• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 1987

This study had been conducted to determine morphological characteristics of soil in the major districts cultivating flue-cured tobacco plant. Also native soil productivities were measured by means of bioassay planting tobacco plant without fertilizer at 87 selected soils through field experiment. Morphological characteristics of troll affecting the dry weight of tobacco leaves cultivated in the field were investigated Among soil morphological characteristics, topograpy, slope, topsoil depth, soil depth, and soil texture had influenced with high significant on the dry weight of tobacco leaves. For prediction of dry weight (productivity) of tobacco leaves without fertilizer , multiple regression analysis were introduced using soul morphological characteristics. A combination of topography, slope, topsoil depth, and soil texture was very reliable for prediction of productivity. The regression equation was y = -16.88 -14, 34$X_1$ +20.43$X_2$ +50.21$X_3$ -7.54$X_4$ +13.45$X_5$ R = $0.670^{**}$ Where $X_1$ : Topography $X_2$ : Slope $X_3$ : Topsoil Depth $X_4$ : Soil Depth $X_5$ : Soil Texture

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

An analytical diffusion model for flood routing with backwater effects and lateral flows is developed. The basic diffusion equation is linearized about an average depth of (H + h), and is solved using the boundary conditons which take into account the effects of backwater and lateral flows. Scouring phenomenon around pier which affects on the support function of pier and the stabilization if river bed is a complex problem depending on flow properties and river bed state as well as pier geometry. therefore, there is no uniting theory at present which would enable the designer to estimate, with confidence, the depth of scour at bridge piers. The various methods used in erosion control are collectively called upstream engineering, HEC-RAS Model, underwater blasting. They consist of reforestation, check-dam construction, planting of burned-over areas, contour plowing and regulation of crop and grazing practices. Also included are measures for proper treatment of high embankments and cuts and stabilization of streambanks by planting or by revetment construction. One phase of reforestation that may be applied near a reservoir is planting of vegetation screens. Such screens, planted on the flats adjacent to the normal stream channel at the head of a reservoir, reduce the velocity of silt-laden storm inflows that inundate these areas. This stilling action causes extensive deposition to occur before the silt reaches the main cavity of the reservoir.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.49-62
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the emergence, growth and yield components in rice inassoccation with Several cultivation methods direct sowing flooded paddy field(DSF), direct sowing by airplane(DSA), direct sowing in dry paddy field(DSD), 8days seedling planting(8DS), and 35days seedlingplanting(35DS). Also this study was attempeted to know the effects of calcium peroxide on germinationand early growth of rice under different soil conditions, seeding depth, application of organic matter,indirect sowing flooded paddy field.1. Rate of emergence was 73% in DSF, 70% in DSA, 62% in DSD, respectively, under the different cultivation method of rice in reclaimed paddy field.2. Degree of lodging in relation to cultivation was 5 at both DSF and DSA, 3 at DSD, 2 at both 8DS and 35DS respectively.3. Maximum tiller number was 568 per m2 at DSF and 527 at DSA. Heating was delayed for 4 days at DSF, 8 days at DSD and 2 days at 8DS as comparison with that at 35DS.4. Yield was higher 1% to 3% at DSF than that at DSA and DSD while decreased by 12% as compared with that of seedling planting.5. Total dry weight of seedling was decreased by 57% at 8DS, 60% at DSF 63% at DSD, respectively, under 0.3% of salinity. Ratio of decreasing in dry weight was higher with high salinity.6. The amount of O2 released was recorded highest to 2 to 3days after irrigatition, thereafter remaining constant to 10 days after irrigatition.7. The optimum coating amount of calcium peroxide for germination was a half of rice seed weight with 1 cm sowing depth and one-fold with 2-cm sowing depth when rice straw was not applied. With rice straw applied, on the other hand, the amount of peroxide was one-fold with 1-cm sowing depth. It was found that, under the condition of applied 600kg/10a, of 2-cm soil depth with rice straw calcium peroxide coating had no effect on emergence of rice seedling.8. In reclaimed paddy field, lodging degree was 7 with direct sowing by machine and 9 with direct sowing by hand.9. Yield was increased by 5% by applying rice straw with direct sowing by machine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.119-132
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• 2012

The unmanaged abandoned concrete roads are vulnerable toward the issues on soil and water pollution, which requires flexible managing method such as eco-corridor after the process of ecological restoration. Among various alternations of abandoned concrete-paved roads, ecological restoration technique may be the most suitable method in sites including high quality of natural environment. Therefore, as in Young dong province, GyungBu express highway (227.24~229.04km), which is near to Hwang-gan IC, the survey to measure its effect of soil under the paving and water pollution by abandoned concrete roads was discussed. Then, the restoration method of plantings of landscape trees and hydro-seeding methods of artificial soil media was appraised through consecutive monitoring. The soil adequacy analysis shows lower percentage of heavy metal substance in each depth level compared to standard limit stated by the Ministry of Environment, along with low concerns raised after the analysis on heavy metal content of the spilled water on the concrete roads. Meanwhile, Korean Weigela (Weigela subsessilis L.H. Baily) was found to be withered in small-scale landscape trees planting sites. Among the seeding plants. the family of leguminosae, Silene armeria, Dendranthema boreale, Caryopteris incana and Aster yomena show good establishment results. Overall studies on planting of small and large landscape trees, planting method of container plants, planting method of ground cover plants, and germination and development trend of seeding plants of the experimental restoration site on abandoned concrete roads are revealing specific trends in the way landscape woody plants establishment and growth. Finally, this study suggests further studies and survey on varied plant restoration methods on abandoned concrete-roads for developed design guidelines of their methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.79-92
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• 2017

To offer the basic data of vegetation restoration by buried seed of soil, this research was conducted at bare land and abandoned field in Yesan-gun. Germination plants of buried seed were consisted of 40 taxa (37 species, 3 varieties) in bare land, and 41 taxa (37 species, 4 varieties) in abandoned field. Classification of germination plants by family was the most in Gramineae, and emergent frequency of plots was the highest of Digitaria ciliaris. The soil depth of the most plants appearance was 2~5cm in bare land and 5~10cm in abandoned field, and the soil depth of the most population appearance was 0~2cm both in bare land and in abandoned field. Population number of buried seed germination was decreased according to soil depth. Crepidiastrum sonchifolium was a plant that population number of buried seed germination is the most. Similarity index was 0.33 in aerial part plants and buried seed plants, and 0.55 in bare land and abandoned field.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.359.1-359.1
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• 2007

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.11
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• pp.1-14
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• 1970

The following results were obtained by surveying the productivity of mulberry fields in Korea. 1. The productivity of mulberry field per 10a in which cocoon can be yield belongs to the range of 9.8∼105kg, and among them the productivity of 20 to 60kg was chiefly distributed. And their average was 50.2kg. 2. In general, the larger the mulberry field in scale per a person is, the lower the productivity of it is, but about 6.6 ares per a person was estimated to be economic scale for high productivity. 3. As far as the texture of soil is concerned, sandy-loam and loam contained a capacity of higher productivity while others like clay and sand that of lower productivity, And the depth of surface soil must be at least 50cm, although 70cm's depth of surface sail could bring about high productivity. 4. Fertilization of 900kg's compost on planting and 1,200kg's that after planting could enhance the productivity, because the use of compost have a positive relation to the productivity. 5. The greater the number of farmer's domestic animals is as a source of organic matter the higher the productivity is. 6. In the case of fertilization of 1,200kg compost, the amount of 20kg's nitrogen per 10 ares as chemical manure was best for high productivity. However, fertilization of 14.7kg's nitrogen as average amount of that, which is far below the standard amount, had been a factor to reduce the productivity of mulberry field. 7. In pruning the low-cut form resulted in high productivity, but as their shape become taller due to the lack of techniques, they were turned out to be non head pruning, thus to produce poor harvest of leaves. 8. The pure mulberry fields showed better productivity than others such as wide and narrow ridge planting and inter-crop planting. 9. As for the degree of planting density, at least 800 trees per 10 ares should be planted to increase the productivity, although the planting of 713 trees per 10 ares could be possible in case of the low stemmed pruning. 10. The hole and tranch in planting must be digged as wider and dipper as possible far the better growth of mulberry tree. 11. On the whole, varieties like NOsang and Y oung-cheun choowoo had a tendency of lower productivity.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.525-534
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• 2001

Garlic clove planting is one of the most laborious operations in Korean farming. The garlic planting has been done manually; therefore, it requires tremendous amounts of human labor resulting in the increase of production cost. This problem necessitated the development of a garlic clove metering device fur the planter. The device was fabricated to meter a single garlic clove with a scooping bucket(29mm in diameter and 8mm in depth) designed after the image of clove's bottom shape. The lift angle of the metering plate and the magnitude of vibration were also affected the metering performance. The angle clove metering rates ranged 95.4~96.7% with the missing rate of 0.0~1.3% at the 80~85 degrees of the tilt angle and vibration level 2(1.985 m/s$^2$).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.98-106
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• 2010

This study focuses on the appropriate planting soil for Vitex rotundifolia by planting soil. Different soil depth levels were achieved at 15cm and 25cm in the green roof module system that was created with woody materials for a $500{\times}500{\times}300mm$ area. The soil mixture ratio was $S_{10}$, $L_{10}$, $S_7L_3$, $S_5L_5$, $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$. This study was carried out over five months between April and September, 2006. The amount of soil moisture tends to decrease according to the planting soil. For the experimental items $S_{10}$, $S_7L_3$ and $S_5L_5$, the amount of soil moisture tends to decrease rapidly. However, for the experimental items $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, conditions containing perlite and peat moss, the amount of moisture tends to decrease more gradually. As a result, the use of soil-improving amending for the afforestation planting of roofs with a low level of management is need. After experimenting with the ratio of soil mixture for Vitex rotundifolia, the planting soil for experimental item $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$ appeared excellent. For experimental item $S_{10}$, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia seemed to be weaker than that of others, because of the low levels of moisture and organic matter in the soil. For experimental item $L_{10}$, there appeared to be a low level of growth, even when the levels of moisture and organic matter were high. This may have occurred because of the low level of soil pH and the excessive amount of exchangeable cation. At the depth of 25cm, the growth of Vitex rotundifolia is vigorous overall. For experimental item at 15cm, Vitex rotundifolia was able to survive for 14 days without any rainfall and Vitex rotundifolia was better in amended soil, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$, than natural soil, SL.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1983

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of soil moisture content and planting depth on the growth of 2-year old ginseng plant. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. When the ginseng seedlings were planted in soil by 4 to 5cm in depth, the length of leaflet and stem and the number of branch roots were significantly decreased but the stem diameter was increased. 2. Highly significant quadratic regressions were shown between soil moisture content and the growth of the stem, leaf and root of the ginseng plant. 3. Estimated amount of soil moisture for the maximum growth of the stem was 75% of field capacity, and that for length and width of the leaflet was about 65 to 66% of field capacity. Estimated soil moisture for the maximum growth of the root was about 56 to 58% of field capacity and that for increase in root weight was about 60 to 61% of field capacity. 4. Estimated soil moisture content for best growth of ginseng roots was 1 to 5% lower when the seedling was planted in 3cm depth compared with 2cm in depth. And when the amount of soil moisture was 31% of field capacity, the deep planting was adequate for good root growth. 5. Significant correlations were resulted between the dry weight of roots and the leaf length, the leaf width and the dry weight of stem and leaves. And also, significant correlations were obtained between the ratio of root dry weight to root fresh weight and the stem length, the leaf length, the leaf width and the dry weight of stem and leaves.