of street green space on Port Island was higher than that of Seoul, and particularly, the ratio of green coverage and $gr{\ddot{u}}volumenzahl$ at the shrub layer differed, compared to the main street green space in Korea. The result of this study may be applicable to other coastal reclaimed cities in terms of setting methods for street greenery considering the topography structure, planting structure and planting function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.70-82
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to reveal the tendency of planting design through the analysis of the planting of designer's gardens in the Suncheon Bay National Garden and to derive implications for future garden planting designs. The results of the study are as follows: First, the results of the study show that the practice of tree-based planting is still valid. Large growing trees such as 'Pinus densiflrora', 'Celtis sinensis', 'Zelkova serrata', 'Machilus thunbergii', 'Pinus strobus' overwhelmed the size of the designer's garden(150 to 390㎡). Second, the selection of trees tended to be made considering the designer's intention and the decorative effects rather than by considering the physiological and ecological conditions of the site. Third, among the herbaceous, the rate of the planting of perennials was high. Fourth, the flowering period of planted herbaceous was the most common in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. Fifth, the frequency color of the planted herbaceous was the most common in summer, followed by spring, fall, and winter. Fifth, in terms of flower color frequency, the most common was the yellow-series, followed by red-series, blue-series Sixth, average height herbaceous plants(20~60cm) were planted the most(47.4%). Seventh, structural plants that determined the garden's framework depended on trees, and the focal plants mainly utilized were evergreen trees, and the midrange plants were the planted herbaceous plants. The implications derived from the above findings are as follows: First, to ensure the garden's quality and sustainability, the selection of trees should be carefully considered, not considering only the artist's intention but also taking into account the physical and ecological conditions. Second, herbaceous plants can be used in various ways― the garden's focal plants, midrange plants, and ground covers, so more active herbaceous planting needs to be considered. Third, in consideration of the winter landscape, herbaceous planting using characteristics, such as fruits and stems, as well as flower colors should be considered. Fourth, blue and black color herbaceous plants have a noticeable effect even in a small amount, so it is necessary to plant them actively. Fifth, for the design of herbaceous planting, where the individual property of plants can be expressed, the design method should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.40 no.6
• /
• pp.140-147
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate optimum planting density for apartment complex. The validity of Landscape Architecture Criteria of Korea was checked for it. We compared our field data with Landscape Architecture Criteria. In this step, the tree density of urban forest was regarded as standard. Field study was examined in 3 apartment complexes located in capital area, especially completed during these 10 years. 10 sites in each complex were selected and tree density per unit area were calculated. This field study data was divided standard size and large size which received weight. And, it was compared and analyzed. And crown projected area(CPA) was calculated considering proper growth of low vegetation and sufficient shade. The outcome shows that minimum size of Landscape Architecture Criteria is rational. But, in the case of planting large size tree received weight, tree density was short comparing with the tree density of urban forest and CPA was less than 50%. By the result of field study in 3 apartment complex, the tree density of apartment complex satisfied or exceeded Landscape Architecture Criteria. But, in the case of planting large size tree, tree density and CPA show high density due to addition planting for deficient landscape. Therefore, the revision of the Landscape Architecture Criteria was required such as deletion or minimization of the weighted clause about the large size tree and regulate the limit CPA not less than 50% and not more than 100%.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.7 no.6
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to analyzes the effects on planting of roof with planting block and grass in a school building where users actually spend daily life to measure indoor and outdoor temperature changes with existing roof. In case of planting of roof with a summer season, the highest temperature was shown lower about $1620^{\circ}C$ in the outdoor compared to the case of not performing it. On the other hand the lowest temperature was shown higher about $0.7^{\circ}C$ and the highest temperature lower about $1.1^{\circ}C$ in the indoor. In case of planting of roof with a winter season, the lowest temperature was shown higher about $1.712.8^{\circ}C$ compared to the case of not performing it. On the other hand, it was shown higher about $3^{\circ}C$ in the indoor. The results of this study, effects of temperature control was confirmed in the indoor where planting of roof was performed higher about $3^{\circ}C$ for winter season and lower about $1^{\circ}C$ for summer season compared to the case of indoor with existing roof.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.61-72
• /
• 2001

The study was carried out to investigate the surroundings and benefit analysis on the planting investment of Thailand for securing a stable supply of timber through overseas planting, The results show that Thailand government is planing to increase the coverage of forest from 25% to 40%, encouraging planting over the country. More advantages and incentives are given in the investments in planting and wood-processing industries such as plywood, veneer, and chip & hard board, etc. In Thailand Eucalyptus species which are most popular in planting as they are lucratively used as a material of pulp. The Internal rate of return (IRR) in the study was ranged from 29.1 % to 59.3.