• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.435-444
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• 2018

Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are involved in plant development and disease resistance. Only some of the RLPs in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have been functionally characterized though 176 genes encoding RLPs, which have been identified in the tomato genome. To further understand the role of RLPs in tomato, we performed genome-guided classification and transcriptome analysis of these genes. Phylogenic comparisons revealed that the tomato RLP members could be divided into eight subgroups and that the genes evolved independently compared to similar genes in Arabidopsis. Based on location and physical clustering analyses, we conclude that tomato RLPs likely expanded primarily through tandem duplication events. According to tissue specific RNA-seq data, 71 RLPs were expressed in at least one of the following tissues: root, leaf, bud, flower, or fruit. Several genes had expression patterns that were tissue specific. In addition, tomato RLP expression profiles after infection with different pathogens showed distinguish gene regulations according to disease induction and resistance response as well as infection by bacteria and virus. Notably, Some RLPs were highly and/or unique expressed in susceptible tomato to pathogen, suggesting that the RLP could be involved in disease response, possibly as a host-susceptibility factor. Our study could provide an important clues for further investigations into the function of tomato RLPs involved in developmental and response to pathogens.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to develop specific and sensitive PCR-based procedures for simultaneous detection of economically important plant seed infection pathogenic bacteria and virus, Xanthomonns campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (Ecc), Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and Tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) in pepper and tomato seeds. Most of pepper and tomato bacterial and virus diseases are responsible for germination and growth obstruction. PCR with arbitral primers: selection of specific primers, performance of PCR with specific primers and determination of the threshold level for pathogens detection. To detect simultaneously the Xcv, Cmm, Ecc, PMMoV and TMGMV in pepper and tomato seeds, five pairs (Cmm-F/R, Ecc-F/R, Xcv-F/R, PMMoV-F/R, TMGMV-F/R) of specific primer were synthesized by primer-blast program. The multiplex PCR for the five pathogens in pepper and tomato seeds could detect specially without interference among primers and/or cDNA of plant seeds and other plant pathogens. The PCR result for pathogen detection using 20 commercial pepper and 10 tomato seed samples, Ecc was detected from 4 pepper and 2 tomato seed samples, PMMoV was detected from 1 pepper seed sample, and PMMoV and TMGMV were simultaneously detected from 1 pepper seed sample.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2016

In this study, antifungal activity of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Ocimum basilicum and two fungicides Mancozeb and Metalaxyl-Mancozeb in six different concentrations were investigated for controlling three species of Phytophthora, including P. capsici, P. drechsleri and P. melonis on pepper, cucumber and melon under in vitro and greenhouse conditions, respectively. Under the in vitro condition, the median effective concen- tration ($EC_{50}$) values (ppm) of plant essential oils and fungicides were measured. In greenhouse, soil infested with Phytophthora species was treated by adding 50 ml of essential oils and fungicides (100 ppm). Disease severity was determined after 28 days. Among two tested plant essential oils, C. citratus had the lowest $EC_{50}$ values for inhibition of the mycelial growth of P. capsici (31.473), P. melonis (33.097) and P. drechsleri (69.112), respectively. The mean $EC_{50}$ values for Metalaxyl-Mancozeb on these pathogens were 20.87, 20.06 and 17.70, respectively. Chemical analysis of plant essential oils by GC-MS showed that, among 42 compounds identified from C. citratus, two compounds ${\beta}$-geranial (${\alpha}$-citral) (39.16%) and z-citral (30.95%) were the most abundant. Under the greenhouse condition, Metalaxyl-Mancozeb caused the greatest reduction in disease severity, 84.2%, 86.8% and 92.1% on melon, cucumber, and pepper, respectively. The C. citratus essential oil reduced disease severity from 47.4% to 60.5% compared to the untreated control ($p{\leq}0.05$). Essential oils of O. basilicum had the lowest effects on the pathogens under in vitro and greenhouse conditions. These results show that essential oils may contribute to the development of new antifungal agents to protect the crops from Phytophthora diseases.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.309-310
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• 2005

Bioconverted linolenic acid (bLNA) obtained from linolenic acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PR3, showed anti-fungal activity against plant pathogens such as B. cinerea, F. oxysporum, F. solani, P. capsici and C. capsici. The oil sample also showed anti-fungal activity with MIC values, ranging from >250 to >1,000 ${\mu}g/ml$. Varied concentrations of bLNA had a great potential effect on spore germination of different fungi.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1996

토양에서 분리한 방선균류(actinomycetes) GT103 균주의 배양여액 및 균체추출물은 담배의 주요 병원균인 담배 줄기속마름병균(Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora), 담배 탄저병균(Colletotrichum tabacum), 담배역병균(Phytophthora nicotianae var. nicotianae)등에 강한 항균활성을 보였다. 항균활성물질은 용매 추출, silica gel chromatography, HPLC 등을 실시하여 분리.정제하였으며 UV, IR, FAB-MS, \ulcornerH-NMR, \ulcornerC-NMR 분석결과 actinomycin group의 펩타이드계 항생 물질인 actinomycin C\ulcorner로 동정되었다. 이 활성물질의 담배 탄저병에 대한 방제효과는 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 100%, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml 농도에서 90%의 방제효과를 보였다.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.275-282
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• 2014

The occurrence of post-harvest diseases and their pathogens in 'Campbell Early' which is the most produced grape in Korea was investigated. The 'Campbell Early' grapes produced in 3 main grape-producing areas were stored in a cold room ($0-4^{\circ}C$) for 2 weeks then at room temperature for 4 weeks prior to investigation. The major post-harvest diseases occurred were gray mold, blue mold, ripe rot, new decay 1, and new decay 2. Pathogens isolated from the symptoms were identified as Botrytis cinerea for gray mold, Penicillium sclerotiorum for blue mold and Collectrichum acutatum for ripe rot. Pathogens for new decay 1 and new decay 2 were not identified yet. Incidences of new decay 1 and new decay 2 were much higher than the other 3 decays in all grapes produced from 3 areas. Gray mold and blue mold occurred at much lower frequencies than these two decays, and ripe rot occurred least.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.115-130
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• 2022

Though information exists regarding the pathogenesis of the shot-hole disease (SH) in flowering cherry (FC), there has been a lack of research focusing on SH management. Therefore, here, we investigated the inhibitory activities of antagonistic bacteria against SH pathogens both in vitro and in vivo as well as their biochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds. Two biosurfactant-producing bacterial antagonists, identified as Bacillus velezensis strains JCK-1618 and JCK-1696, exhibited the best effects against the growth of both bacterial and fungal SH pathogens in vitro through their cell-free culture filtrates (CFCFs). These two strains also strongly inhibited the growth of the pathogens via the action of their antimicrobial diffusible compounds and antimicrobial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Crude enzymes, solvent extracts, and biosurfactants of the two strains exhibited antimicrobial activities. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of the partially purified active fractions revealed that the two antagonists produced three cyclic lipopeptides, including iturin A, fengycin A, and surfactin, and a polyketide, oxydifficidin. In a detached leaf assay, pre-treatment and co-treatment of FC leaves with the CFCFs led to a large reduction in the severity of the leaf spots caused by Epicoccum tobaicum and Bukholderia contaminans, respectively. In addition, the two antagonists produced indole-3-acetic acid, siderophore, and a series of hydrolytic enzymes, along with the formation of a substantial biofilm. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the antimicrobial activities of the diffusible compounds and VOCs of B. velezensis against the SH pathogens and their efficiency in the biocontrol of SH.

• The Korean Ginseng Research and Industry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2018

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.78.1-78
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• 2003

An osmotin-like protein (CAOSMl) gene was isolated from pepper leaves infected with the avirulent strain Bv5-4a of Xmthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. The cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 250 amino acids with a molecular mass of 27, 361 Da. Its amino acid sequence is highly homologous to various osmotin-like proteins from other plant species. The CAOSMl gene expression was organ- and tissue-specifically regulated In pepper plants. The CAOSMl mRNA was intensely localized in the endodermis area of root tissue and in the phloem cells of vascular bundles of red fruit tissue, but not in leaf, stem, and green fruit tissues of healthy pepper plants. Infection by X. c. pv vesintoria, Colletotrichum coccodes, or Phytopkhora capsici iinduced CAOSMl transcription in the leaf or stem tissues. Expression of the CAOSMl gene was somewhat higher in the incompatible than the compatible interactions of pathogens with pepper. The CAOSMl mRNA was prevalently localized in the phloem cells of the vascular bundle of leaf tissues infected by C. coccodes. The CAOSMl gene was activated in leaf tissues by treatment with ethylene, methyl jasmonate, high salinity, cold acclimation and mechanical wounding, but not by abscisic acid (ABA) and drought. These results indicate that the pepper CAOSMl protein functions in response to Pathogens and some abiotic stresses in pepper plants

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2007

The periodontal diseases and dental caries are major infectious diseases in oral cavity. Many of the preventive and therapeutic dental products contain the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory components. But some of these antimicrobial have weak points such as coloration, burning sensation and insolubility in water. We have screened the therapeutic herbal extracts of the Plant Extract Bank for the antimicrobial activity on the major dental pathogens by growth inhibition assay. For the Porphyromonas gingivalis, 8 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity, 11 herbal extracts for the Prevotella intermedia, 43 herbal extracts for the Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans and 61 herbal extracts for the Streptococcus mutans. Among these extracts, 6 herbal extracts had an antimicrobial activity for more than 3 species of dental pathogens. These extracts are Araliae Cordatae Radix, Crassirhizomae Rhizoma, Mori Radicis Cortex, Psoraleae Semen, Pini Ramulus and Sieges- beckiae Herba. All of effective extracts were CA group, ethanol extracts. Among these 6 herbal extracts, only Crassirhizomae is known to have a antibacterial effects. Therefore these herbal extracts have a possibility to be a candidate for a major antibacterial components in dental products.