• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.75-75
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• 2019

The aim of the study was to determine the anti-inflammatory activities of the plants with origin of China. The Fissistigma poilanei, which is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae and Rubus laxus Focke, which is a species of plant in the family Rosaceae from China were tested for anti-inflammatory activities. Samples were prepared using 95% ethanol using nitric oxide (NO) assay for assessing the anti-inflammatory activity. NO assay experiment showed that extracts of the Fissistigma poilanei give 28.3% increases in anti-inflammatory activity and extracts of Rubus laxus Focke give 57.1% decreases in anti-inflammatory activity, compared to control. To determine the cell toxicity, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used. MTT assay experiment showed that Fissistigma poilanei and Rubus laxus Focke might have less toxicity of 60.5% and 62.3%, respectively, compared to control. Taken together, these experiments showed that Fissistigma poilanei extracts might have significantly higher anti-inflammatory activities and relatively lower toxicity, compared to control. This implies that this study might give a tool to develop a new potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic candidate.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.305-313
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• 2019

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) forage in agricultural areas, and are exposed to diverse pesticide poisoning. Toxic effects on Apis mellifera of different groups of pesticides were tested in the laboratory; fungicide (Metconazole), herbicide (Glyphosate), acaricide (Amitraz), organophosphate insecticide(Fenitrothion) and neonicotinoid insecticides(Thiacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid, Dinotefuran and Clothianidin). Commercial formulations were serially diluted from the recommended concentration (RC) to 10-6 times to carry out feeding and contact tests. Toxicity was transformed into lethal dose (LD50) and hazard question (HQ). The acute toxicity of pesticides showed similar patterns between feeding and contact tests. But feeding tests showed greater toxic to honey bee than contact test. The organophosphate and nitro-neonicotinoid insecticides were highly toxic with HQ values ranging greater than 1. However, cyano-neonicotinoids of Thiacloprid and Acetamiprid showed low toxicity. Even at the RC, 24 hr mortalities were 18 and 30%. The acaricide (Amitraz) showed intermediate level of toxicity at RC but negligible at the concentration lower than 10-1 times. A fungicide(Metconazole) and herbicide(Glyphosate) showed minimal impacts. The results imply that the selective use of pesticides could help conservation of pollinators in agricultural production systems.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 1987

Copper inhibited PSII-mediated O2 evolution (H2OlongrightarrowDCIP, H2OlongrightarrowSiMo) but not PSImediated O2 uptake(DCIP. Asc.longrightarrowMV) in isolated Chinese cabbage chloroplasts. Copper toxicity on PSII-mediated O2 evolution was higher at alkaline condition than at acidic condition and was inhanced by light illumination after copper treatment. The increased toxicity by light illumination was not recovered by subsequent dark treatment. The inhibitory effect of copper on H2OlongrightarrowDCIP reaction was higher than that on H2OlongrightarrowSiMo reaction. This result suggests that there may be another inhibitory site of copper on PSII other than water oxidizing side of PSII.

• Mycobiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.233-239
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• 2017

Drosophila melanogaster is a useful model organism that offers essential insights into developmental and cellular processes shared with humans, which has been adapted for large scale analysis of medically important microbes and to test the toxicity of heavy metals, industrial solvents and other poisonous substances. We here give a brief review of the use of the Drosophila model in medical mycology, discuss the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by the opportunistic human pathogen, Aspergillus fumigatus, and give a brief summary of what is known about the toxicity of some common fungal VOCs. Further, we discuss the use of VOC detection as an indirect indicator of fungal growth, including for early diagnosis of aspergillosis. Finally, we hypothesize that D. melanogaster has promise for investigating the role of VOCs synthesized by A. fumigatus as possible virulence factors.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.251-256
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• 2009

Cordyceps bassiana is a parasitic fungus and used as a Chinese traditional medicine. It has been called as DongChungHaCho(summer-plant, winter-worm) in China. Acute oral toxicity was examined in male and female ICR mice. Butanol fraction from Cordyceps bassiana(BuCb) was administered orally at a dose of 2,500 mg/kg, 5,000 mg/kg, 10,000 mg/kg. No death and abnormal clinical signs were observed throughout the administration period. The acute toxicity test on mouse did not show any oversign in net body weight gain, food and water consumptions, organ weights, gross pathological findings by different doses of BuCb. Also, biochemical examination revealed no evidence of specific toxicity. These findings show that BuCb has wide margin of safety on acute toxicity with single exposure.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.258-262
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• 1993

The plant of Pedicularis resupinata var. oppositifolia(Scrophulariaceae) is described to be used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, malignant abscess (tumor), urolith and diuretics in oriental medicinal books. This study is concerned with some general pharmacological activities. It was observed that the methanol extract of the aerial part of this plant showed some effects on acute toxicity, carrageenin induced edema in rat paw, bile juice secretion and antibacterial effect. From this result it was obtained that the methanol extract revealed the antiinflammatory activity and bile juice secretion increasing effect. Thus, it was fractionated and buthanol fraction has obvious inhibition effect on edema and bile juice secretion increasing effect. The total extract showed low acute toxicity i.e., the minimum lethal dose was more than 8000mg/kg in oral administration in mice.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.73-84
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• 2015

Nine plant species were selected through vegetation survey at three military shooting ranges at northern Gyeonggi Province. Plants were germinated in normal soil and three seedlings were transplanted to a bottom sealed pot containing sandy loam soils contaminated with either RDX (291 mg/kg) or TNT (207 mg/kg). Planted, blank (without plant), and control (without explosive compound) pots were grown in triplicate at a green house for 134 days. During cultivation, transplanted plants exhibited chlorosis and necrosis in flower and leaf by explosive toxicity and stress. Only three plants, Wild soybean, Amur silver grass, Reed canary grass, survived in TNT treated pot, while seven plant species except for field penny cress and jimson weed, thrived in RDX treated pot. Appreciable amount of TNT (61.6~241.2 mg/g-D.W.) was detected only in plant roots. Up to 763.3 mg/g-D.W. along with 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene, an intermediate of TNT, accumulated in the root of wild soybean. In addition, azoxy compounds, abiotic intermediates of TNT, were detected in TNT treated soils. RDX absorbed average 1,839.95 mg/kg in shoot and 204.83 mg/kg in root. Most of TNT in plant was accumulated in underground part whereas RDX was localized in aerial part. Material balance calculation showed that more than 95% of the initial TNT was removed in the planted pots whereas only 60% was removed in the blank pot. The amount of RDX removed from soil was in the order of Amur Silver Grass (51%) > Chickweed (43%) > Evening primrose (38%). Based on the results of pot cultures, Amur silver grass and Reed canary grass are selected as tolerant remedial plants for explosive toxicity.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.644-650
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• 2016

In soil-to-plant transfer of heavy metals, the amount absorbed and accumulated varies depending on the environment conditions. The absorption rate of cadmium (Cd) in plants differs considerably depending on the bioavailability of Cd in the soil, while usage by various organic matters is also reported to affect absorption patterns. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the difference in the transfer of essential metal ions and Cd to various plant parts when rice straw compost was used to cultivate soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Daepung). In the two-leaf stage of soybean cultivated in a greenhouse, Cd was mixed in the soil, after which the Cd and essential metal ions contents, and physiological changes of soybean seedlings were studied on the 15th and 25th day. The Cd toxicity in the plant was reduced with the use of rice straw compost. Further, the Cd content varied with the plant part, and was higher in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf) than in the stem. When analyzed by leaf age, the Cd transfer was highest in young leaves (3rd and 4th leaf), followed by mature leaves (1st and 2nd leaf). While there was no significant difference between plant tissues in the absorption rate of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) when rice straw compost was used against Cd toxicity, the absorption rate of manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) showed a significant decline in both the control and rice straw compost treatment conditions, as well as a significant difference between leaf ages. Therefore, these results confirm that the use of rice straw compost against Cd toxicity is effective, and implies that the rate of Cd transfer in the soybean plant varies significantly with leaf age.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.313-318
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• 1999

Cloning of the 5'untranslated region (5' UTR) and Nterminus of the glycoprotein precursor (G2G1) open reading frame of tomato spotted wilt virus has been problematic, possibly because of the toxicity of a signal peptide at the beginning of th G2G1 protein precursor. The toxicity of the signal peptide to bacterial growth and the reason for the expression of the peptide gene in Escherichia coli were investigated by cloning the 5' UTR and the signal peptide sequence separately. Cells transformed with the plasmid containing both the first 30 amino acids of the glycoprotein and the 5' UTR showed a severe growth inhibition whereas transformants harboring either the plasmid with the signal sequence or the 5'UTR alone did not show any ingibition. An E. coli promoter-like sequence was found in the 5'UTR and tis promoter acivity was confirmed with a promoter-less GUS gene cloned downstream of the 5'UTR. In the cloning of the Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) glycoprotein G2G1 open reading frame all the recovered plasmids contained stop codons in the signal sequence region. However, clones containing no stop codon were recovered when the signal sequence and the 5'UTR were cloned separately.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1991

Preliminary examination of antitumor screening wich Sacroma 180 ascites mice was carried out on the extracts of Ergrostis ferruginea of medicinal plant. This experiments were conducted in accordance with the Total packed cell volume method and Cyto toxicity method .